COMPANIES

(HARDWARE & SOFTWARE)

HARDWARE COMPANIES
Technological advances in the electronic industry continue to revolutionize communication and
access to information like never before. The companies that design and produce the devices that
keep people connected are some of the most profitable and valuable in the world. Industry such
as Apple, Samsung and IBM are some of the most recognizable brands, but many less-familiar
companies are experiencing rapid growth under the radar, or by simply riding the coattails of the
top companies.

1. APPLE COMPANY

INTODUCTION
Apple Company is founded by Steve JobJobs, Steve Wozniak and Gerald Wayne.in 1976
Headquartered inin Cupertino, California, Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL). Its hardware products
include Mac personal computers, iPod portable media players, iPad tablet computers, iPhone
smartphones and Apple Watch smartwatches. Apple sells its products through retail and online
stores, direct sales and third-party network carriers, wholesalers, retailers and value-added
resellers. As one of the most recognizable and popular brands in the world, Apple has sales of
$199.4 billion and assets of $261.9 billion, and is the most valuable company in the world with a
market capitalization of $621.6 billion as of December 2015.

HISTORY

Apple Computers, Inc. was founded on April 1, 1976, by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, who
brought to the new company a vision of changing the way people viewed computers. Jobs and
Wozniak wanted to make computers small enough for people to have them in their homes or
offices.Jobs and Wozniak started out building the Apple I in Jobs' garage and sold them without
a monitor, keyboard, or casing (which they decided to add on in 1977). The Apple II
revolutionized the computer industry with the introduction of the first-ever color graphics.1 Sales
jumped from $7.8 million in 1978 to $117 million in 1980, the year Apple went public.

Through the rest of the 1980s, Apple was still doing well and in 1990 it posted its highest profits
yet. This was, however, mostly due to the plans that Jobs had already set in motion before he left,
most notably his deal with a tiny company by the name of Adobe, creator of the Adobe Portable
Document Format (PDF). Together the two companies created the phenomenon known as
desktop publishing.

Back in 1985 Sculley turned down an appeal from Microsoft founder Bill Gates to license its
software. This decision would later come back to haunt him because Microsoft, whose Windows
operating system (OS) featured a graphical interface similar to Apple's, became their toughest
competition in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s.

Over the course of a few years, Apple's market share suffered slowly after its peak in 1990 and
by 1996, experts believed the company to be doomed. It was not until 1997, when Apple was
desperately in need of an operating system, that it bought out NeXT Software (Jobs' company)
and the board of directors decided to ask for some help from an old friend: Steve Jobs. Jobs
became an interim CEO, Not long after this decision was the turning point for the company. Jobs
revamped the computers and introduced the iBook (a personal laptop). He also started branching
out into mp3 players (iPod) and media player software (iTunes). This was Jobs' best move yet.
While computers are still an important part of Apple, its music related products (i.e. iPod and
iTunes) have become the company's most profitable sector. Apple has also recently released the
iPhone, a cellular phone, and the Apple TV. While Steve Jobs died October 5, 2011, Apple
continues on with his legacy.

Apple Inc. has pioneered its way through the computer industry—not once, but multiple times
throughout its existence. It believes in pushing the limits of creativity in order to produce
interesting and valuable products for society. After more than 30 years, it is undeniable that
Apple "has had a profound impact on technology, innovating and influencing not only how we
use computers but the activities for which what we use them.
 PRODUCTS

 iPhones.

 iPads.

 iPod nano

 iPod touch

 iPod shuffle.

 iPod Classic

 Macbook Air

 Macbook Pro.

 iMac

 Mac Pro

 Mac mini.

 Apple Watch.

 Apple TV.

