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    Two Main Excretory Ducts CA Cells and Intercalated Duct Cells

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    Noel Joaquin
    The digestive system contains several glands that secrete enzymes and fluids to aid in digestion. The salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth and include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The pancreas is a pinkish-yellow gland that secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine. The liver has a dual blood supply and performs many functions including bile secretion, protein synthesis, and detoxification. It is composed of lobules surrounded by portal triads and contains hepatocytes, sinusoids, and a central vein. Diseases of the digestive system include hepatitis, which causes inflammation of the liver, and pancreatitis, which is inflammation

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    Two Main Excretory Ducts CA Cells and Intercalated Duct Cells

    Uploaded by

    Noel Joaquin
    28 views3 pages
    The digestive system contains several glands that secrete enzymes and fluids to aid in digestion. The salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth and include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The pancreas is a pinkish-yellow gland that secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine. The liver has a dual blood supply and performs many functions including bile secretion, protein synthesis, and detoxification. It is composed of lobules surrounded by portal triads and contains hepatocytes, sinusoids, and a central vein. Diseases of the digestive system include hepatitis, which causes inflammation of the liver, and pancreatitis, which is inflammation

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    Accessory Glands

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    The digestive system contains several glands that secrete enzymes and fluids to aid in digestion. The salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth and include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The pancreas is a pinkish-yellow gland that secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine. The liver has a dual blood supply and performs many functions including bile secretion, protein synthesis, and detoxification. It is composed of lobules surrounded by portal triads and contains hepatocytes, sinusoids, and a central vein. Diseases of the digestive system include hepatitis, which causes inflammation of the liver, and pancreatitis, which is inflammation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    28 views3 pages

    Two Main Excretory Ducts CA Cells and Intercalated Duct Cells

    Uploaded by

    Noel Joaquin
    The digestive system contains several glands that secrete enzymes and fluids to aid in digestion. The salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth and include the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The pancreas is a pinkish-yellow gland that secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine. The liver has a dual blood supply and performs many functions including bile secretion, protein synthesis, and detoxification. It is composed of lobules surrounded by portal triads and contains hepatocytes, sinusoids, and a central vein. Diseases of the digestive system include hepatitis, which causes inflammation of the liver, and pancreatitis, which is inflammation

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM + serous demilunes = flattened serous cells

    Mucous cells = flattened, basal nucleus, large mucin


    Salivary Glands
    droplets in cytoplasm
    1. Major/minor With intra & interlobular ducts
    2. In pairs – parotid, submandibular, sublingual
    Sublingual gland
    3. Secrete saliva – watery, viscous suspension of mucus,
    enzymes, inorganic ions, antibodies, Ph = 6.7-7.4 Mixed, >mucous, 5%
    4. Functions Lacks capsule
    a. Lubricates & protect oral tissues With intra & interlobular ducts
    b. Aqueous solution for taste
    *Stroma – with adipose tissue except for submandibular gland
    c. Masticatory wetting agent
    d. Starts digestion of CHO- a amylase ** striated ducts – unique to salivary glands
    e. Has bacterial lysozyme – inhibits dental caries
    f. Has immunoglobulins – IgG, IgA, IgM PANCREAS
    5. Major glands – compound tubuloacinar Grossly pinkish – yellow
    Parotid Gland Thin, indistinct CT capsule – septa (LCT) – indistinct
    lobules
    Largest, 30% of saliva, purely serous Exocrine part – 99%, secretory acini & ducts
    Fibrous capsule, septa – lobes & lobules Acinar cells – pancreatic juice, 1.5L/day, digestive
    Parenchyma: pyramidal serous cells form acinus enzymes
    o : myoepithelial cells Endocrine part – islets of Langerhans
    Ducts:
    o Intercalated (simple squamous/cuboidal) -> striated Duct system
    (simple columnar) -> interlobular (stratified 1. Centroacinar cells – small, pale, first part of the duct
    cuboidal – stratified columnar – pseudo columnar) - system -> 2. Intralobular intercalated ducts (simple low,
    >->-> Stensen (stratified squamous; main excretory) cuboidal) -> 3. Interlobular ducts (branch with
    – intercalated & striated ducts = intralobular & increasing caliber; simple cuboidal) -> 4. Two main
    secretory - striated ducts = + basal striations excretory ducts (Wirsung & Santorini; simple columnar)
    Submandibular gland CA cells and intercalated duct cells: = secrete HCO3 rich
    fluid (protective)
    60%, watery saliva, mixed, > serous, Wharton’s duct
    Fibrous capsule – septa – lobes & lobules
    Pancreas – acini b. Venule (PV)
    c. Arteriole (hepatic artery)
    1. Compound tubulo-acinar exocrine gland
    d. Bile ductules
    2. Acinus – simple cuboidal to pyramidal cells around a
    5. Sinusoids – between anastomosing plates of liver cells
    lumen
    a. From peripheral branches of PV & HA
    3. Spheroid nucleus near base
    b. Converge on the CB
    4. Extensive network of RER = intense CHON synthesis
    c. Discontinuous linings of fenestrated endothelial
    5. Apical part – secretory (zymogen) granules: eosinophilic
    cells
    6. Secrete digestive enzymes: trypsin, chymotrypsin,
    i. Cells found with the sinusoids
    amylase, lipase, carboxypeptidase
    1. Kupffer
    LIVER 2. Ito (hepatic stellate cells)

    Dual blood supply: Portal Lobule


    o Hepatic portal vein & hepatic artery
    1. Exocrine function – drains bile from cells to bile duct (to the
    Main functions:
    center)
    o Bile secretion
    2. Triangular – triad at the center
    o Synthesis and secretion of plasma proteins
    3. CVs at its angles
    o Gluconeogenesis
    Pages 338-339, Figure 16-18
    o Detoxification
    o Deamination Hepatic acinus
    o Store glucose and TG
    1. Oxygenated blood to the liver cells
    o Store of fat-soluble vitamins
    2. Irregular oval or diamond shape
    o Removal of effete RBCs
    3. CVs at the tips (upright), PT on the lateral tips
    o Store Fe
    4. Zoning: zone 1> O2
    Hepatic lobules

    1. Organization of liver parenchyma


    2. Liver cells for irregular plates arranged round a central
    vein
    3. Stroma – reticular CT
    4. Portal areas (hexagon, 3-6 in number), fibrous CT
    a. Portal triad:
    Clinical Points

    Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver

    - Hep viruses A to G
    - EB, HS, CMV
    - Transmission: fecal-oral,
    food/waterborne, sexual,
    parenteral, perinatal

    Acute pancreatitis – inflammation of the exocrine pancreas often


    associated with alcoholism or excessive alcohol intake

    Chronic pancreatitis- repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis

    :irreversible functional impairment

    Caused by: chronic ROH abuse, long-term cigarette smoking,


    cholelithiasis

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