# Vapor Pressure

Log Po = A + B/T + C log T + DT + ET2

komponen A B C D E
C3H6 24.539 -1502.2 -6.48 -4.2845E-11 5.4982E-06
C3H8 21.4469 -1462.7 -5.261 3.282E-11 3.7349E-06
C3H6O 38.5381 -2631 -11.104 4.2178E-10 5.5025E-06
TBA 71.8181 -4996.6 -21.805 1.9238E-08 5.8247E-06
TBHP 11.5999 -2765.8 -2.12E-01 -4.20E-03 2.1416E-06

# Cek fase pada arus keluar reaktor

komponen kmol/jam xi BM
C3H6 1.00347371 0.0043880612 42
C3H8 0.50425815 0.0022050559 44
C3H6O 99.3438976 0.4344180623 58
TBA 106.758128 0.4668395346 74
TBHP 21.072948 0.092149286 90
Σ 228.682705 1

# T Bubble Point pada 40 atm

P = 40 atm = 30400 mmHg
Trial T = 216.164447 oC = 489.31444658 K

komponen xi Po Ki yi
C3H6 0.00438806 2.27E+05 7.48E+00 3.28E-02
C3H8 0.00220506 1.59E+05 5.24E+00 1.15E-02
C3H6O 0.43441806 4.11E+04 1.35E+00 5.87E-01
TBA 0.46683953 2.26E+04 7.45E-01 3.48E-01
TBHP 0.09214929 6.87E+03 2.26E-01 2.08E-02
Σ 1 1.00E+00

suhu dan tekanan keluar reaktor

P = 40 atm
T = 78.8675 C 351.8675 K

# Cek fase pada Flash Drum

P operasi = 1.1 atm 836 mmHg

# T bubble point umpan separator pada 1.1 atm

Trial T = 53.8366942 oC = 326.98669416 K
komponen xi Po Ki yi
C3H6 0.00438806 17323.8143 20.7223 0.0909 0.0003583
C3H8 0.00220506 13932.3114 16.6654 0.0367
C3H6O 0.43441806 1441.7438 1.7246 0.7492
TBA 0.46683953 214.1965 0.2562 0.1196
TBHP 0.09214929 29.2171 0.0349 0.0032
Σ 1 0.9997

# T dew point umpan separator pada 1.1 atm

Trial T = 89.0731276 oC = 362.2231276 K
komponen yi Po Ki xi
C3H6 0.00438806 33967.3302 40.6308 0.000108
C3H8 0.00220506 27292.7553 32.6468 6.75427E-05
C3H6O 0.43441806 3816.8817 4.5656 0.09514927
TBA 0.46683953 976.3481 1.1679 0.39973229
TBHP 0.09214929 152.4717 0.1824 0.505253
Σ 1 1.0003101

# Maka umpan akan berupa dua fase pada T= 57.7203461 oC

= 330.870346 K
Throttling Valve

Kode :
Fungsi : Menurunkan tekanan produk keluar reaktor dari 40 atm menjadi 1.1 atm untuk diumpankan ke flash drum

Tujuan : 1. Menghitung neraca massa

2. Menghitung neraca panas
3. menentukan suhu sebelum masuk expansion valve

1. Neraca Massa

F, zi

NM pada Flash Drum

Umpan masuk
Komp. Input (Arus 5) Output Gas (Arus 6)
BM kg/hr kmol/hr zi kg/hr kmol/hr
C3H6 42 42.1459 1.0035 0.0044 26.5720 0.6327
C3H8 44 22.1874 0.5043 0.0022 12.8381 0.2918
C3H6O 58 5761.9461 99.3439 0.4344 740.1404 12.7610
TBA 74 7900.1014 106.7581 0.4668 180.9867 2.4458
TBHP 90 1896.5653 21.0729 0.0921 6.1124 0.0679
Total 15622.9461 228.6827 1 966.6495 16.1992
15622.9461 228.6827

2. Neraca Panas
a. Menghitung Panas Penguapan (Hvap)
T = 57.720346081 C 330.8703460805 K
Data A Tc n Hvap kmol/hr Qvap
C3H6 26.098 364.76 0.358 11.1474 0.6327 7052.5715
C3H8 26.89 369.82 0.365 11.8252 0.2918 3450.2933
C3H6O 40.176 482.25 0.366 26.2902 12.7610 335490.2383
TBA 107.467 506.2 0.813 45.3853 2.4458 111001.9154
TBHP 72.8 611 0.204 62.0927 0.0679 4217.0411
Total 16.1312 456995.0184 kJ/hr