 Various accessories, including Beats headphones

2. SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO. LTD.

INTODUCTION
Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. is a South Korean electronics company focusing on producing
mobile electronic devices. Since introducing its first flagship Android phone, the Galaxy S, and
the Galaxy Tab, the first mainstream Android tablet, Samsung has been one of the most
successful tech companies in the world. Samsung makes more smartphones than any other
company in the world. It is also one of the leading producers of HDTVs and home theater
equipment. As of December 2015, Samsung has sales of $195.9 billion, assets of $209.6 billion
and a market capitalization of $187.8 billion.
 HISTORY
Samsung group based in Seoul, is South Korea’s largest business group. Here are key dates in
history of this company.
In 1938 Samsung is founded by Lee Byung-chull as a trading company. In 1953 after the Korean
War, Lee forms profitable Cheil Sugar, which is followed by textile, banking and insurance
enterprises.In 1961despite a political coup, charges against Lee of illegal profiteering and a 1966
family scandal of smuggling, the company grows by diversifying into paper products,
department stores and publishing.
In 1969 Lee, with the help of Sanyo, establishes Samsung Electronics. It produces inexpensive
TVs, microwave ovens and other consumer products for Western companies such as Sears and
General Electric. In 1970s under a government policy of rapid industrialization, Samsung
launches a number of enterprises in ship building, petrochemicals and aircraft engines.In
1980sThe company is exporting electronics under its own name.
In 1983Samsung begins production of personal computers.In 1987 Lee’s son, Lee Kun-hee,
assumes control of Samsung.In 1988 Samsung Semiconductor and Telecommunications merges
with Samsung Electronics. Its core business focus is home appliances, telecommunications and
semiconductors.In 1990 Samsung becomes a world leader in chip production.
In 1994 Samsung Motors is formed.In 1996 Lee Kun-hee is involved in a corruption scandal and
gets a suspended sentence for bribery.In 1998 Samsung completes the development of flat-screen
televisions and begins the first mass production of digital TVs. Samsung Motors delivers its first
cars.In 2005 Samsung develops the first speech-recognition phone.
In 2007 Samsung Group is accused of political bribery and influence-peddling throughout the
South Korean government, judicial branch and the media. In 2012 Samsung Electronics becomes
world’s largest mobile phone-maker by unit sales, overtaking Nokia, the market leader. U.S.
jurors rule Samsung must pay Apple (AAPL) $1.05 billion in damages for violating six Apple
patents on smartphone technology.

PRODUCTS
  LCD and LED panels

 Mobile phones

 Semiconductors

 Televisions

 Digital cinema

 MP3 player

 mono-laser printer ML-1660

 color laser multifunction printer CLX-3185.

 external hard disk drives

 Samsung Laptpops

3. IBM
INTODUCTION
Founded in 1911, New York-based International Business Machines Corp. (NYSE: IBM) started
as a producer of punch-card tabulating machines. IBM launched its first personal computer in
1981 called the IBM PC, which quickly became the industry standard. IBM’s failure to compete
effectively in the rapidly changing personal computer industry led to financial problems in the
1980s, but its focus on business solutions and networking has helped the company remain a
major force in the hardware industry. As of December 2015, IBM has sales of $93.4 billion,
assets of $177.5 billion and a market capitalization of $130.8 billion..

HISTORY

IBM, in full International Business Machines Corporation, leading American computer

manufacturer, with a major share of the market both in the United States and abroad. Its
headquarters are in Armonk, New York. It was incorporated in 1911 as the Computing-
Tabulating-Recording Company in a consolidation of three smaller companies that made punch-
card tabulators and other office products. The company assumed its present name in 1924 under
the leadership of Thomas Watson, a man of considerable marketing skill who became general
manager in 1914 and had gained complete control of the firm by 1924. Watson built the then-
floundering company into the leading American manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems
used by governments and private businesses. He also developed a highly disciplined and
competitive sales force that adapted the company’s custom-built tabulating systems to the needs
of particular customers.

In 1933 IBM purchased Electromatic Typewriters, Inc., and thereby entered the field of electric
typewriters, in which it eventually became an industry leader. During World War II, IBM helped
construct several high-speed electromechanical calculators that were the precursors of electronic
computers By the 1960s it was producing 70 percent of the world’s computers and 80 percent of
those used in the United States.

IBM’s specialty was mainframe computers expensive medium- to large-scale computers that
could process numerical data at great speeds. In 1995 IBM purchased Lotus Development
Corporation, a major software manufacturer.

