International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 6 (2018) pp.

3975-3978
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

Design tool of Motor Vehicle Emissions Measurement Devices with Based on

Arduino Nano with Android Smartphone Viewer
Lukman Hakim 1) , Zuriah Sitorus 2), Muhammad Muzakky Al Maududy 3)
1,2)
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of North Sumatra
Jalan Bioteknologi No.1 Campus USU, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.

Abstract The growing number of motor vehicles with various brands

and types will increase consumption of fuel oil and cause
Motor vehicles exhaust emissions containing harmful
effects of air pollution. The increase in fuel consumption is
pollutant gases that can damage the environment and cause
very reasonable if seen data from the Association of
health problems for humans. To control the emission levels
Indonesian Automotive Industries (Gaikindo) stated that the
of vehicles, a motor vehicle emissions measurement is
number of motor vehicle sales increased significantly.
made. The purpose of this tool is to facilitate consumer to
be aware of the exhaust emissions level. The number of vehicles in Indonesia based on data from the
Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia
The hardware used in this tool include Smartphone as a
from 2010 to 2014 showed the enhancement in the number
viewer, Arduino nano as the brains of this device,
of vehicles that extraordinary.
Bluetooth module as an intermediary between the device
with arduino, and sensors as content Seeing the problem, it is imperative for the government and
measure of gases resulting from engines combustion, the motor vehicle industry in Indonesia to be aware of as
while the softwares used are Arduino IDE and App early as possible the effects of hazards caused by exhaust
Inventor. The method used in this study is an experimental emissions pollutants and together to minimize air pollution
method that consists of data collection, data analysis, caused by exhaust emissions pollutants and environmentally
construction and testing. Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydro friendly. [2]
carbon (HC) can be measured and monitored by looking at
Among the harmful gases , coming out of exhaust fumes are
the data displayed on android smartphone. Testing is done
Hydrocarbon and Carbonmonoxide. Hydrocarbons are toxic
with three categories, namely: measurement with 1000
gases for humans, carcinogenic hydrocarbons can be
rpm, 2000 and 3000 rpm. Based on the results of tests
harmful because hydrocarbons in the air undergo chemical
performed it is known that the average error of HC gas
photo reactions that can be more harmful gases than their
measurement is 4% and the averaged error of CO gas
origin (to peroxiasetyl nitrate, ketones, and aldihides) so that
measurement is CO 3.3%. The error is likely to occur due
the medium to high concentrations hydrocarbons can cause
to the ability of gas sensors MQ-2 and MQ-7 to be less
health problems especially on the mucous membranes, eyes,
sensitive when measuring gas levels with a variety of
nose and throat and if accumulated in a long time
interferences.
hydrocarbons cause cancer. [3]
Keywords: Arduino Nano, Bluetooth,
Carbonmonoxide (CO) is compound gas toxic
Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide
ones formed as a result of incomplete combustion in the
(CO).Android Smartphone
process of motor work, CO gas is relatively unstable and
tends to react with other elements, CO can be converted to
carbon dioxide (CO2) with the help of less oxygen and heat,
INTRODUCTION
CO is measured in% pervolume or in ppm but in the
Motor vehicles have long been a source of air pollutants in automotive industry according to the measuring instrument
many major cities of the world. The toxic gases of millions used is often measured in% per volume [4]
of exhaust every day cause serious problems in many
Motor vehicle exhaust emission threshold is the maximum
countries including Indonesia, where gasoline-fueled
limit of substances or contaminants that may be discharged
vehicles are also one of the biggest sources of air pollutants
directly from the vehicle exhaust gas pipe. The standard
in the industry and households. Air pollution from motor
emission of stationary sources which is the default level of
vehicles, power plants, industry and households account for
noise consists of the standard of noise level, the standard of
70% of the pollution in the world with the composition of
vibration level and the standard of soundness. While the
the quantity of carbon monoxide (CO) 99%, hydrocarbons
standard of emission source source comes from motor
(HC) 89%, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) 73% and other
vehicle fumes.
particulates that include lead, sulfur oxide and dust particles.
[1] For control of air pollution from mobile sources include
supervision of compliance threshold of exhaust emission,
inspection of exhaust emissions for new type of motor