Q vap = 456995.01844 kJ/hr

b. Panas yang dibawa gas keluar

T = 330.87 K
Komp. A B C D E int Cp dT
C3H6 31.298 7.2449E-02 1.9481E-04 -2.1582E-07 6.2974E-11 2200.7179
C3H8 28.277 1.1600E-01 1.9597E-04 -2.3271E-07 6.8669E-11 2538.3994
C3H6O 29.501 9.2545E-02 2.5626E-04 -2.9921E-07 9.0294E-11 2471.4709
TBA 8.866 4.2394E-01 -2.4206E-04 6.1419E-08 -4.3829E-12 3929.9393
TBHP 2.1 5.5655E-01 -4.5845E-04 2.1168E-07 -4.2051E-11 4513.4762

Komp. kmol/hr n.intCp.dT

C3H6 0.6327 1392.3204
C3H8 0.2918 740.6412
C3H6O 12.7610 31538.5433
TBA 2.4458 9611.7103
TBHP 0.0679 306.5341
Total 16.1312 43589.7492 kJ/jam Qtop = 43589.7492 kJ/hr
c. Panas yang dibawa cairan keluar
T= 330.87 K Tref = 298.15 K
Komp. A B C D int Cp dT
C3H6 54.7180 3.4512E-01 -1.6315E-03 3.8755E-06 4012.4259
C3H8 59.6420 3.2831E-01 -1.5377E-03 3.6539E-06 4078.2311
C3H6O 53.3470 5.1543E-01 -1.8029E-03 2.7795E-06 4046.2745
TBA -309.4150 4.4863E+00 -1.2958E-02 1.3642E-05 7990.6016
TBHP -18.8340 1.1762E+00 -3.2019E-03 3.3722E-06 4557.2891

Komp. kmol/hr n.Cp.dT

C3H6 0.3708 1487.8366
C3H8 0.2125 866.5559
C3H6O 86.5829 350337.9994
TBA 104.3124 833518.5229
TBHP 21.0050 95726.0072
Total 191.4785 ### kJ/jam Qbot = 1281936.9220 kJ/hr

e. Menghitung panas yang harus dibawa produk masuk

Panas yang harus dibawa oleh produk sebelum masuk expansion valve
Qin = Qvap + Qtop + Qbot = 1782521.6897 kJ/hr
Panas produk yang dibutuhkan sebelum masuk ekspansion valve
Trial : T out = 67.9935 C 341.1435 K
komp A B C D T Tref intgrl Cp. dT
C3H6 54.7180 3.4512E-01 -1.6315E-03 3.8755E-06 341.1435 298.15 5384.1218
C3H8 59.6420 3.2831E-01 -1.5377E-03 3.6539E-06 341.1435 298.15 5464.9071
C3H6O 53.3470 5.1543E-01 -1.8029E-03 2.7795E-06 341.1435 298.15 5365.7285
TBA -309.4150 4.4863E+00 -1.2958E-02 1.3642E-05 341.1435 298.15 10585.2788
TBHP -19.9540 1.1460E+00 -3.2019E-03 3.1722E-06 341.1435 298.15 5279.1006

komp kg/jam kmol/jam n. Cp. dT

C3H6 42.1459 1.0035 5402.8247
C3H8 22.1874 0.5043 2755.7239
C3H6O 5761.9461 99.3439 533052.3842
TBA 7900.1014 106.7581 1130064.5444
TBHP 1896.5653 21.0729 111246.2126
Total 15622.9461 228.6827 1782521.6899

