History NeoClassism
History NeoClassism
History NeoClassism
ARCHITECTURE
REVISION OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
• Revival and development of certain elements of Classical Greek and Roman
Thoughts and culture.
• 5 orders were used during the Renaissance, namely Doric, ionic, Corinthian,
Tuscan and Composite.
• Semi- Circular Arches, Barrel Vaults and Domes (First Brick domes later Concrete
domes)
• Modular latin cross plan, later circular themed plans were proposed.
• Ashlar Masonary at external walls and white chalk paint and frescos in interior.
REVISION OF BAROQUE AND ROCOCO ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
• Color and Light contrasted
• Rich Textures
• Asymmetrical Spaces
• Diagonal Plans
• They started to make bold, curving, and not at all symmetrical buildings, with
ornate decorations.
• They started to make curving facades, and used the double curve (in at the sides,
out in the middle) on many different buildings.
• Its art and architecture, often used to express emotion, & was very elaborate.
• It derived the architectural style from Vitruvian Principles and the Architecture of
Italian Architect Andrea Palladio.
Monumental Architecture
During the late 18th and early 19th centuries many of the foundational buildings of
the United States government were constructed. The U.S. also looked back to
antiquity as its prototype for a new democratic system.
NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE
Monumental Architecture
• For most of history, temples and palaces served as the leading forms of
monumental architecture.
• During the Neoclassical era, these building types were gradually replaced by
government buildings (e.g. courts, public service buildings, schools) and
commercial buildings (e.g. office and apartment buildings, performing arts
centers, transportation terminals).
• Today, government and commercial buildings dominate cityscapes all over the
world.
NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTS
2. Claude Perrault
3. Robert Adam
4. Henri Labrouste
5. Robert Smirke
• Temple Style
• Palladian Style
• Classical Block
TYPES OF NEOCLASSICAL BUILDINGS
• Temple Style: features a design based on an ancient temple. Many temple style
buildings feature a peristyle (a continuous line of columns around a building).
• The monumental South entrance, with its stairs, colonnade and pediment, was
intended to reflect the wondrous objects housed inside.
• The east and west residences (to the left and right of the entrance) have a
more modest exterior. This is an example of mid-nineteenth century domestic
architecture and reflects the domestic purpose of these wings. They housed the
Museum’s employees, who originally lived on site.
• Palladian: Andrea Palladio was an Italian architect who admired ancient Roman
architecture. His influence is still seen today and he is the best known neo-
classical architect in the western world. A well known Palladian detail is a large
window consisting of a central arched section flanked by two narrow rectangular
sections.
Palladian Window
PALLADIAN ARCHITECTURE
Andrea Palladio (1508 - 1580)
• He wrote 4 books:
Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen
Campbell 1715), Palladio's
Four Books of Architecture
(1715), De Re Aedificatoria
(1726) and The Designs of
Inigo Jones... with Some
Additional Designs (1727).
EXAMPLES OF PALLADIAN ARCHITECTURE
Villa Rotunda: One of his most famous residential design. It is square in plan with
central 2 storey Rotunda. The central domed space radiated out to the 4 porticoes and
to the elegantly proportioned rooms in the corner.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PALLADIAN ARCHITECTURE
• Highly Symmetrical.
• It is divided into three distinct sets of bays; the central section is a four-columned,
blind triumphal arch (based on the Arch of Constantine in Rome) containing one
large, pedimented glass door reached from the rusticated ground floor by an
external, curved double staircase.
KEDLESTON HALL, ENGLAND
• Twenty fluted alabaster columns with Corinthian capitals support the heavily decorated,
high-coved cornice.
• Niches in the walls contain classical statuary; above the niches are grisaille panels.
• The floor is of inlaid Italian marble. Matthew Paine's original designs for this room intended
for it to be lit by conventional windows at the northern end, but Adam, warming to the
Roman theme, did away with the distracting windows and lit the whole from the roof
through innovative glass skylights.
NEOCLASSICAL PALLADIAN STYLE BUILDING
• Classical block: features a vast rectangular (or square) plan, with a flat roof and
an exterior rich in classical detail. The exterior is divided into multiple levels, each
of which features a repeated classical pattern, often a series of arches and/or
columns. The overall impression of such a building is an enormous, classically-
decorated rectangular block.
• Between 1838 and 1850, a building for the Sainte-Geneviève Library was
designed and constructed under the direction of the architect Henri Labrouste.