a.

Generate the following descriptive statistics to show the demographic profile of

respondents in the survey.

i. Mean age of teachers (Construct1_Age) who participated in this survey from

the 4 different schools (Construct1_Schools). Describe the output;
[3 marks]

Report
Age of teachers

Schools which participated Mean N Std. Deviation

in the survey

School A 41.32 31 9.271

School B 42.10 48 12.480
School C 42.52 29 13.973
School D 41.67 12 11.555
Total 41.96 120 11.903

Min umur bagi kesemua 120 guru di semua sekolah ialah 41.96 dengan sisihan piawai 11.903.
Min umur tertinggi ialah daripada sekolah C iaitu 42.52 dengan sisihan piawai 13.973. Min
umur kedua tertinggi ialah sekolah B iaitu 42.10 dengan sisihan piawai 12.480. Seterusnya
diikuti dengan sekolah D dengan nilai min 41.67 dan sisihan piawainya 11.555. Sekolah A
mencatat min umur terendah iaitu 41.32 dengan sisihan piawai 9.271.

ii. The number and percentage of teachers from the 4 schools (Construct1_Schools) who
participated in the survey by Public and Private Schools classification
(Construct1_Type_of_Schools). Use the crosstabulation procedure. Describe the
output;
 Schools which participated in the survey * Classification by Public School and Private School Crosstabulation

Classification by Public School and Total

Private School

Public School Private School

Count 16 15 31

% within Schools which 51.6% 48.4% 100.0%

participated in the survey
School A % within Classification by 28.6% 23.4% 25.8%
Public School and Private
School

% of Total 13.3% 12.5% 25.8%

Count 20 28 48

% within Schools which 41.7% 58.3% 100.0%

participated in the survey
School B % within Classification by 35.7% 43.8% 40.0%
Public School and Private
School

Schools which participated in % of Total 16.7% 23.3% 40.0%

the survey Count 13 16 29

% within Schools which 44.8% 55.2% 100.0%

participated in the survey
School C % within Classification by 23.2% 25.0% 24.2%
Public School and Private
School

% of Total 10.8% 13.3% 24.2%

Count 7 5 12

% within Schools which 58.3% 41.7% 100.0%

participated in the survey
School D % within Classification by 12.5% 7.8% 10.0%
Public School and Private
School

% of Total 5.8% 4.2% 10.0%

Count 56 64 120
Total % within Schools which 46.7% 53.3% 100.0%
participated in the survey
 % within Classification by 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Public School and Private
School

% of Total 46.7% 53.3% 100.0%

Mulakan dengan total. Kalau private paling banyak ialah school mana diikuti dengan school
mana. Kalau Public paling banyak ialah….

Soalan e

Is there siginificant difference in 4 school with principlas relation ship – there is a significan

Descriptives
Principal-teacher relationship

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Minimum Maximum
Mean

Lower Bound Upper Bound

School A 31 4.0938 .54797 .09842 3.8928 4.2947 3.09 5.00

School B 48 3.9182 .68096 .09829 3.7205 4.1159 2.23 5.00
School C 29 3.5663 .74504 .13835 3.2829 3.8497 2.07 4.91
School D 12 3.6780 .78651 .22705 3.1782 4.1777 2.20 4.73
Total 120 3.8545 .69754 .06368 3.7284 3.9806 2.07 5.00

Huraikan mean setiap sekolah dengan standard deviation. Kala

 ANOVA
Principal-teacher relationship

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 4.751 3 1.584 3.457 .019

Within Groups 53.149 116 .458
Total 57.901 119

4 schools – leadership

Descriptives
Leadership styles

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Minimum Maximum
Mean

Lower Bound Upper Bound

School A 31 3.7139 .77498 .13919 3.4296 3.9981 2.23 4.92

School B 48 3.4843 .82827 .11955 3.2438 3.7248 1.99 5.00
School C 29 3.2743 .74319 .13801 2.9916 3.5569 2.07 4.60
School D 12 3.0558 .88941 .25675 2.4907 3.6209 1.47 4.45
Total 120 3.4500 .81686 .07457 3.3023 3.5977 1.47 5.00

ANOVA
Leadership styles

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 4.975 3 1.658 2.585 .057

Within Groups 74.428 116 .642
Total 79.403 119

Lebih 0.05 bermaksud ada siginifikan.

 iii. Public school – Principal – teacher relationship

Group Statistics

Classification by Public School and Private School N

Public School 56
Principal-teacher relationship
Private School 64

Explain mean dengan standard

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for t-test for Equality of Means

Equality of Variances

F Sig. t df Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence

tailed) Difference Difference Interval of the
Difference

Lower Upper

Equal variances .437 .510 .368 118 .714 .04708 .12810 -.20660 .30076
Principal-
assumed
teacher
Equal variances .366 113.97 .715 .04708 .12856 -.20760 .30177
relationship
not assumed 6
Tidak terdapat perbezaan antara jenis sekolah dengan hubungan pengetua dan guru.

iv.

Group Statistics

Classification by Public N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

School and Private School

Public School 56 3.4659 .83191 .11117

Leadership styles
Private School 64 3.4361 .80979 .10122

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for t-test for Equality of Means

Equality of
Variances

F Sig. t df Sig. (2- Mean Std. 95% Confidence

tailed) Differen Error Interval of the
ce Differen Difference
ce Lower Upper

Equal .010 .920 .199 118 .843 .02980 .15008 -.26739 .32699
variances
Leadershi assumed
p styles Equal .198 114. .843 .02980 .15035 -.26801 .32761
variances not 996
assumed

Cannot be rejected
Tidak terdapat perbezaan persepsi guru sekolah swasta dan kerajaan terhadap leadership.

f. Run a correlation analysis

 Correlations

Principal- Leadership Organisation Motivation Communicati

teacher styles al climate level on with
relationship teachers

Pearson 1 .653** .393** .584** .655**

Principal-teacher Correlation

relationship Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000

N 120 120 120 120 120

Pearson .653** 1 .530** .616** .808**
Correlation
Leadership styles
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 120 120 120 120 120
Pearson .393** .530** 1 .496** .586**
Correlation
Organisational climate
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 120 120 120 120 120
Pearson .584** .616** .496** 1 .576**
Correlation
Motivation level
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
N 120 120 120 120 120
Pearson .655** .808** .586** .576** 1
Communication with
Correlation
teachers
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000
 N 120 120 120 120 120

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

G.