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 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 6 (2018) pp. 3975-3978
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

vehicle and old motor vehicle, ambient air quality RESEARCH RESULT
monitoring around the road, inspection of vehicle exhaust
Calibrate Tools with Tools
emission in road and material procurement burn free oil
Lead and diesel sulfur low as per international standards. Measure the Standard
Regarding motor vehicles shall be regulated in the In order for the measurement value in accordance with the
Regulation of the State Minister of the Environment standard gauge, it is necessary to do a calibration to compare
Number 05 Year 2006 concerning Threshold of Emission of the tool with already terstandard that is the gas Analyzer
Motor Vehicle Disposal. [ 5 ] Analyzer Auto 200 0 Medan which is located at Jalan
Sisingamangaraja No. 8 Medan .
Setela h finished calibrated design tool used to test vehicle
RESEARCH METHODS
emissions with "Gas Analyzer" with n pengukura results can
The block diagram used in this study can be seen as in the be seen in the graph below this.
following figure

Graph 1. HC Measurement with Standard Design and

Tool Tools

Figure 1. System block diagram

In this study, the design tool using MQ-7 and MQ-2 sensors,
where both sensors function to detect and estimate the
content of hydrocarbon compounds (HC) and carbon
monoxide (CO) compounds by detecting gas levels in the
vehicle exhaust pipe.
Graph 2. Measurement of CO with Standard Devices
Both sensors are then connected to an arduino nano and Tools
microcontroller, in this microcontroller data derived from
the MQ-7 and MQ-2 sensors which are still in the form of
voltage converted to gas concentration (ppm).
Then the data already in conversion is sent to the bluetooth
module HC-05 and then received using applications that
have been specially designed to receive data derived from
the design tool.
Applications in this experiment are designed using App
Inventor, while programming on the arduino nano
microcontroller in the program by using arduino IDE
software sent using a computer USB port.
The data obtained in the study then compared with standard
equipment owned by Toyota auto shop 2000. After being
tested and calibrated, the design tool is used to measure
some cars.

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 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 6 (2018) pp. 3975-3978
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

To know the% error can be calculated in the following ways:

From the table data measurement tool design with the standard tool,
then it can be calculated the average% error of the measurement tool design that is:

Total % error 36
% error design tool for HC gas = = = 4%
the number of measurements 9

Total % error 30
% error design tool for CO gas = = = 3,3%
the number of measurements 9

Thus, the average% of the correction for HC gas is 4%, while for CO gas is 3.3%.

Testing Tool After Calibration as before, just not using the standard "Gas Analyzer" toolad
previously used for calibration. Here's the table of
Once calibrated with the standard "Gas Analyzer" tool, the
measurement results after calibration
design tool is used to measure car emissions, with the same

Graph 3. HC Measurement with Design Tool After Graph 4. CO Measurement with Design Tool After
Calibration Calibration

CONCLUSION 3.3%. Overall parts of tools that have been built can
work well as planned.
Based on the results of tool design and testing tools that
have been done, can be drawn conclusion as follows. 2. By sending data from design tools through bluetooth
communications media to android smartphone, believed
1. After calibrating the equipment and comparing the
to be able to facilitate the measurement of vehicle
results of the measurement of the design tool with the
exhaust emissions and become an alternative to
"gas analyzer", it is found that the percentage of HC gas
measuring vehicle exhaust emissions
measurement is 4% and the CO gas measurement is

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© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Kristiana Ervin. 2011. Design of Carbon Monoxide
(Co) Gas Disposal Device Detector in Motor
Vehicles. Semarang
[2] Decree of State Minister of Environment
No.045 th 1997. Air Pollution Standard Index
[3] Soemirat . July. 1994. Environmental Health.
Gadjahmada University Press . Yogyakarta
[4] Petter A Weller. 1989. Fachkunde
Fahrzeugtechnik. Holland Johenshands Germany.
[5] Regulation of the State Minister of Environment
Number 05 Year 2006 . About the Exhaust
Emissions Limit of Old Motor Vehicle

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