User Manual: Redundancy Configuration Industrial ETHERNET (Gigabit) Switch RS20/RS30/RS40, MS20/MS30, OCTOPUS

User Manual
Redundancy Configuration
Industrial ETHERNET (Gigabit) Switch
RS20/RS30/RS40, MS20/MS30, OCTOPUS
Redundanz L2E Technische Unterstützung

Release 5.0 04/09 [email protected]
The naming of copyrighted trademarks in this manual, even when not specially indicated, should
not be taken to mean that these names may be considered as free in the sense of the trademark
and tradename protection law and hence that they may be freely used by anyone.
© 2009 Hirschmann Automation and Control GmbH
Manuals and software are protected by copyright. All rights reserved. The copying, reproduction,
translation, conversion into any electronic medium or machine scannable form is not permitted,
either in whole or in part. An exception is the preparation of a backup copy of the software for
your own use. For devices with embedded software, the end-user license agreement on the en-
closed CD applies.
The performance features described here are binding only if they have been expressly guaran-
teed in the contract. This publication has been created by Hirschmann Automation and Control
GmbH according to the best of our knowledge. Hirschmann reserves the right to change the con-
tents of this manual without prior notice. Hirschmann can give no guarantee in respect of the
correctness or accuracy of the details in this publication.
Hirschmann can accept no responsibility for damages, resulting from the use of the network
components or the associated operating software. In addition, we refer to the conditions of use
specified in the license contract.
Printed in Germany
Hirschmann Automation and Control GmbH
Stuttgarter Str. 45-51
72654 Neckartenzlingen
Germany
Tel.: +49 1805 141538
Rel. 5.0-01-0409 – 30.4.09

Content
Content
Content 3
About this Manual 5
Key 6
1 Introduction 9
1.1 Overview of Redundancy Procedure 10
2 Ring Redundancy 11
2.1 Example of HIPER-Ring 13
2.1.1 Setting up and configuring the HIPER-Ring 15
2.2 Example of MRP-Ring 19
3 Ring/Network coupling 25
3.1 Variants of the ring/network coupling 26
3.2 Preparing a Ring/Network coupling 28
3.2.1 STAND-BY switch 28
3.2.2 One-Switch coupling 31
3.2.3 Two-Switch coupling 37
3.2.4 Two-Switch coupling with control line 45
4 Rapid Spanning Tree 53

4.1 The Spanning Tree Protocol 55
4.1.1 The tasks of the STP 55
4.1.2 Bridge parameters 56
4.1.3 Bridge Identifier 56
4.1.4 Root Path Costs 57
4.1.5 Port Identifier 58
4.2 Rules for creating the tree structure 59
4.2.1 Bridge information 59
4.2.2 Setting up the tree structure 59
4.3 Example of specifying the root paths 61
4.4 Example of manipulating the root paths 63
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 3
Content
4.5 Example of manipulating the tree structure 65

4.6 The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 66
4.6.1 Port roles 66
4.6.2 Port states 68
4.6.3 Spanning Tree Priority Vector 68
4.6.4 Fast reconfiguration 69
4.6.5 Configuring the Rapid Spanning Tree 70
4.7 Combination of RSTP and MRP 78
4.7.1 Application example for the combination of RSTP and MRP 79
A Readers’ comments 83
B Index 85
C Further support 87
Redundanz L2E
4 Release 5.0 04/09
About this Manual
About this Manual
The “Redundancy Configuration” user manual contains all the information

you need to select a suitable redundancy procedure and configure it.
The “Basic Configuration” user manual contains all the information you need
to start operating the device. It takes you step by step from the first startup
operation through to the basic settings for operation in your environment.
The “Installation” user manual contains a device description, safety instruc-

tions, a description of the display, and all the other information that you need
to install the device before you begin with the configuration of the device.
The “Industry Protocols” user manual describes how the device is connected
by means of a communication protocol commonly used in the industry, such
as EtherNet/IP and PROFINET.
The "Web-based Interface" reference manual contains detailed information

on using the Web interface to operate the individual functions of the device.
The "Command Line Interface" reference manual contains detailed informa-

tion on using the Command Line Interface to operate the individual functions
of the device.
The Network Management Software HiVision/Industrial HiVision provides

you with additional options for smooth configuration and monitoring:
X Configuration of multiple devices simultaneously.
X Graphical interface with network layouts.
X Auto-topology discovery.
X Event log.
X Event handling.
X Client / Server structure.
X Browser interface
X ActiveX control for SCADA integration
X SNMP/OPC gateway
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 5
Key
Key
The designations used in this manual have the following meanings:
X List
Work step
Subheading
Link Indicates a cross-reference with a stored link
Note: A note emphasizes an important fact or draws your
attention to a dependency.
Courier ASCII representation in user interface
Execution in the Web-based Interface user interface
Execution in the Command Line Interface user interface
Symbols used:
Router with firewall
Switch with firewall
Router
Switch
Bridge
Hub
Redundanz L2E
6 Release 5.0 04/09
Key
A random computer
Configuration Computer
Server
PLC -
Programmable logic
controller
I/O -
Robot
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 7
Key
Redundanz L2E
8 Release 5.0 04/09
Introduction
1 Introduction
The device contains a range of redundancy functions:

X HIPER-Ring
X MRP-Ring
X Ring/Network Coupling
X Rapid Spanning Tree Algorithm (RSTP)
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 9
Introduction 1.1 Overview of Redundancy Procedure
1.1 Overview of
Redundancy Procedure
Redundancy Network topology Switching time

procedure
RSTP Random structure typically < 1 s (STP < 30 s), up to < 30 s - depends
heavily on the number of devices
Note: Up to 79 devices possible, depending on topology and configuration. If
the default values are being used, up to 39 devices are possible, depending on
the topology (see page 53).
HIPER-Ring Ring typically 80 ms, up to < 500 ms - practically indepen-
dently of the number of devices
MRP-Ring Ring typically 80 ms, up to < 500 ms - practically indepen-
dently of the number of devices
Note: In combination with RSTP in MRP compatibility mode, up to 39 devices
are possible, depending on the configuration. If the default values for RSTP are
being used, up to 19 devices are possible (see page 53).
Redundant Coupling of network typically 150 ms, up to < 500ms
coupling segment/rings via a
main line and a
redundant line
Table 1: Comparison of the redundancy procedures
Note: Informations concerning the switching time you can find on the
Hirschmann internet site (www.hirschmann-ac.com) at the end of the product
site.
Redundanz L2E
10 Release 5.0 04/09
Ring Redundancy
2 Ring Redundancy
The concept of ring redundancy allows the construction of high-availability,

ring-shaped network structures.
With the help of the RM (Ring Manager) function, the two ends of a backbone
in a line structure can be closed to a redundant ring. The ring manager keeps
the redundant line open as long as the line structure is intact. If a segment
fails, the ring manager immediately closes the redundant line, and line
structure is intact again.
Figure 1: Line structure
RM
Figure 2: Redundant ring structure

RM = Ring Manager
—— main line
- - - redundant line
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 11
Ring Redundancy
If a section is down, the ring structure of a

X HIPER-(HIGH PERFORMANCE REDUNDANCY) Ring with up to 50 de-
vices typically transforms back to a line structure within 80 ms (setting:
standard/accelerated).
X MRP (Media Redundancy Protocol) Ring (IEC 62439) of up to 50 devices
typically transforms back to a line structure within 80 ms (adjustable to
max. 200 ms/500 ms).
Device requirements for using the HIPER-Ring function:

X Within a HIPER-Ring, you can use any combination of the following
devices:
– RS1
– RS2-./.
– RS2-16M
– RS2-4R
– RS20, RS30, RS40
– RSR20, RSR30
– OCTOPUS
– MICE
– MS20, MS30
– Power MICE
– MACH 100
– MACH 1000
– MACH 3000
– MACH 4000
X Within an MRP-Ring, you can use devices that support the MRP protocol
based on IEC62439.
Note: Enabled Ring Redundancy methods on a device are mutually exclu-

sive at any one time. When changing to another Ring Redundancy method,
deactivate the function for the time being.
Note: The following usage of the term “ring manager” instead of “redundancy
manager” makes the function easier to understand.
Redundanz L2E
12 Release 5.0 04/09
Ring Redundancy 2.1 Example of HIPER-Ring
2.1 Example of HIPER-Ring
A network contains a backbone in a line structure with 3 devices. To increase

the redundancy reliability of the backbone, you have decided to convert the
line structure to a HIPER-Ring. You use ports 1 and 2 in module 1 of the
devices to connect the lines.
1 2 3
1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2
RM
Figure 3: Example of HIPER-Ring

RM = Ring Manager
—— main line
The following example configuration describes the configuration of the ring

manager device (1). The two other devices (2 to 3) are configured in the
same way, but without activating the ring manager function. Select the
“Standard” value for the ring recovery, or leave the field empty.
Note: As an alternative to using software to configure the HIPER-Ring, with

devices RS20/30/40 and MS20/30 you can also use a DIP switch to enter a
number of settings. You can also use a DIP switch to enter a setting for
whether the configuration via DIP switch or the configuration via software has
priority. The state on delivery is “Software Configuration”.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 13
Note: Configure all the devices of the HIPER-Ring individually. Before you
connect the redundant line, you must complete the configuration of all the
devices of the HIPER-Ring. You thus avoid loops during the configuration
phase.
Redundanz L2E
14 Release 5.0 04/09
2.1.1 Setting up and configuring the HIPER-Ring

