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Applied Math Area of Circle

Chapter 13
Area of Circle
13.1 Circle
A circle is a plane figure bounded by one line which is called the
circumference, and is such that all straight lines drawn from a certain point
within the figure to the circumference are equal to another.
The point C is called the center of the circle.

Radius
A radius of a circle is a straight line drawn from the center to the
circumference.
Diameter
A diameter of a circle is a straight line drawn through the center
and terminated both ways by the circumference.
In figure AC is a radius, and AB a diameter.
Circumference of a circle = πd or 2π r
Chord
A chord of a circle is a straight line joining two points on the
circumference.
ED is chord.

13.2 Area of the Circle:

If r is the radius of the circle, d is the
diameter of the circle.
2 π
Then Area of circle = πr or d
4
A
Hence r =
π
13.3 Concentric Circles:
Concentric circles are such as have the
same center.
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Area of the Annulus (Ring)

Area between two concentric circles is known as annulus, for
example, area of a washer, the area of cross-section of a concrete pipe.
Area of the annulus = Area of outer circle – area of inner circle

π 2 4 2
= D  d
4 π
π 2
= (D  d )
2
4

Where D is the diameter of outer circle

and d is the diameter of inner circle.
If R and r denote the radius of the
outer and inner circles respectively.
Then ,Area of ring = πR 2  πr 2
= π(R 2  r 2 ) square units
Example 1:
Find the radius and the perimeter of a circle the area of which is
9.3129 sq. cm.
Solution:
Area of circle = 9.3129 sq. cm.
Radius r = ?
Area of circle = πr 2
9.3129 = (3.14)r2
9.3129
r2 =
3.14
r2 = 2.96
r = 1.72 cm
Perimeter of the circle = 2πr
= 2(3.14)(1.72) = 10.80cm.
Example 2:
A path 14 m wide surrounds a circular lawn whose diameter is
120 m. find the area of the path.
Solution:
Diameter of inner circle = 120m
Radius of inner circle = r = 60m
Radius of outer circle = R = 60 + 14 = 74m
Area of path =  ( R2  r2 )
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22 22
= (742 - 602) = (1876)
7 7
= 5896 sq. m
Example 3:
A hollow shaft with 5 m internal diameter is to have the same
cross-sectional area as the solid shaft of 11m diameter. Find the
external diameter of the hollow shaft.
Solution:
Let D = diameter of solid shaft = 11m
π 121
Area of the solid shaft = (11) 2  π
4 4
Let, d = Internal diameter of hollow shaft, d = 5m
Let, D = External diameter of hollow shaft = ?
π 2
Area of annulus = (D  d 2 )
4
π π 2
= [(D  (5) ]  (D  25)
2 2
4 4
But, Area of annulus = Area of solid shaft
π 2 121
(d  25)  π
4 4
 D2 – 25 = 121
D2 = 146
D = 12.1m which is external diameter
13.4 Sector of a Circle:
A sector of a circle is a figure bounded by two radii and the arc
intercepted between them. The angle contained by the two radii is the
angle of the sector.
In figure <PCQ is called the angle of
sector PCQ
1. Area of sector
When angle is given in degree.
πr 2
Area of circle for angle 1o=
360
πr 2
Hence, Area of sector for angle No = xN
360
2πr
Length of arc = l = .N
360
2. If angle <POQ is given in radian say θ radian.
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Applied Math Area of Circle

Area of circle for angle 2π rad = πr 2

πr 2 1 2
Area of circle for angle 1 rad =  r
2π 2
Hence,
1 2
Area of sector for angle θ rad = r θ --------(1)
2
3. Area of sector when arc and the radius of the circle r are given.
1 2
Since, Area of sector = r θ
2
1  
= r2   (because θ = /r )
2 r
1
A = rl
2
Example 4:
Find the area of the sector of the circle whose radius is 4cm and
length of the arc is 9cm.
Solution:
Let, AOB be the sector of the circle in which
OA = OB = r = 4cm
AB = l = 9cm
1
Area of the sector = lr
2
1
= x9x4
2
= 18 sq. cm
Example 5:
Find the area of the sector of the circle when the radius of the
circle is 15cm and the angle at the center is 60o.
Solution:
Since, r = 15cm, and angle θ = 60o
πr 2
Area of the sector = o
x 60o
360
22 1
= (15) 2 x  117.8 sq. cm
7 6
Example 6:
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Applied Math Area of Circle

Find the expense of paving a circular court 60cm in diameter at Rs.