Jadi umpan sebelum masuk ekspansion valve harus mempunyai suhu 67.9935 C

Neraca Panas total

Input kJ/hr Output kJ/hr
Qumpan 1782521.6899 Qtop 43589.7492
Qbottom 1281936.9220
Qvap. 456995.0184
Total 1782521.690 Total 1782521.690 selisih Qin-Qout= 0.000
as (Arus 6) Output Liquid (Arus 7)
yi kg/hr kmol/hr xi
0.0391 15.5739 0.3708 0.0017
0.0180 9.3493 0.2125 0.0010
0.7878 5021.8056 86.5829 0.4075
0.1510 7719.1148 104.3124 0.4909
0.0042 1890.4529 21.0050 0.0989
1.0000 14656.2965 212.4835 1.0000
341.1435 K
 PERANCANGAN DIMENSI DRUM

kondisi operasi P = 1.1 atm 1.114575 bar = 16.17

T = 57.7203460805 °C =330.720346 K

Neraca Massa
arus 5 arus 6 arus 7
Komponen Umpan fase uap fase cair
kmol kg kmol kg kmol kg
C3H6 1.0035 42.1459 0.6327 26.5720 0.3708 15.5739
C3H8 0.5043 22.1874 0.2918 12.8381 0.2125 9.3493
C3H6O 99.3439 5761.9461 12.7610 740.1404 86.5829 5021.8056
TBA 106.7581 7900.1014 2.4458 180.9867 104.3124 7719.1148
TBHP 21.0729 1896.5653 0.0679 6.1124 21.0050 1890.4529
228.6827 15622.9461 16.1992 966.6495 212.4835 14656.2965
228.6827 15622.9461

1. Menentukan Densitas Uap dan Cairan

# Densitas Uap
rho uap = BM camp x P / (R T Z)

BM camp = sigma BMi * yi

Operasi pada tekanan Rendah ( Smith Van Ness hal 89) , dan dari tabel 3.15
( Smith Van Ness hal 90), digunakan persamaan generalized virial coeficient :
Bº = 0,083 - 0,422/(Tr^1.6) (persm 3.50 Smith Van Ness ed 5)
B´ = 0,139 - 0,172/(Tr^4,2) (persm 3.51 Smith Van Ness ed 5)
BPc/RTc = Bº + ωB' (persm 3.48 Smith Van Ness ed 5)
Z = 1 + (BPc/RTc x Pri/Tri) (persm 3.47 Smith Van Ness ed 5)
dengan :
T = Suhu separator = 57.7203 oC = 330.7203 K
BMavg = BM rata-rata = 59.6728 kg/kmol
P = Tekanan = 1.1 atm = 836 mmHg
R = Konstanta Gas = 0.08205 m3 atm/kmol K
Tr = Suhu tereduksi (T/Tc)
Tc = Suhu Kritis
Pr = Tekanan tereduksi (P/Pc)

Komponen BM Kgmol/jam yi (fr. Mol) BM *yi yi (fr.massa)

C3H6 42 0.6327 0.0391 1.6403 0.0274887547
C3H8 44 0.2918 0.0180 0.7925 0.0132810228
C3H6O 58 12.7610 0.7878 45.6900 0.7656760706
TBA 74 2.4458 0.1510 11.1726 0.1872308914
TBHP 90 0.0679 0.0042 0.3773 0.0063232605
Σ 16.1992 1 59.6728041 1

BM camp = 59.67280406 Kg/Kmol

Komponen ω Tc (K) Pc (bar) Pc (atm) Tr Pr

C3H6 0.142 364.76 46.13 45.5267703 0.9067 0.0242
C3H8 0.152 369.82 42.49 41.9343696 0.8943 0.0262
C3H6O 0.271 482.25 49.24 48.5961017 0.6858 0.0226
TBA 0.616 506.2 39.72 39.2005922 0.6533 0.0281
TBHP 0.668 576 43.4 42.8324698 0.5742 0.0257
 Σ

Komp Bo B1 BPc/RTc Zi ρv (kg/m3) yi*ρv (kg/m3)

C3H6 -0.4106 -0.1206 -0.4277 0.9886 2.4469 0.0673
C3H8 -0.4216 -0.1360 -0.4423 0.9870 2.4508 0.0325
C3H6O -0.6886 -0.6996 -0.8782 0.9710 2.4912 1.9074
TBA -0.7509 -0.8889 -1.2984 0.9442 2.5618 0.4797
TBHP -0.9423 -1.6293 -2.0307 0.9092 2.6606 0.0168
Total 2.5037

rho uap = 2.503721666 kg/m3 = 0.1561619 lb/ft3

Densitas Cairan
^
T n
ρ= A . B − 1 -
((
Tc ))
Komponen BM Kg/jam xi
C3H6O 58 5021.8056 0.3432
TBA 74 7719.1148 0.5276
TBHP 90 1890.4529 0.1292
Σ 14631.3734 1.0000

