Concrete Test Hammer

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OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Concrete Test Hammer

35-1480

ELE International Distributor: ELE International

Chartmoor Road, Chartwell Business Park Soiltest Product Division
Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, LU7 4WG PO Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539
England USA
phone: +44 (0) 1525 249200 phone: +1 (800) 323 1242
fax: +44 (0) 1525 249249 fax: +1 (970) 663 9781
email: [email protected] email: [email protected]
http://www.ele.com http://www.eleusa.com
ELE International, a division of Hach Lange Ltd.

In the interests of improving and updating its equipment, ELE reserves the right to alter specifications to equipment at any time
ELE International 2010 

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Contents

Section Page

1 General 3

2 Safety 3

3 Measuring 3

4 Maintenance 10

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1 General
The concrete test hammer is a mechanical device used for performing rapid, non
destructive quality testing on materials in accordance with customer’s specifications; in
most cases, however, the material involved is concrete. The device is to be used
exclusively on surfaces to be tested and on the testing anvil.
2 Safety
2.1 Safety Icons
The following safety icons are used in conjunction with all important safety notes in
these operating instructions:-

Danger!
This notice indicates a risk of serious or fatal injury
should certain rules of behaviour be disregarded.

Warning!
This notice warns you about the risk of material
damage, financial loss and legal penalties (e.g. loss of
warranty rights, liability case, etc.).

 This denotes important information.

2.2 Standards and regulations applied

 ISO/DIS 8045 International
 EN 12 504-2 Europe
 BS 1881, part 202 Great Britain
 DIN 1048, part 2 Germany
 ASTM C805 USA

3 Measuring
3.1 Measuring principal
The device measures rebound value R. There is a specific relationship between this
value and the hardness and strength of the concrete
The following factors must be taken into account when ascertaining rebound values R:
 The impact direction: Horizontal, vertically upwards and vertically downwards.
 Age of the concrete.
 Size and shape of the comparison sample (cube, cylinder).

 If necessary, clamp the items to be tested prior to

measurement in order to prevent material from
movement.

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 Items made from artificial stone which are sensitive to impacts

 Preferably perform measurements at temperatures

between 10ºC and 50ºC.

3.2 Measuring procedure

The numbered items in brackets below are illustrated in Figure 2.4, page 6. Perform a
few test impacts with the concrete test hammer on a smooth, hard surface before
taking any measurements which you are going to evaluate.

 Use a grind stone to smooth the

test surface.

Figure 2.1 Preparing the test surface

Warning!
The impact plunger (1) generates a recoil when it
deploys. Always hold the concrete test hammer in both
hands!

 Position the concrete test hammer

perpendicular to the test surface.
 Deploy the impact plunger (1) by
pushing the concrete test hammer
towards the concrete surface until the
pushbutton springs out.

Figure 2.2 Deploying the impact plunger (1)

Danger!
Always hold the concrete test hammer in both
hands, perpendicular to the test surface, before you
trigger the impact!

 Each test surface should be tested with at least 10

impacts. The individual impact points must be spaced at
least 20mm apart.

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 Position the concrete test hammer

perpendicular to the test surface.
 Push concrete test hammer against
the test surface at moderate speed
until the impact is triggered.

Figure 2.3 Performing the test

 Press the pushbutton (6) to lock the impact plunger (1) after every impact. Then
read off and note down the rebound value R indicated by the pointer on the scale
(19).

Figure 2.4 Reading the test result from the scale (19)
3.3 Recording and Evaluating Data
3.3.1 Recording procedure
After every impact, the rebound value R is displayed by the pointer (4) on the scale of
the device.
3.3.2 Evaluation of results
Take the average of the 8-10 rebound values R which you have measured

 Do not include values which are too high or too low (the
lowest and the highest values) in your calculation of the
average value.
 Determine which conversion curve is appropriate for the selected sample and
shape (see Figures 2.5 - 2.7, pages 7 – 9). Then, using the average rebound
value Rm and the selected conversion curve, read off the average compressive
strength.

 Note the impact direction!

The average compressive strength is subject to

dispersion (± 4.5N/mm2 to ±8 N/mm2).

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3.4 Conversion Curves

3.4.1 Derivation of the conversion Curves
The conversion curves (Figures 2.5 - 2.7) for the concrete test hammer are based on
measurements taken on many sample cubes. The rebound values R of the sample
cubes were measured using the concrete test hammer. Then the compressive strength
was ascertained on a pressure testing machine. In each test, at least 10 test hammer
impacts were performed on one side of the test cube which was lightly clamped on the
press.
3.4.2 Validity of the Conversion Curves
- Standard concrete made from Portland cement or blast furnace slag cement with
sand or gravel (maximum particle size dia. ≤ 32mm).
- Smooth, dry surface.
- Age: 14 – 56 days.
3.4.3 Empirical values
The conversion curve is practically independent of the:
- Cement content of the concrete.
- Particle graduation.
- Diameter of the largest particle in the fine gravel mixture, providing the diameter
of the maximum.
- Water/cement ratio.
Conversion Curves, Concrete Test Hammer
Concrete pressure resistance of a cylinder after 14 – 56 days

Figure 2.5 Conversion curves based on the average compressive strength of a cylinder
and the rebound value R.

