Term paper of computer networking

(Design wireless network)

x.y.z.

Abstract: this document tells us various techniques to design a

about wireless network and computer wireless network
Keywords—wireless networks,
connecting devices, switches,
hubs.
(optical fiber, copper plant, Cat5
cabling etc) are almost entirely owned
(by the campus tenant / owner: an
Campus network enterprise, university, government etc).

A campus network is a computer In the case of a university campus-

network made up of an interconnection based campus network, the network is
of local area networks (LANs) within a likely to link a variety of campus
limited geographical area. The buildings including; academic
networking equipments (switches, departments, the university library and
routers) and transmission media student residence halls.

•
•

Introduction

A computer network allows sharing of States Department of Defence. It was

resources and information among the first operational computer network
devices connected to the network. The in the world. Development of the
Advanced Research Projects Agency network began in 1969, based on
(ARPA) funded the design of the designs developed during the 1960s.
Advanced Research Projects Agency For a history see ARPANET, the first
Network (ARPANET) for the United network

.
Purpose printer are connected to a
network, each user can then
access the laser printer on the
• Facilitating communications.
network, as they need it.
Using a network, people can
communicate efficiently and • Sharing files, data, and
easily via e-mail, instant information. In a network
messaging, chat rooms, environment, any authorized
telephony, video telephone user can access data and
calls, and videoconferencing. information stored on other
computers on the network.
• Sharing hardware. In a
The capability of providing
networked environment, each
access to data and information
computer on a network can
on shared storage devices is
access and use hardware on
an important feature of many
the network. Suppose several
networks.
personal computers on a
network each require the use • Sharing software. Users
of a laser printer. If the connected to a network can
personal computers and a laser access application programs
on the network.

Wireless technologies frequency radio technology

similar to digital cellular and a
low-frequency radio
• Communications Satellites –
technology. Wireless LANs
The satellites use microwave
use spread spectrum
radio as their
technology to enable
telecommunications medium
communication between
which are not deflected by the
multiple devices in a limited
Earth's atmosphere. The
area. An example of open-
satellites are stationed in
standards wireless radio-wave
space, typically 22,000 miles
technology is IEEE 802.11b.
(for geosynchronous satellites)
above the equator. These
Earth-orbiting systems are • Bluetooth – A short range
capable of receiving and wireless technology. Operate
relaying voice, data, and TV at approx.
signals. • 1Mbps with range from 10 to
100 meters. Bluetooth is an
• Wireless LANs – Wireless open wireless protocol for
local area network use a high-
 data exchange over short A local area network (LAN) is a
distance. network that connects computers and
devices in a limited geographical area
such as home, school, computer
laboratory, office building, or closely
positioned group of buildings. Each
computer or device on the network is a
node. Current wired LANs are most
TYPES OF NETWORK likely to be based on Ethernet
technology, although new standards
Local area network like ITU-T G.hn also provide a way to
create a wired LAN using existing
home wires (coaxial cables, phone lines
and power lines).

media such as telephone lines, cables,

Wide area network and air waves. A WAN often uses
transmission facilities provided by
A wide area network (WAN) is a common carriers, such as telephone
computer network that covers a large companies. WAN technologies
geographic area such as a city, country, generally function at the lower three
or spans even intercontinental layers of the OSI reference model: the
distances, using a communications physical layer, the data link layer, and
channel that combines many types of the network layer

Basic hardware components

All networks are made up of basic Network Interface Cards (NICs),

hardware building blocks to Bridges, Hubs, Switches, and Routers.
interconnect network nodes, such as In addition, some method of connecting
these building blocks is required, in IEEE 802.12) or optical cable
usually in the form of galvanic cable ("optical fiber"). An Ethernet card may
(most commonly Category 5 cable). also be require
Less common are microwave links (as

Network interface cards

A network card, network adapter, or physical access to a networking

NIC (network interface card) is a piece medium and often provides a low-level
of computer hardware designed to addressing system through the use of
allow computers to communicate over MAC addresses.
a computer network. It provides

Repeaters

A repeater is an electronic device that distances without degradation. In most

receives a signal, cleans it from the twisted pair Ethernet configurations,
unnecessary noise, regenerates it and repeaters are required for cable which
retransmits it at a higher power level, runs longer than 100 meters. Repeaters
or to the other side of an obstruction, so work on the Physical Layer of the OSI
that the signal can cover longer model.

Hubs

A network hub contains multiple ports. hub for transmission. The destination
When a packet arrives at one port, it is address in the frame is not changed to a
copied unmodified to all ports of the
broadcast address. It works on the
Physical Layer of the OSI model.

Bridges

A network bridge connects multiple as hubs do, but learn which MAC
network segments at the data link layer addresses are reachable through
(layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges do specific ports. Once the bridge
send broadcasts to all ports except the associates a port and an address, it will
one on which the broadcast was send traffic for that address to that port
received. However, bridges do not only.
promiscuously copy traffic to all ports,

Switches

A network switch is a device that breaks the collision domain but

forwards and filters OSI layer 2 data represents itself a broadcast domain.
grams (chunk of data communication) The basis of MAC addresses. A switch
between ports (connected cables) based normally has numerous ports,
on the MAC addresses in the packets. facilitating a star. The term switch is
This is distinct from a hub in that it used loosely in marketing to
only forwards the frames to the ports encompass devices including routers
involved in the communication rather and bridges, as well as devices that
than all ports connected. A switch may distribute traffic on load or by
application content (e.g., a Web URL
identifier

).

Routers

A router is a networking device that network address. The subnets in the

forwards packets between networks router do not necessarily map one-to-
using information in protocol headers one to the physical interfaces of the
and forwarding tables to determine the router. The term "layer 3 switching" is
best next router for each packet. used often interchangeably with the
term "routing". The term switching is
Routers connect two or more logical generally used to refer to data
subnets, which do not share a common forwarding between two networks

Campus Wireless Network Requirements

Home users normally use wireless Equivalency Privacy (WEP) protocol,
networking to obtain more both widely available on low-cost
comprehensive access to the Internet or commercial access points. While MAC
to share files and printers. The small addresses filtering restricts wireless
number of devices connected to the network access to specific devices,
home wireless network makes it WEP allows authentication and secure
feasible to implement simple transmissions between the access point
authentication and security schemas and any device who share the same
like medium access control (MAC) secret key.
addresses filtering or the Wired

Table 1. Home Corporat Campus

Issues and e
Concerns
with
Different
Types of
Wireless
Local Area
Network
 Requiremen
t

Security of Low High High

Transmissio
ns

Manageme Low Medium High

nt Issues /
Policy

Secure Low Low High

Physical
Access

Variety of Low Low High

Users

Coverage Low Low/Me High

dium

Usage Low Medium/ Medium/

pattern High High
(peak)

devices that share a common network address. This is also called layer 2 switching or
LAN switching.

Cost
The financial data available from the labour costs for installation only.
campus wireless network deployment Planning, backhaul or wired backbone
Estimated costs to deploy a campus costs, software or hardware upgrade
wireless network are $600 per access costs are not included. Additional costs
point with power over Ethernet. This are associated to user and security
estimate includes the networking management and are dependent of the
equipment, power and data cable, and implementation scale

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Term Paper to bring out my creative

First and foremost I thank my Miss capabilities. I am also thankful to him
Komal Walia who has given me this for their valuable suggestions on my
term paper.

I express my gratitude to my parents My heartfelt gratitude to my friends,

for being continuous source of for helping me morally to complete my
encouragement and for their entire work in time.
financial ad given to me.
REFERENCES:

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network

2. http://cv.nrao.edu

3. www.networkingworld.com/ISDN