3.37 per square cm. If a space is left in the center for a fountain in
the shape of a hexagonal each side of which is one cm.
Solution:
π 2
Area of the circle = d , but d = 60cm
4
3.14
Area = x 60 x 60
4
= 2828.5714 sq. cm
na 2 180o
Area of the hexagon = Cot
4 n
But n = 4, a = 1cm
6 x (1)2 180o
Area of the hexagon = Cot
4 6
3
= Cot 60 o
2
Area = 2.5980 sq. cm
Area of the plot which is to be paved:
= Area of the circle – area of the hexagon
= 2828.5714 – 2.5981
= 2826 sq. cm
 Expense = 2826 x 3.37
= 9523.5 rupees
13.5 Area of Segment:
A segment is a portion of circle
which is cut off by a straight line not
passing through the centre. The straight
line AB is called the chord of the circle.
The segment smaller than a
semicircle is called a minor segment and a
segment greater than a semi-circle is called
a major segment.

Area of segment = Area of sector

AOB  area of  AOB
=
1 2 1
r θ  r 2Sinθ
2 2
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For major segment, positive sign is taken and for minor segment, negative
sign is used.
Area of the segment in terms of Height and Length of the Chord of
the Segment:
If “h” is the maximum height and “c” is
the length of the chord of the segment, then area
of the segment is given by.
h
Area = (3h 2 +4c 2 ) ……………. (1)
6c
Length of Chord and Maximum height of
arc:
Let ACD is an arc of a circle with center „O‟ and radius „r‟ and
ADB is the chord of length c and CD is maximum height „h‟ of the
segment.
(a) If „h‟ and „r‟ are given then „c‟ can be
calculated.
In right  OAD, by Pythagoras theorem,
(OA)2 = (AD)2 + (OD)2
(AD)2 = (OA)2 – (OD)2
(AD)2 = r2 – (r – h)2 = r 2  r 2  2rh  h 2
AD = 2hr  h 2
C
= 2hr  h 2 because AD =
2
1
(ADB)
2
C = 2 2hr  h 2 ……………. (i)
(b) If „r‟ and „c‟ are given, then „h‟ can be calculated.
From (i)
Squaring (i) both sides
C2 = 4(2hr – h2)  c2 = 8hr  4h2
Or 4h2 – 8hr + c2 = 0
Which is the quadratic equation in „h‟
a = 4, b = –8r, c = c2
b ± b 2  4ac 8r ± 64r 2  16c 2
h= 
2a 8
c2
8r ± 8 r  2
2
4 2 c
h=  r ± r   
8 2
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Applied Math Area of Circle

+ve sign is used for major segment and – ve sign to be taken for minor
segment.
Example 7:
Find the area of a segment the chord of which 8cm with a height of
2cm.
Solution:
Since, h = 2cm, c = chord of segment = 8cm
h
Area of segment = (3h 2  4c 2 )
6c
2
= (3(2)2  4(8)2 )  11.16 sq. cm
6(8)
Example 8:
The span of a circular arch of 90o is 120cm. Find the area of the segment.
Solution
Let O be the centre and r be the radius of the
circle. Span AB = 120cm. In right angle  AOB,
(OA)2 + (OB)2 = (AB)2 , r2 + r2 = (120)2
 2
2r = 14400
r2 = 7200 …… (i)  r = 84.85 cm
1 1
Now area of  AOB = (OB)(OA) = (r) (r)
2 2
1 2
= r
2
1
Area of  AOB = (7200) by (i)
2
= 3600 sq. cm.
πr 2
Area of sector = o
x No
360
3.142 x 7200
= o
x 90o  5656 sq. cm
360
Area of segment = Area of sector – Area of  AOB
= 5656 – 3600 = 2056 sq. cm
Example 9:
The chord of an arc is 5cm and the diameter of the circle is 7cm.
Find the height of the arc.
Solution:
Here c = 5cm
d = 7cm
r = 3.5cm
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Applied Math Area of Circle