In 2002 IBM sold its magnetic hard drive business for $2.05 billion to the Japanese electronics
firm of Hitachi, Ltd. Under the terms of the sale, IBM agreed to continue producing hard drives
with Hitachi for three years in a joint venture known as Hitachi Global Storage Technologies. In
2005 Hitachi took full control of the joint venture and IBM stopped building a device that it had
invented in 1956. In addition to producing supercomputers for governments and large
corporations, IBM’s supercomputer division, in cooperation with the Toshiba Corporation and
the Sony Corporation of Japan, designed the Cell Broadband Engine. Developed over a four-year
period beginning in 2001, this advanced computer chip has multiple applications, from
supercomputers to Toshiba high-definition televisions to the Sony Playstation 3 electronic game
system. IBM also designed the computer chips for the Microsoft Corporation Xbox 360 and the
Nintendo Company Wii game systems. IBM became the first company to generate more than
3,000 patents in one year (2001) and, later, more than 4,000 patents in one year (2008). The
company now holds more than 40,000 active patents, which generate considerable income from
royalties.
 PRODUCTS

 Console gaming systems

 Xbox 360(home video game console )

 IBM Secure Blue( encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors,)

 All-flash arrays (designed for small and midsized companies, which includes
software for data compression, provisioning, and snapshots across various systems.)

 IBM System/360

 Mainframe-class computers.

 IBM's AIX

 IBM i OSes

 Linux

 IBM LinuxONE s
 SOFTWARE COMPANIES
Software Engineering specifically means developing software, analysis, design, programming -
creating new software, or maintaining/altering existing software. A software company is an
IT company but an IT company may not be a software company. The software
industry includes businesses for development, maintenance and publication of software that are
using different business models The industry also includes software services, such
as training, documentation, consulting and data recovery.

1. ORACLE CORPORATION

INTRODUCTION

Oracle Corporation, formerly Software Development Laboratories (1977–79), Relational

Software Inc. (1979–82), and Oracle Systems Corporation (1982–95), global corporation that
develops and markets computer software applications for business. The company is best known
for its Oracle database software, a relational database management system, and for computer
systems and software, such as Solaris and Java, acquired in its purchase of Sun Microsystems in
2010. Oracle is based in Redwood Shores, California.

HISTORY

The company, initially called Software Development Laboratories, was founded in 1977
by Larry Ellisonand Bob Miner, computer programmers at the American electronics company
Ampex Corporation, and by Ed Oates, Ellison’s supervisor at Ampex. Inspired by a research
paper written by British-born computer scientist Edgar F. Codd that outlined a relational
database model, Ellison and his colleagues saw commercial potential in the approach, which
organized large amounts of data in a way that allowed for efficient storage and quick retrieval.
The trio set to work developing and marketing a program based on Codd’s data management
theory. In 1979 the company released Oracle, the earliest commercial relational database
program to use Structured Query Language (SQL), and it quickly became popular.Known
for innovation and aggressive marketing, the company, renamed Oracle in 1982 after its flagship
product, grew rapidly throughout the 1980s, going public in 1986. In 1987 Oracle became the
largest database management company in the world.Disappointing earnings in the early 1990s
led to a period of restructuring, and the company faced increasing competition in the database
technology market.The company also stumbled in the mid-1990s with its investment in and vocal
support for the Network Computer (NC).In 2000 Oracle Corporation founded the Oracle Mobile
subsidiary. 2008 was also the year that smart scans in software improved the query-response in
HP Oracle Database Machine/Exadata storage.In 2010 Oracle Corporation acquired Sun
Microsystems and launched Enterprise Manager Operations Centre which was a platform that
managed virtual and physical Sun environments.2013 Oracle entered into an agreement to
purchase BigMachines. Now they are using Oracle 12C which is capable of providing cloud
services with the Oracle Database.

Oracle is known for growth and change, throughout its history Oracle has acquired Database and
Software Applications companies in order to provide more complete solutions to its customers
and increase the credibility of its products. Today Oracle has more than 320,000 customers and
is present in 145 countries making it one of the elite companies in its field.

PRODUCTS

 Eloqua
 Endeca
 Instantis
 JD Edwards
 NetSuite
 Oracle CRM On Demand
 Oracle Construction and Engineering
 Oracle E-Business Suite
 Oracle Hospitality
 Oracle Hyperion
 Oracle Supply Chain Management
  Primavera
 Prime Projects
 PeopleSoft
 Siebel
 Taleo
 Dyn

2. MICROSOFT CORPORATION

INTRODUCTION

Microsoft Corporation, leading developer of personal-computersoftware systems and

applications. The company also publishes books and multimedia titles, produces its own line of
hybrid tablet computers, offers e-mail services, and sells electronic game systems, computer
peripherals (input/output devices), and portable media players. It has sales offices throughout the
world. In addition to its main research and developmentcentre at its corporate headquarters in
Redmond, Washington, U.S., Microsoft operates research labs in Cambridge, England (1997);
Beijing, China (1998); Sadashivnagar, Bangalore, India (2005); Santa Barbara, California
(2005); Cambridge, Massachusetts (2008); New York, New York (2012); and Montreal, Canada
(2015).