Komponen A B n Tc (1-T/Tc)^n r cairan

C3H6O 0.31226 0.27634 0.29353 428.25 0.647722765 0.4778
# TBA 0.26921 0.2565 0.2737 506.2 0.7482933691 0.7080
TBHP 0.30445 0.26825 0.2857 576 0.7835624114 0.1514
Σ 1.3371

r cairan = 0.74786025 gr/ml = 747.86025 kg/m3 = 46.645471318 lb/ft3

Laju Vol.trik Uap (qv) = Massa Uap/ rho uap

= 386.085058613 m3/j
= 0.1072458496 m3/s = 3.78735144 ft3/s

Laju Vol.trik cairan(q liq) = Massa Cairan/ rho Cairan

= 19.5976407901 m3/j
= 0.0054437891 m3/s = 0.1922456 ft3/s

menentukan kecepatan gas maksimum

0 .5
ρ L - ρV
Umax = K
dengan :
( ρV ) (Carl R Branan,1994)

U = kecepatan gas, ft/s

K = system kostan merupakan fungsi (Wliq/Wvap)*(rho Vap/ rho liq)^0.5
W = flow rate, lb/s
W liq = 14656.2965 Kg/jam = 8.9673865 lb/s
W vap = 966.6495 Kg/jam = 0.59144 lb/s
X=
nilai (Wliq/Wvap)*(rho Vap/ rho liq)^0.5 = 0.88 Y=
dari figure 1 Carl R Branan, p.132 diperoleh nilai Kv = 0.15893029
untuk vessel horisontal nilai Kh = 0.19866287
sehingga U max = 3.427722901 ft/s = 1.04476994 m/s
Av min = qv / U max = 1.1049176219 ft2

menghitung Dmin Separator

2. jika vessel pada keadaan volume penuh liquid maka :

(A total) min = (Av)min /0,2 (Carl R. Branan,1994)

 = 5.52458811 ft2
D min = 2.65286484 ft = 0.8085932 m = 31.83437808 in

menghitung panjang Vessel

Diambil waktu tinggal cairan dalam drum = 600 det = 10 menit
V liq = q liq x waktu tinggal
q liq = 0.005443789 m3/s
over design = 20 %
perancangan= 0.006532547 m3/s
# V liq = 3.919528158 m3 = 138.41683 ft3
D = D min + 6 in
D = 37.83437808 in = 3.1528648 ft = 0.9609932032 m
D = D min = 31.83437808 in = 2.6528648 ft = 0.8085932032 m
Dstandar = 40 in = 3.3333333 ft = 1.016 m
L = V liq/(0.25 pi D^2)
L = 15.86944555 ft = 4.837007 m
L/D = 4.760833664

Menentukan Dimensi Flash Drum

menentukan tebal shell

ts = (P.ri/(f.E-0.6*P)) + C
Bahan kontruksi shell yang dipilih adalah karbon stell SA 283 grade C, karena :
- tahan korosi
- cukup kuat
- harga murah
- untuk pressure vessel dengan tebal shell lebih dari 5/8 inch
- untuk vessel dengan tekanan moderat
- untuk suhu operasi kurang dari 900 oF 482.22222 C
Spesifikasi :
Allowance stress (f) = 12650 lb/in2 (Tabel 13-1 brownell)
# Corrosion allowanse (C )= 0.1250 inch
Efisiensi pengelasan (E) = 0.85 (tabel 13-2 brownell untuk single butt joint)
#
P oerasi = 1.1 atm
P design = 1.3 atm over design = 20.00%
IDs = 40 in = 1.016 m
ri = 20 in
t shell = 0.127455424 in

digunakan tebal standar = 0.1875 in = 3/16 in

Diameter Luar shell = 40.375 in
diameter standar = 42 in = 1.0668 m

menentukan tebal head

tabel 5.7 untuk OD = 42 in
ts = 0.1875 in
icr = 2.625 in
rc = 42 in
maka W = 1/4 x (3+(r+icr)^0.5)
W = 2.420048652 in