Set up the network to meet your requirements.
You configure all 6 ports so that the transmission speed and the duplex
settings of the lines correspond to the following table:
Bit rate 100 Mbit/s 1000 Mbit/s

Autonegotiation off on
(automatic configuration)
Port on on
Duplex Full –
Table 2: Port settings for ring ports
Select the Redundancy:Ring Redundancy dialog.

Under “Version”, select HIPER-Ring.
Define the desired ring ports 1 and 2 by making the corresponding
entries in the module and port fields. If it is not possible to enter a
module, then there is only one module in the device that is taken
over as a default.
Display in “Operation” field:
– active: This port is switched on and has a link.
– inactive: This port is switched off or it has no link.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 15
Figure 4: Ring Redundancy dialog
Activate the ring manager for this device. Do not activate the ring
manager for any other device in the HIPER-Ring.
In the “Ring Recovery” frame, select the value “Standard” (default).
Note: Settings in the “Ring Recovery” frame are only effective for
devices that you have configured as ring managers.
Click on “Set” to temporarily save the entry in the configuration.
Redundanz L2E
16 Release 5.0 04/09
enable Switch to the Privileged EXEC mode.

configure Switch to the Configuration mode.
hiper-ring mode ring-manager Select the HIPER-Ring ring redundancy and de-
fine the device as ring manager.
Switch's HIPER Ring mode set to ring-manager
hiper-ring port primary 1/1 Define port 1 in module 1 as ring port 1.
HIPER Ring primary port set to 1/1
hiper-ring port secondary 1/2 Define port 2 in module 1 as ring port 2.
HIPER Ring secondary port set to 1/2
exit Switch to the privileged EXEC mode.
show hiper-ring Display the HIPER-Ring parameters.
HIPER Ring Mode of the Switch.................. ring-manager
configuration determined by.................. management
HIPER Ring Primary Port of the Switch.......... 1/1, state active
HIPER Ring Secondary Port of the Switch........ 1/2, state active
HIPER Ring Redundancy Manager State............ active
HIPER Ring Redundancy State (red. guaranteed).. no (rm is active)
HIPER Ring Setup Info (Config. failure)........ no error
HIPER Ring Recovery Delay...................... 500ms
Now proceed in the same way for the other two devices.
Note: If you have configured VLANS, note the VLAN configuration of the ring
ports.
In the configuration of the HIPER-Ring, you select for the ring ports
– VLAN ID 1 and
– VLAN membership Untagged in the static VLAN table
Note: Deactivate the Spanning Tree protocol on the ports connected to the
HIPER-Ring because Spanning Tree and Ring Redundancy affect each oth-
er. If you enable the HIPER-Ring function by means of the DIP switch,
RSTP will be disabled automatically.
Now you connect the line to the ring. To do this, you connect the two
devices to the ends of the line using their ring ports.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 17
The displays in the “Redundancy Manger Status” frame mean:

– “Active (redundant line)”: The ring is open, which means that a data
line or a network component within the ring is down.
– “Inactive”: The ring is closed, which means that the data lines and
network components are working.
The displays in the “Information” frame mean
– “Redundancy existing”: One of the lines affected by the function can
fail, whereby the redundant line will then take over the function of the
failed line.
– “Configuration failure”: The function is incorrectly configured or there
is an error in the ring port connection.
Note: When you use the DIP switch to switch from a normal port to a ring
port, the device makes the required settings for the pre-defined ring ports in
the configuration table. The port which has been switched back from a ring
port to a normal port keeps the ring port settings (transmission speed and
mode). Independently of the DIP switch setting, you can still change all the
ports via the software.
Redundanz L2E
18 Release 5.0 04/09
Ring Redundancy 2.2 Example of MRP-Ring
2.2 Example of MRP-Ring
A network contains a backbone in a line structure with 3 devices. To increase

the redundancy reliability of the backbone, you have decided to convert the
line structure to a ring redundancy. In contrast to the previous example,
devices from different manufacturers are being used which do not all support
the HIPER-Ring protocol. All the devices have MRP as the ring redundancy
protocol, so you decide to use MRP. You use ports 1 and 2 in module 1 of
the devices to connect the lines.
1 2 3
1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2
RM
Figure 5: Example of MRP-Ring

RM = Ring Manager
—— main line
The following example configuration describes the configuration of the ring

manager device (1). You configure the two other devices (2 to 3) in the same
way, but without activating the ring manager function. This example does not
use a VLAN. You have entered 200 ms as the ring recovery time, and all the
devices support the advanced mode of the ring manager.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 19
Note: Configure all the devices of the MRP-Ring individually. Before you
connect the redundant line, you must complete the configuration of all the de-
vices of the MRP-Ring. You thus avoid loops during the configuration phase.