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fckcyl.m: Average pressure resistance of a cylinder (probable value).

 The concrete test hammer in Figure 2.5 indicates the

impact direction.

Limits of Dispersion
fckcyl.m: The max. and min. values are set so 80% of all test results are included.
Conversion Curves, Concrete Test Hammer
Concrete pressure resistance of a cube after 14 – 56 days

Figure 2.6 Conversion curves based on the average compressive strength of a cube
and the rebound value R.

fckcube.m: Average pressure resistance of a cube (probable value)

 The concrete test hammer in Fig 2.6 indicates the

impact direction.

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Limits of Dispersion
fckcube.m: The max. and min. values are set so 80% of all test results are included.
Conversion Curves, Concrete Test Hammer
Concrete pressure resistance of a cylinder after 14 – 56 days

Figure 2.7 Conversion curves based on the average compressive strength of a cylinder
and the rebound value of R.

fckcyl.m: Average pressure resistance of a cylinder (probable value).

 The concrete test hammer in Fig 2.7 indicates the

impact direction.
Limits of Dispersion
fckcyl.m: The max. and min. values are set so 80% of all test results are included.
3.5 Factors affecting the values
3.5.1 Direction of impact
The measured rebound value R is dependent on the impact direction.
Shape coefficient
The compressive strength measured in a pressure testing machine depends on the
shape and size of the sample.

 The sample prescribed for use in a particular country

must be taken into account when converting the
rebound value R into compressive strength.
In the conversion curves on pages 7 - 9, the values of the compressive strength are
specified for cylinders (Ø 120 x 300mm or Ø6” x 12”) and for cubes (length of side
150mm). The following shape coefficients are familiar from the literature:-
Cube 150mm 200mm 300mm
Shape 1.00 0.95 0.85
Coefficient 1.25 1.19 1.06

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Cylinder Ø150x300mm Ø100x200mm Ø200x200mm

Shape 0.8 0.85 0.95
Coefficient 1.00 1.06 1.19

Drill core Ø50x56mm Ø100x100mm Ø150x150mm

Shape 1.04 1.02 1.00
Coefficient 1.30 1.28 1.25

Example:
A cube with a length of side of 200mm is used for the determination of the compressive
strength with the pressure testing machine. In this case the strength values shown in
the conversion curve Figure 2.7 on page 9 (for cylinders Ø8”x8”) must be multiplied by
shape coefficient of 1.19.
3.5.2 Time coefficient
The age of the concrete and its carbonate penetration depth can significantly increase
measured rebound values R. It is possible to obtain accurate values for the effective
strength by removing the hard, carbonate-impregnated surface layer using a manual
grinding machine over a surface of about Ø 120 mm and performing the measurement
on a non carbonate-impregnated concrete. The time coefficient, i.e. the amount of the
increased rebound values R, can be obtained by taking additional measurements on
the carbonate-impregnated surface
RM carb R carb
Time coeff. Z f   Rm n.c.  M
RM n.c. Zf

Rm carb: Average rebound value R, measured on carbonate-impregnated concrete

surface.
Rm n.c.: Average rebound value R, measured on carbonate-impregnated concrete
surface.
Rm n.c: Average rebound value R, measured on non carbonate-impregnated concrete
surface (factor is based on the Chinese standard JGJ/T23-2001).
3.5.3 Special cases
Experience has shown that the deviations from the normal conversion curves our under
the following circumstances:-
- Artificial stone products with an unusual concrete composition and small
dimensions. It is recommended that a separate series of test should be
performed for each product in order to determine the relationship between the
rebound value R and the compressive strength.
- Aggregates made from low strength, lightweight or cleavable stone (e.g. pumice,
brick rubble, gneiss) result in a strength value lower than those shown on the
conversion curve.
- Gravel with an extremely smooth, polished surface and a spherical shape result
in values for compressive strength which are lower than those ascertained by the
rebound values R.
- A strong dry concrete (i.e. with low sand content) which has not been adequately
processed may contain lumps of gravel which are not visible from the surface.
These affect the strength of the concrete, however without influencing the
rebound values R.

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- The concrete test hammer gives inadequate rebound values R on concrete from
which the mould has just been removed while still wet, or which has been
hardened under water. The concrete must be dried before the test.
- Very high values of compressive strength (> 70N/mm2) can be achieved by
adding pulverized fuel ash or silica fume. However, these strengths cannot be
reliably ascertained using the rebound value R measured by the concrete test
hammer.
3.5.4 Conversion curves for special cases
The recommended course in special cases is to prepare a separate conversion curve.
 Clamp the sample in a pressure testing machine and apply a preload of about
40kN vertically in the direction in which the concrete was poured in.
 Measure the rebound hardness by applying as many tests as possible to the
sides.
The only way to achieve a meaningful result is to measure the rebound values and
compressive strength of several samples.