t = ((P.r.W)/(2.f.E-0,2.P))+c
t = 0.1279709402 in
digunakan tebal standar = 0.1875 in = 3/16 in = 0.0047625 m

menentukan lebar head

# untuk tebal head 3/16 in, maka :
sf = 1.5-2 (tabel 5.8 Brownell)
dipilih sf = 2
 Dari Tabel 5.6 Brownell &Young, sf = 1.5 - 2
Diambil nilai sf = 2
OD = ID + 2t = 42 inch
11. a = ID/2 = 20 inch
AB = a-icr = 17.375 inch
BC = r-icr = 39.375 inch
AC = ((BC^2)-(AB^2))^0.5 = 35.3341195 inch
b = r - AC = 6.66588051 inch
# OA = t + b + sf = 8.8534 inch
Maka lebar head = OA = 8.8534 inch
0.22487587 m
0.73778171 ft

Dimensi Separator Keseluruhan

lebar total separator = L + 2*OA
= 5.2867587328 m
= 17.3450089658 ft

Tinggi Separator = 42 in 1.0668 m

= 3.5 ft
= 1.0668 m

Menentukan diameter pipa pemasukan dan pengeluaran

Di,opt = 3.9*qf^(0.45)*rhof^(0.13) (pers.45 Peters)
dengan
Di,opt = diameter optimum, in 1 kg/m3 = 0.06242796
qf = debit fluida, cuft/s 1 kg = 2.20462
ρf = densitas fluida, lbm/cuft 1 inch = 0.0254

Data densitas cairan

ρ= A.B -(1-T/Tc)^n

Komp A B n Tc
C3H6 0.23314 0.27517 0.30246 364.76
C3H8 0.22151 0.27744 0.287 369.82
C3H6O 0.31226 0.27634 0.29353 428.25
TBA 0.26921 0.2565 0.2737 506.2
TBHP 0.30445 0.26825 0.2857 576

Pipa pemasukan umpan ke Throttle Valve

F = 15622.9461 kg/jam
= 9.56740538 lbm/s
Tumpan = 67.99353182 oC
= 341.1435318 K
Komp kg/jam wi ρi wi/ρi
C3H6 42.1459 0.0027 0.4097 0.0066
C3H8 22.1874 0.0014 0.4099 0.0035
C3H6O 5761.9461 0.3688 0.6990 0.5276
TBA 7900.1014 0.5057 0.7327 0.6902
TBHP 1896.5653 0.1214 0.8429 0.1440
Σ 15622.9461 1.0000 1.3718

#
ρ= 1
1.371837593
= 0.7289 gr/cm3
= 728.9493 kg/m3
= 45.5068 lbm/ft3

qf = 9.56740538 lbm/s
 45.5068 lbm/ft3
= 0.2102 ft3/s

Di,opt = 3.1757 inch = 0.0807 m

Ukuran standar:
D= 4 inch 0.1016 m
ID = 4.026 inch 0.1023 m
OD = 4.5 inch 0.1143 m
SN = 40 inch

Pipa pemasukan dari Throttle Valve ke drum

F = 15622.9461 kg/jam
= 9.5674 lbm/s
Tumpan = 57.7203 o
C
= 330.8703 K
Komp kg/jam wi ρi wi/ρi
C3H6 42.1459 0.002697692 0.4372717 0.00616937
C3H8 22.1874 0.0014201776 0.4337706 0.00327403
C3H6O 5761.9461 0.3688130288 0.7180299 0.51364578
TBA 7900.1014 0.5056729635 0.7450128 0.67874404
TBHP 1896.5653 0.121396138 0.8535177 0.14223038
Σ 15622.9461 1 1.3441

#
ρ= 1
1.3441
= 0.7440 gr/cm3
= 744.0124 kg/m3
= 46.4472 lbm/ft3

qf = 9.5674 lbm/s
46.4472 lbm/ft3
= 0.2060 ft3/s

Di,opt = 3.1550 inch = 0.0801 m

Ukuran standar:
D= 4 inch 0.1016 m
ID = 4.026 inch 0.1023 m
OD = 4.5 inch 0.1143 m
SN = 40 inch

