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Types of Flows: Handout 4 CHEE 3363

The document discusses different types of fluid flows. It provides examples of using a concentric circular viscometer and parallel disk rheometer to measure viscosity. It defines key concepts like Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, including power-law, Bingham plastic, thixotropic and rheopectic fluids. It also distinguishes between viscous and inviscid flows, and criteria for laminar and turbulent flows. Videos are referenced to demonstrate viscoelastic, dilatant, laminar and turbulent behaviors.

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Ahmad Sayyedahmad
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79 views11 pages

Types of Flows: Handout 4 CHEE 3363

The document discusses different types of fluid flows. It provides examples of using a concentric circular viscometer and parallel disk rheometer to measure viscosity. It defines key concepts like Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, including power-law, Bingham plastic, thixotropic and rheopectic fluids. It also distinguishes between viscous and inviscid flows, and criteria for laminar and turbulent flows. Videos are referenced to demonstrate viscoelastic, dilatant, laminar and turbulent behaviors.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Sayyedahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of flows

Handout 4
CHEE 3363
Example 5: concentric circular viscometer
Given: A concentric cylinder viscometer contains an inner cylinder of
diameter D = 75 mm and height h = 150 mm in an outer cylinder (clearance
gap width d = 0.02 mm). A torque τ = 0.021 N-m is required to turn the inner
cylinder at a rotation rate ω = 100 rpm.
Find: Viscosity μ of fluid in the gap of the viscometer.
Example 6: parallel disk rheometer
Given: A pair of parallel circular disks of radius R are separated by a gap of
height h filled with a fluid of viscosity μ. The upper disk rotates at a
frequency ω.
Find: Torque τ required to turn the disk.
Learning objectives for lecture

1. Define a power-law fluid.


2. Distinguish the two types of flows in which the viscosity is
time-dependent.
3. Define a viscoelastic fluid and a Bingham plastic.
4. Differentiate viscous from inviscid flows.
5. State the criteria for laminar and turbulent flows.

4
Newtonian fluids
du
τxy =µ
dy

Key idea: stress is proportional to deformation rate

(cue: YouTube video of water)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAKunM_v2ms
Non-Newtonian fluids
Key idea: stress is not proportional to deformation rate
! "n # #n−1
du # du # du du
Power-law model: τxy = k
dy
= k# #
#
dy
#
dy
=η
dy

Pseudoplastic: η < 1 polymer solutions, colloids, paper pulp

Dilatant: η>1 starch, sand

du
Bingham plastic: τxy = τy + µp
dy

Time-dependent apparent viscosity:


Thixotropic: decrease in η with time under constant shear stress

Rheopectic: increase in η with time under constant shear stress

Viscoelastic: partial return to original shape when stress released


Stress versus strain comparison plot
Dilatant fluid: cornstarch / oobleck

University of Chicago (Terry Bigioni, Eric Corwin, Matthias Mobius)


Viscoelastic fluid

(cue: falling viscoelastic drops)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_jFzoYadJ8

(cue: viscoelastic effects)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX6GxoiCneY
Viscous versus inviscid flows
ρV L
Definition of the Reynolds number: Re =
µ
Re > 1 inertial
Re < 1 viscous
low Re movies

microfluidics bacterial motility


Transition from laminar to turbulent

(cue: laminar and turbulent movie)


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nl75BGg9qdA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wNmtle6qkE

laminar: ReD < 2300

turbulent: ReD > 4000

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