HISTORY

In 1975 Bill Gates and Paul G. Allen, two boyhood friends from Seattle, converted BASIC, a
popular mainframe computer programming language, for use on an early personal computer
(PC), the Altair. Shortly afterward, Gates and Allen founded Microsoft, deriving the name from
the words microcomputer and software. During the next few years, they refined BASIC and
developed other programming languages. In 1980 International Business Machines Corporation
(IBM) asked Microsoft to produce the essential software, or operating system, for its first
personal computer, the IBM PC. Microsoft purchased an operating system from another
company, modified it, and renamed it MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System). MS-DOS
was released with the IBM PC in 1981. Thereafter, most manufacturers of personal computers
licensed MS-DOS as their operating system, generating vast revenues for Microsoft; by the early
1990s it had sold more than 100 million copies of the program and defeated rival operating
systems such as CP/M, which it displaced in the early 1980s, and later IBM OS/2. Microsoft
deepened its position in operating systems with Windows, a graphical user interface whose third
version, released in 1990, gained a wide following. By 1993, Windows 3.0 and its subsequent
versions were selling at a rate of one million copies per month, and nearly 90 percent of the
world’s PCs ran on a Microsoft operating system. In 1995 the company released Windows 95,
which for the first time fully integrated MS-DOS with Windows and effectively matched in ease
of use Apple Computer’s Mac OS. Microsoft also became the leader in productivity software
such as word-processing and spreadsheet programs, outdistancing longtime rivals Lotus and
WordPerfect in the process.

Microsoft is an unusual company for the sheer number of product lines that bring in more than a
billion dollars. While the company doesn't break out revenues for all of its product lines,
Communications Director Frank Shaw famously revealed Microsoft's billion-dollar businesses to
the TechFlash news blog last year. Under those businesses, of course, are Microsoft's most
important product lines.

PRODUCTS
 Windows
 Office
 Exchange
 SharePoint
 SQL Server
 Windows Server
 Visual Studio
 Xbox
 Bing
 Dynamics
 System Center
 Skype
  Windows Azure

3. NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

INTRODUCTION

NetSol Technologies As a US based provider with a vision to create superior technology

solutions. Relentlessly following our vision we now stand as one of the global leaders in IT
Services and Enterprise Solutions. Delivering quality and customization for over a period of four
decades, we offer superior IT solutions that help streamline the operational needs of your
business. With more than 150 Satisfied clients in over 30 countries and 250 implementations
Globally, we understand the value of customizability and strive to continually deliver
unprecedented solutions which cater Directly to your business needs
Inc. (NASDAQ: NTWK) started its journey.

HISTORY

NetSol Technologies, Inc. was founded in the year 1995 by three brothers; Salim Ghauri, Najeeb
Ghauri, and Naeem Ghauri, each of whom was a successful professional in his own right. Having
started out with humble beginnings in the city of Lahore, NetSol soon grew to a sizable business
having operations in Australia, China, Pakistan, Thailand, UK, and a headquarters in California,
USA. In 1996 NetSol got its big break, when it was awarded a major offshore contract with
Mercedes Benz Thailand, many more such contracts were to follow. Focusing on quality NetSol
went on to attain the ISO 9001 and ISO 27001 certifications in 1998 and 2008 respectively, and
in 2006 it achieved CMMI Level 5 certification, a distinction shared by fewer than 100
companies worldwide. NetSol was also the first US Company to dual list on both the NASDAQ
Capital Market and the Dubai International Financial Exchange DIFX, which became NASDAQ
Dubai in 2008.
 PRODUCTS

Ascent possesses incomparable computing power with three dynamic and programmable work
engines for managing the most complex of leasing/financing cycles; from quotation origination
through to the completion of the contract, at any level of complexity. Ascent is the sum of
different applications, each of which is a solution to a particular problem in itself, however when
combined, Ascent is the leasing tool for the future. It takes complexity out of the user
experience, delivering a simplified, user-friendly web based application which is unique and
perceptive at any volume level.