Pipa pengeluaran uap

ρ= 0.1562 lbm/ft3

V= 966.6495 kg/jam
= 0.5920 lbm/s

qf = 0.5920 lbm/s
0.1562 lbm/ft3
= 3.7908 ft3/s

Di,opt = 5.5803 inch = 0.1417 m

# Ukuran standar:
D= 6 inch 0.1524 m
ID = 6.065 inch 0.1541 m
OD = 6.625 inch 0.1683 m
SN = 40 inch
 Pipa pengeluaran cairan

ρ= 46.6455 lbm/ft3

L= 14656.2965 kg/jam
= 8.9754 lbm/s

qf = 8.9754 lbm/s
46.6455 lbm/ft3
= 0.1924 ft3/s 0

Di,opt = 3.0614 inch = 0.0778 m

# Ukuran standar:
D= 3 inch 0.0762 m
ID = 3.068 inch 0.0779 m
OD = 3.5 inch 0.0889 m
SN = 40 inch

Resume
Kondisi operasi :
Suhu : 57.72 oC
Tekanan : 1.1 atm
Spesifikasi :
Drum/shell
- Volume = 3.9195 m3
- ID = 1.0160 m
- OD = 1.0668 m
- L shell= 4.8370 m
- panjang = 5.2868 m
- Tebal = 0.1875 in = 0.0048 m
- material = carbon steel SA 283 grade C
Tipe : Horisontal Head
Jumlah : 1 buah - Type = Torisperical dished head
1. - Tebal = 0.1875 in = 0.0048 m
- Lebar = 8.8534 in = 0.2249 m
- material = carbon steel SA 283 grade C
2. Diameter pipa pemasukan umpan ke trottle valve = 4 in =
Diameter pipa pemasukan umpan ke flash drum = 4 in =
Diameter pipa pengeluaran atas flash drum = 6 in =
Diameter pipa pengeluaran bawah flash drum = 3 in =
3 Lebar Drum= 5.2867587328 m
 psia

mith Van Ness ed 5)

mith Van Ness ed 5)
mith Van Ness ed 5)
mith Van Ness ed 5)
 A -1.942936
-0.130929594 B -0.814894
0.158930294 C -0.17939
D -0.012379
E 0.000386
F 0.00026
nell untuk single butt joint)
lbm/ft3
lbm
m
0.1016 m
0.1016 m
0.1524 m
0.0762 m
Tabel 2 Kern hal 795

Asbestos T isolasi = 42.92631

rho o
F k o
C k= 0.097302
[lb/ft3] [Btu/(hr.ft2.oF/ft)]
29.3 -328 0.043 -200
29.3 32 0.09 0
36 32 0.087 0 T2=
36 212 0.111 100
36 392 0.12 200 k= #DIV/0!
36 752 0.129 400
43.5 -328 0.09 -200
43.5 32 0.135 0

Sifat Fisis Udara ( Apendix A-5 Holman )

T ρ cp μ x 105 ν x 106 k α x 104
K kg/m3 kJ/kg.oC kg/m.s m2/s W/m.oC m2/s Pr
250 1.4128 1.0053 1.599 11.31 0.02227 0.15675 0.722
300 1.1774 1.0057 0.8462 15.69 0.02624 0.2216 0.708
309.613156 1.1429 1.0063 1.0825 16.66 0.02697 0.2363 0.706
2.2538 0.9859 -6.5266 -14.7300 0.0035 -0.2386 0.7740
350 0.998 1.009 2.075 20.76 0.03003 0.2983 0.697

Sifat-sifat logam (Appendix A-2 Holman hal 581)

Baja karbon
T, oC 0 100 200 300 400 600 800
k, W/m.oC 55 52 48 45 42 35 31

T= 57.72035 oC (suhu T1)

k= 53.26839 W/m.oC 30.874359 Btu/hr ft2 (F/ft) 191766.2 J/m.h.C
C (T3)
o
80

C
o

36.46316 oC

1000 1200
29 31
isolator yang digunakan adalah jenis asbestos dengan data-data sebagai berikut : (alasan dipilih asbestos
Є= 0.96
k= 0.12 Btu/hr ft F (kern,1988)

suhu isolator bagian luar T3 = 42.926313 C = 109.2674 F = 569.2674 R =

Suhu rata2 dalam FD(T1) = 57.720346 C = 135.8966 F = 595.8966 R =
Suhu udara luar(Ta) = 30 C = 86 F = 546 R =