2
c
height of arc = r ± r   
2
2
2
5
h = 3.5 ± (3.5)   
2
2
h = 3.5 ± 12.25  6.25
h = 3.5 ± 2.45
h = 3.5 ± 2.45, h = 3.5 – 2.45
h = 5.59 cm, h = 105cm
Example 10:
Find the chord of arc whose height is 24 cm, in a circle of radius
15 cm.
Solution:
Here, h = 24cm
r = 15cm
Chord of arc = 2 2hr  h 2
C = 2 2(24)(15)  (24) 2
C = 2 720  576  2 144  2(12)
C = 24cm

13.6 Ellipse:
An ellipse is defined as the locus of a point which moves such that
the sum of its distance from two fixed points remains constant.
The fixed points are the foci of the
ellipse.
i.e. |PF| + |PF‟| = constant
In figure, F and F are the two
foci and D is the centre of the ellipse.
AA is the major axis and BB is the
minor axis, OA and OB are the semi-
axes. Also 2a is the length of major axis
and 2b is the length of minor axis.
Area of an ellipse
Area of an ellipse = π ab
Where a = semi-major axis
b = semi-minor axis
and perimeter of an ellipse = π (a + b)
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Example 11:
It is desired to lay out a plot in the form of an ellipse. The area is
23100 sq. cm. The axes are in the ratio 3:2. Find the length of the
fence required for this plot.
Solution:
Given area of plot in the form of ellipse = 23100 sq. cm.
Since axes are in the ratio 3:2
3
 a= b
2
 22  3
Area of plot = π ab = x b x b
 7  2
23100 = 4.71b2
23100
b2 = = 4904.46
4.71
b = 70.03cm
3
a= (70.30) = 105cm
2
Perimeter of plot = π (a + b)
22
= (70 + 105) = 550 cm
7
Example 12:
An elliptical pipe has a major axis of 16cm and minor axis of
10cm. Find the diameter of a circular pipe that has the same area of
cross-section.
Solution:
Major axis = 2a = 16cm
a = 8cm
Minor axis = 2b = 10cm
b = 5cm
A = π ab
A = (3.142)(8)(5) = 125.64 sq. cm.
Area of circle = π r2 but D = 2r
D2
Area of circle = π
4
By given condition
Area of circle = Area of ellipse
D2
π = 125.64
4
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Applied Math Area of Circle

125.64 x 4
D2 = = 159.97
3.14
D = 12.64 cm

Exercise 13

Q.1 The area of a semi-circle is 130 sq. cm. Find its total perimeter.
Hint P =  r + 2r.
Q.2 A road 10m wide is to be made around a circular plot of 75m
diameter. Find the cost of the ground needed for the road at Rs
4.00 per square meter.
Q.3 The areas of two concentric circles are 1386 sq. cm and 1886.5 sq.
cm respectively. Find the width of the ring.
Q.4 The area of a circle is 154 sq. cm. Find the length of the side of the
inscribed squares.
Q.5 A circular arc has a base of 4cm and maximum height 1.6cm. Find
radius, length of arc and area of segment.
Q.6 The height of an arc is 7cm and its chord 42cm. Find the diameter
of the circle.
Q.7 In a circle of diameter 25cm, the chord of an arc in 10cm, find its
height.
Q.8 The radius of a circle is 33.5cm. Find the area of a sector enclosed
by two radii and an arc 133.74 cm in length.
Q.9 The inner diameter of a circular building is 54m and the base of the
wall occupies a space of 352 sq. m. Find the thickness of the wall.
Q.10 The axis of an ellipse are 40 cm and 60 cm. Find its perimeter and
area.
Q.11 The sides of the triangle are 8, 21 and 25 m. find the radius of the
circle whose area is equal to the area of triangle.
Q.12 The area of a sector is 76 sq.cm and angle of the sector is 700.
Find radius of the circle.