 Concrete is a very inhomogeneous material. Samples made

from the same batch of concrete and stored together can
reveal discrepancies of ±15% when tested in the pressure
testing machine.

 Discard the lowest and highest values and calculate the Rm.
 Determine the compressive strength of the sample using the pressure test
machine and ascertain the average value fckm. The pair of values Rm / fckm
applies to a certain range of the measured rebound value R.
It is necessary to test the samples of differing qualities and/or ages in order to
prepare a new conversion curve for the entire rebound values from R=20 to R=55.
 Determine the curve with the pairs of values Rm / fckm (e.g. excel).
4 Maintenance
4.1 Performance Check
If possible, carry out a performance check every time before you use the device,
however at least every 1000 impacts or every three months.

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 Place the test anvil on a hard,

smooth surface (e.g. stone
floor).
 Clean the contact surfaces of
the anvil and impact plunger.
 Perform about 19 impacts
with the concrete test
hammer and check the result
against the calibration value
specified.

Figure 3.1 Performance check of the concrete test hammer

 Proceed as described in “Maintenance” section on page 4 if the

values are not within the tolerance range on the test anvil.

4.2 Cleaning after use

 Deploy the impact plunger (1) as described in Figure 2.2, “Measuring Procedure”
on page 5.
 Wipe the impact plunger (1) and housing (3) using a clean cloth.

Warning!
Never immerse the device in water or wash it under a
running tap! Do not use either abrasives or solvents for
cleaning!

4.3 Maintenance
We recommend that the concrete test hammer should be checked for wear after 2
years at most and be cleaned. Do this as described below.

 The concrete test hammer can either be sent to a service

centre authorised by ELE or maintained by the operator
according to the following procedure.

The numbered items in brackets below are illustrated in Figure 3.3, “cross sectional cut
through the concrete test hammer” on page 14.

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4.3.1 Stripping Down

Warning!
Never strip down, adjust or clean the pointer rod (4),
otherwise the pointer friction may change. Special tools
would be required to readjust it.

 Position the concrete test hammer perpendicular to the surface.

Danger!
The impact plunger (1) generates a recoil when it deploys.
Therefore always hold the concrete hammer with both hands!
Always direct the impact plunger (1) against a hard surface!

 Deploy the impact plunger (1) by pushing the concrete test hammer towards the
surface until the push button (6) springs out.
 Unscrew the cap (9) and remove the two part ring (10).
 Unscrew the cover (11) and remove the compression spring (12).
 Press the pawl (13) and pull the system vertically up and out of the housing (3).
 Lightly strike the impact plunger (1) with the hammer mass (14) to release the
impact plunger from the hammer guide bar (7). The retaining spring (15) comes
free.
 Pull the hammer mass (14) off the hammer guide bar together with the impact
spring (16) and sleeve (17).
 Remove the felt washer (18) from the cap (9).
4.3.2 Cleaning
 Immerse all parts except for the housing (3) in kerosene and clean them using a
brush.
 Use a round brush (copper bristles) to clean the hole in the impact plunger (1)
and in the hammer mass (14) thoroughly
 Let the fluid drip off the parts and then rub them dry with a clean, dry cloth.
 Use a clean, dry cloth to clean the inside and outside of the housing (3).
4.3.3 Assembly
 Before assembling the hammer guide bar (7), lubricate it slightly with a low
viscosity oil (one or two drops is ample; viscosity ISO22, e.g. Shell Tellus oil 22).
 Insert a new felt washer (18) into the cap (9).
 Apply a small amount of grease to the screw head (20).
 Slide the hammer guide bar (7) through the hammer mass (14).
 Insert the retaining spring (15) into the hole in the impact plunger (1).
 Slide the hammer guide bar (7) into the hole in the impact plunger (1) and push it
further until noticeable resistance is encountered.
Prior to and during installation of the system in the housing (3), make sure that the
hammer (14) does not get held by the pawl (13). Hint: For this purpose press the pawl
(13) briefly.
 Install the system vertically downwards in the housing (3).
 Insert the compression spring (12) and screw the rear cover (11) into the
housing (3).

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 Insert the two-part ring (10) in the groove in the sleeve (17) and screw on the
cap (9).
 Carry out a performance check.

 Send the device for repair if the maintenance you perform does
not result in correct function and achievement of the calibration
values specified on the test anvil.

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4.3.4 Concrete Test Hammer

Key:

1. Impact plunger
2. Test surface
3. Housing
4. Rider with guides
5. Not used
6. Push button, complete
7. Hammer guide bar
8. Guide disk
9. Cap
10. Two part ring
11. Rear cover
12. Compression spring
13. Pawl
14. Hammer mass
15. Retaining spring
16. Impact spring
17. Guide sleeve
18. Felt washer
19. Plexiglas window with
scale
20. Trip screw
21. Locknut
22. Pin
23. Pawl spring

Figure 3.3 cross sectional cut

through the concrete test hammer

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