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For Integral Representations For Analytic Functions Cauchy Integral Formula

The document discusses Cauchy's integral formula and its applications. It presents Cauchy's integral formula, which shows that the value of an analytic function f(z) within a contour C can be represented by a contour integral. It then gives examples applying the formula to evaluate integrals. It also presents the Cauchy integral formula for derivatives and its corollaries.

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siddh_kec2003
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50 views

For Integral Representations For Analytic Functions Cauchy Integral Formula

The document discusses Cauchy's integral formula and its applications. It presents Cauchy's integral formula, which shows that the value of an analytic function f(z) within a contour C can be represented by a contour integral. It then gives examples applying the formula to evaluate integrals. It also presents the Cauchy integral formula for derivatives and its corollaries.

Uploaded by

siddh_kec2003
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Module

for

Integral Representations for Analytic Functions

Cauchy Integral Formula

6.5 Integral Representations for Analytic Functions

We now present some major results in the theory of functions of a complex


variable. The first result is known as Cauchy's integral formula and shows that the
value of an analytic function f(z) can be represented by a certain contour
integral. The derivative, , will have a similar representation. In Section
7.2, we use the Cauchy integral formulas to prove Taylor's theorem and also establish
the power series representation for analytic functions. The Cauchy integral formulas
are a convenient tool for evaluating certain contour integrals.

Theorem 6.10 (Cauchy Integral Formula). Let f(z) be analytic in the simply
connected domain D, and let C be a simple closed positively oriented contour that lies
in D. If is a point that lies interior to C, then

Proof.

Proof of Theorem 6.10 is in the book.


Complex Analysis for Mathematics and Engineering

Example 6.21. Show that , where C is the circle


with positive orientation.
Solution. We have and . The point lies interior to the
circle, so Cauchy's integral formula implies that

and multiplication by establishes the desired result.

Explore Solution 6.21.

Example 6.22. Show that , where C is the


circle with positive orientation.

Solution. Here we have . We manipulate the integral and use


Cauchy's integral formula to obtain
Explore Solution 6.22.

Example 6.23. Show that , where C is the


circle with positive orientation.

Solution. We see that . The only

zero of this expression that lies in the interior of C is .

We set and use Theorem 6.10 to conclude that

Explore Solution 6.23.

Theorem 6.11 (Leibniz's Rule). Let G be an open set, and let be an


interval of real numbers. Let and its partial derivative with respect
to z be continuous functions for all z in G and all t in I. Then

is analytic for z in G, and


.

Proof.

Demonstration for Theorem 6.11.

We now generalize Theorem 6.10 to give an integral representation for the


derivative, . We use Leibniz's rule in the proof and note that this method of
proof is a mnemonic device for remembering Theorem 6.12.

Theorem 6.12 (Cauchy's Integral Formulae for Derivatives). Let be analytic


in the simply connected domain D, and let C be a simple closed positively oriented
contour that lies in D. If z is a point that lies interior to C, then for any integer ,
we have

Proof.

Proof of Theorem 6.12 is in the book.


Complex Analysis for Mathematics and Engineering

Example 6.24. Let denote a fixed complex value. Show that, if C is a simple
closed positively oriented contour such that lies interior to C, then

, and
(6-50)

, for any integer .


Solution. We let . Then for . Theorem 6.10 implies that the
value of the first integral in Equations (6-50) is

and Theorem 6.12 further implies that

This result is the same as that proven earlier in Corollary 6.1. Obviously, though, the
technique of using Theorems 6.10 and 6.12 is easier.

Explore Solution 6.24 (a).

Explore Solution 6.24 (b).

Example 6.25. Show that , where C is the circle


with positive orientation.

Solution. If we set , then a straightforward calculation shows


that . Using Cauchy's integral formulas with , we
conclude that
Explore Solution 6.25.

We now state two important corollaries of Theorem 6.12.

Corollary 6.2. If is analytic in the domain D, then all


derivatives exists for (and therefore are
analytic in D).

Proof.

Proof of Corollary 6.2 is in the book.


Complex Analysis for Mathematics and Engineering

Remark 6.3. This result is interesting, as it illustrates a big difference between real
and complex functions. A real function can have the property that exists
everywhere in a domain D, but exists nowhere. Corollary 6.2 states that if a
complex function has the property that exists everywhere in a domain D,
then, remarkably, all derivatives of exist in D.

Corollary 6.3. If is a harmonic function at each point in the domain D,


then all partial derivatives , , , ,
exists and are harmonic functions.

Proof.

Proof of Corollary 6.3 is in the book.


Complex Analysis for Mathematics and Engineering
Extra Example 1. Show that the partial derivatives
of are harmonic functions.

Explore Extra Solution 1.

Exercises for Section 6.5. Integral Representations for Analytic Functions

Library Research Experience for Undergraduates

Cauchy-Goursat Theorem

Cauchy's Integral Formula

Download this Mathematica Notebook

Download the Maple Worksheet

The Next Module is


Theorems of Morera and Liouville and Extensions

Return to the Complex Analysis Modules

Return to the Complex Analysis Project

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