suhu film Tf = (T3 + Ta)/2 = 36.463156 C = 97.63368 F = 557.6337 R =

β = 1/ Tf = 0.0017933 R^-1
delta T = T3 - Tf = 11.633681 F

Sifat Fisis udara pada Tf : 309.61316 K

rho 1.1429 kg/m3 = 0.071349415 lb/ft3 (Daftar A-5, J.P.Holman)
cp 1.0063 J/kgC = 0.000240514 Btu/lb F
k 0.0270 W/mC = 0.015631045 Btu/hr ft2 (F/ft) 97.087238 J/m.h.C
miu = 1.08E-05 kg/ms = 0.026184153 lb/ft hr

Asumsi : Sifat-sifat udara tetap

di sekeliling reaktor terjadi konveksi bebas

l3r 2
 g  t Gr = Bilangan Grasshof
Gr 
 2

cp . μ Pr = Bilangan Prandtl
Pr =
k
Raf =Gr . Pr Raf = Bilangan Rayleigh

Bila : 0 . 25 ID = 4.837007
Δt
Raf = 104 - 109
hc=0 . 29
L ( ) cek nilai l :
35/(Gr)^0.25 =
Raf = 109 - 1012 hc=0 . 19 ( Δ t )1/ 3(Mc Adams,1958)
ID/L = 4.534127
hc = koefisien perpindahan panas konveksi ID/L > 35/(Gr)^0.25
l = L = tinggi silinder reaktor : 1.06680 m = 3.5 ft
Gr = 2.7802E+09
Pr = 0.00040
Raf= 1.1201E+06
hc = 0.526995051 Btu/hr ft2 F

Penentuan isolasi dilakukan dengan cara trial

R1 = Jari-jari dalam menara = 0.50800 m = 1.666667
R2 = Jari-jari luar menara = 0.53340 m = 1.75
R3 = Jari-jari menara stlh diisolasi
T1 = Suhu dinding dalam menara = 135.897 F
T1 T2 T3 T3 = Suhu dinding luar menara = 109 F
Ta = Suhu udara luar = 86 F
k1 = konduktivitas dinding Menara = 30.874359 BTU/(hr.ft2) (F/ft)
k2 = konduktivitas panas isolator = 0.09730 BTU/(hr.ft2) (F/ft)

2π L ( T 1 −T a ) 2π L ( T 1 −T 3 )
Q loss= Q'loss=
R R R R
ln 2 ln 3 ln 2 ln 3
R1 R2 R1 R2
1 +
+ + k1 k2
k1 k2 ( hc ) R 3
 2π L ( T 1 −T a ) 2π L ( T 1 −T 3 )
Q loss= Q'loss=
R R R R
ln 2 ln 3 ln 2 ln 3
R1 R2 1
R1 R2
+ + +
k1 k2 ( hc ) R 3 k1 k2

pada keadaan ajeg : Q'loss Qloss

=
2 π L 2 π L
perhitingan Q loss : T1 -Ta = 49.897 F perhitingan Q` loss :
ln (R2/R1) /k1 = 0.0015802811 ln (R2/R1) /k1 =
ln (R3/R2) /k2 = 1.1121378215 ln (R3/R2) /k2 =
1/(hc ) R3 = 0.973103091

Q loss = 23.9103

selisih = 0.0001
 (alasan dipilih asbestos??)

R3
316.07631 K
330.87035 K
303.15 K R2

309.61316 K R1

W=J/s
5, J.P.Holman)

q3
q2
q1
q
T4 = Ta
T1

T3T2
m = 15.86944555 ft

0.1524

asumsi l= L dapat di pakai

rc=kb/ha 0.184636 ft 0.056277 m 5.627709

ft ID reaktor tebal isolasi 0.2 ft 0.06096 m 6.096
ft OD reaktor r3=rc+r2 1.95 ft 0.59436 m 59.436
Qloss 23.9103

T 1 −T 3 )
R
ln 3
R1 R2
+
k2
 T 1 −T 3 )
R
ln 3
R1 R2
+
k2

T1 -T3 = 26.629 F
ln (R2/R1) /k1 = 0.0015802811
ln (R3/R2) /k2 = 1.1121378215

Q' loss = 23.9102

R3

R2

R1

cm
cm
cm