Answers 13
Q1. 46.8cm Q2. 10684 rupees Q3. 23.2 sq. cm
Q4. 9.89 cm Q5. 4.771 sq. cm; 2.05cm; 2.77cm
Q6. 70cm Q7. 1.04 cm Q8. 2240.14 sq.cm
Q9. 2m Q10. 157.1cm; 1885.20sq.cm
Q11. 4.99m Q12. 19.77cm.
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Applied Math Area of Circle

Summary
2
1. Area of circle A = πr
2. Perimeter or circumferences of circle = 2πr
3. Area of Annulus (ring)
A = π(R 2  r 2 )
Where R = radius of outer circle , r = radius of inner circle
4. (a) Area of the sector if angle is given in degree
πr 2
Area of the sector = o
x No
360
2πr
Length of the arc = o
x No
360
(b) If the angle in radian, say θ radians,
1 2
then Area of sector = r θ
2
(c) If l is the length of an arc and r, radius of the circle, then
area of sector.
1
A= lr
2
1 2
5. Area of segment = Area of sector AOB  r sinθ
2
+ve sign is taken for major axis
-ve sign is taken for major axis
6. Area of the segment in terms of Height and Length of the chord of
the segment
h
Area = (3h 2 +4c 2 )
6c
Where h = maximum height, c = length of the chord.
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Short Questions
Q.1: Define a circle.
Q.2: Define diameter of a circle
Q.3: Define chord of a circle.
Q.4: What is the area and circumference of circle .
Q.5: Find the radius of a circle the area of which is 9.3129 sq. cm.
Q.6: What are concentric circle.
Q.7: Define area of the Annulus (Ring).
Q.8: A path 14cmwide, surrounds a circular lawn whose diameter is 360
cm. Find the area of the path.
Q.9: Define a sector of the circle.
Q.10: Write the area of the sector.
Q.11: The minute hand of a clock is 12 cm long. Find the area which is
described on the clock face between 6 A.M.to6.20A.M.
Q.12: Define a segment.
Q.13: Write the formula of Area of the minor segment
and major segment when angle „‟ and radius „r‟
are given.
o
r r

Q.14: Write the area of the segment in terms of Height A B

and length of the chord of the segment.
Q.15: Find the area of a segment the chord of which 8 cm with a height
of 2 cm.
Q.16: The area of a semi-circle is 130 sq. cm. Find its total perimeter.

Answers
Q5. r= 1.72 cm. Q8. 16456 sq.cm Q11. 150.7 sq.cm.
1
Q13. Area of minor segment = r2 ( – sin )
2
1 –
Area of a major segment = 2 r2 (2 – + sin )

Q15. 11.16 sq. cm. Q16. 46.7 cm.

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Applied Math Area of Circle

Objective Type Questions

Q.1 Each questions has four possible answers. Choose the correct
answer and encircle it.
___1. Area of a circle whose radius is „a‟ cm is:
π 2
(a) πr 2 (b) πa 2 (c) πa (d) a
2
1
__2. Circumference of a circle whose radius is cm is equal to
2
πr r
(a) 2π (b) 2πr (c) (d)
2 2
___3. Area of a sector of 60o in a circle of radius 6 cm is:
(a) 6π (b) 6π 2 (c) 36π (d) 3π
___4. The space enclosed between two concentric circles is called
(a) cone (b) ellipse (c) annulus (d) none of these
___5. Arc of circle with diameter „d‟ is:
π 2 π 2 π 2
(a) r (b) d (c) d (d) None of these
2 2 4
___6. If R and r denote the radii of the outer and inner circles, then Area
of annulus (ring) is:
π 2 2
(a) π(R 2  r 2 ) (b) (R  r ) (c) π(R 2 + r 2 )
2
(d) (R 2  r 2 )
___7. If 2a and 2b are the major and minor axis of the ellipse, then area
of ellipse is:
π
(a) ab (b) πab (c) ab (d) π 2 ab
2
___8. If 2a and 2b are the major and minor axis of the ellipse, the
circumference of the ellipse is:
(a) π(a + b) (b) π(a  b)
(c) π(a + b)2 (d) π2 (a  b)
___9. If the area of circle is , then radius r is:
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 16 (d) 8
___10. If x and y the major and minor axis of the ellipse then area of
ellipse is:
πxy πxy
(a) (b) (c) πxy (d) π2 xy
2 4
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440
___11. The circumference of a pulley is cm, its diameter is:
7
(a) 20cm (b) 40cm (c) 80cm (d) 10cm
Answers
Q.1 (1) b (2) a (3) a (4) c
(5) c (6) a (7) b (8) a
(9) a (10) b (11) a