You configure all 6 ports so that the transmission speed and the duplex
settings of the lines correspond to the following table:
Bit rate 100 Mbit/s 1000 Mbit/s

Autonegotiation off on
(automatic configuration)
Port on on
Duplex Full –
Table 3: Port settings for ring ports
Select the Redundancy:Ring Redundancy dialog.

Under “Version”, select MRP.
Define the desired ring ports 1 and 2 by making the corresponding
entries in the module and port fields. If it is not possible to enter a
module, then there is only one module in the device that is taken
over as a default.
Display in “Operation” field:
forwarding: this port is switched on and has a link.
blocked: this port is blocked and has a link.
disabled: this port is switched off
not connected: this port has no link.
Redundanz L2E
20 Release 5.0 04/09
Figure 6: Ring Redundancy dialog
In the “Ring Recovery” frame, select 200ms.

Note: If selecting 200ms for the ring recovery does not provide the ring
stability necessary to meet the requirements of your network, you select
500ms.
Note: Settings in the “Ring Recovery” frame are only effective for
devices that you have configured as ring managers.
Under “Configuration Redundancy Manager”, activate the advanced
mode.
Activate the ring manager for this device. Do not activate the ring
manager for any other device in the MRP-Ring.
Leave the VLAN ID as 0 in the VLAN field.
Switch the operation of the MRP-Ring on.
Click on “Set” to temporarily save the entry in the configuration.
The displays in the “Information” frame mean

– “Redundancy existing”: One of the lines affected by the function can
fail, whereby the redundant line will then take over the function of the
failed line.
– “Configuration failure”: The function is incorrectly configured or there
is an error in the ring port connection.
The “VLAN” frame enables you to assign the MRP-Ring to a VLAN:
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 21
If VLANs are configured, you make the following selections in the

“VLAN” frame:
- VLAN ID 0, if the MRP-Ring configuration is not to be assigned to
a VLAN, as in this example.
Note the VLAN configuration of the ring ports. Select VLAN ID 1 and
VLAN membership Untagged in the static VLAN table for the ring
ports.
- a VLAN ID >0, if the MRP-Ring configuration is to be assigned to
this VLAN.
Enter this VLAN ID in the MRP-Ring configuration for all devices in
this MRP-Ring.
Note the VLAN configuration of the ring ports. For all ring ports in this
MRP-Ring, select this VLAN ID and the VLAN membership Tagged
in the static VLAN table.
Note: For all devices in an MRP-Ring, activate the MRP compatibility in the
Rapid Spanning Tree:Global dialog if you want to use RSTP in the
MRP-Ring. If this is not possible, perhaps because individual devices do not
support the MRP compatibility, you deactivate the Spanning Tree protocol at
the ports connected to the MRP-Ring. Spanning Tree and Ring Redundancy
affect each other.
Note: If you want to configure an MRP-Ring using the Command Line Inter-
face, you must define an additional parameter. When configured using CLI,
an MRP-Ring is addressed via its MRP domain ID. The MRP domain ID is a
sequence of 16 number blocks (8-bit values). Use the default domain of 255
255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 for the MRP
domain ID.
This default domain is also used internally for a configuration via the Web-
based interface.
Configure all the devices within an MRP-Ring with the same MRP domain ID.

mrp new-domain default domain Create a new MRP-Ring with the default domain
ID
255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,
255,255,255,255,255.
Redundanz L2E
22 Release 5.0 04/09
MRP domain created:

Domain ID:
255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255
(Default MRP domain)
mrp current-domain Define port 1 in module 1 as ring port 1 (primary).
port primary 1/1
Primary Port set to 1/1
mrp current-domain Define port 2 in module 1 as ring port 2 (second-
port secondary 1/2 ary).
Secondary Port set to 1/2
mrp current-domain mode Define this device as the ring manager.
manager
Mode of Switch set to Manager
mrp current-domain recovery- Define 200ms as the value for the “Ring Recov-
delay 200ms ery”.
Recovery delay set to 200ms
mrp current-domain advanced- Activate the “MRP Advanced Mode”.
mode enable
Advanced Mode (react on link change) set to Enabled
mrp current-domain operation enable Activate the MRP-Ring.
Operation set to Enabled
exit Go back one level.
show mrp Show the current parameters of the MRP-Ring
(abbreviated display).
Domain ID:
255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255.255
(Default MRP domain)
Configuration Settings:
Advanced Mode (react on link change).... Enabled
Manager Priority........................ 32768
Mode of Switch (administrative setting). Manager
Mode of Switch (real operating state)... Manager
Domain Name............................. <empty>
Recovery delay.......................... 200ms
Port Number, Primary.................... 1/1, State: Not Connected
Port Number, Secondary.................. 1/2, State: Not Connected
VLAN ID................................. 0 (No VLAN)
Operation............................... Enabled
Now you connect the line to the ring. To do this, you connect the two
devices to the ends of the line using their ring ports.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 23
Redundanz L2E
24 Release 5.0 04/09
Ring/Network coupling
3 Ring/Network coupling
This device allows the redundant coupling of redundant rings and network
segments. Two rings/network segments are connected via two separate
paths.
The ring/network coupling supports the following devices:
X RS2-./.
X RS2-16M
X RS20, RS30, RS40
X OCTOPUS
X MICE (from rel. 3.0)
X Power MICE
X MS20, MS30
X RSR20, RSR30
X MACH 100
X MACH 1000
X MACH 3000 (from rel. 3.3),
X MACH 4000
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 25
Ring/Network coupling 3.1 Variants of the ring/network coupling
3.1 Variants of the ring/network

coupling
The redundant coupling is effected by the one-Switch coupling of two ports

of one device in the first ring/network to one port each of two devices in a
second ring/network segment (see fig. 8).
Immediately after the main line fails, the device opens the redundant line.
When the main line is OK again, the main line is opened again and the
redundant line is blocked again.
An error is detected and eliminated within 500 ms (typically 150 ms).
The redundant coupling is effected by the two-Switch coupling of one port

each on two devices in the first ring/network to one port each of two devices
in the second ring/network segment (see fig. 14).
The device in the redundant line and the device in the main line use control
packets to inform each other about their operating states, via the Ethernet or
the control line.
Immediately after the main line fails, the redundant device opens the redun-
dant line. As soon as the main line is OK again, the device in the main line
informs the redundant device. The main line is opened again, and the redun-
dant line is blocked again.
An error is detected and eliminated within 500 ms (typically 150 ms).
The type of coupling primarily depends on the topological conditions and the
desired level of safety (see table 4).
Redundanz L2E
26 Release 5.0 04/09
Ring/Network coupling 3.1 Variants of the ring/network coupling
One-Switch coupling Two-Switch coupling Two-Switch coupling

with control line
Application The two devices are in The two devices are in The two devices are in
impractical topological practical topological practical topological
positions. positions. positions.
Therefore, putting a Putting down a control Putting down a control
line between them line would involve a lot line would not involve
would involve a lot of of work. much work.
work for two-Switch
coupling.
Disadvantage If the Switch config- Much work involved in Much work involved in
ured for the redundant connecting the two connecting the two
coupling fails, no con- devices to the network devices to the network
nection remains (compared with one- (compared with one-
between the networks. Switch coupling). Switch and two-Switch
coupling).
Advantage Less work involved in If one of the devices If one of the devices
connecting the two configured for the re- configured for the re-
devices to the network dundant coupling fails, dundant coupling fails,
(compared with two- there is still a connec- there is still a connec-
Switch coupling). tion between the net- tion between the net-
works. works.
Table 4: Selection criteria for the variants of the redundant coupling
Note: The choice of configuration primarily depends on the topological

conditions and the desired level of security (see table 4).
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 27
Ring/Network coupling 3.2 Preparing a Ring/Network coupling
3.2 Preparing a Ring/Network

coupling
3.2.1 STAND-BY switch

The devices have a STAND-BY switch, with which you can define the role of
the device within a Ring/Network coupling.
Depending on the device, this switch is a DIP switch or a software switch
(Redundancy:Ring/Network Coupling dialog). By setting this switch,
you define whether the device has the main coupling or the redundant cou-
pling within a Ring/Network coupling.
Device type STAND-BY switch type

RS2-./. DIP switch
RS2-16M DIP switch
RS20/RS30/RS40 Can be switched between DIP switch and software switch
MICE/Power MICE Can be switched between DIP switch and software switch
MS20/MS30 Can be switched between DIP switch and software switch
OCTOPUS Software switch
RSR20/RSR30 Software switch
MACH 100 Software switch
MACH 1000 Software switch
MACH 3000/MACH 4000 Software switch
Table 5: Overview of the STAND-BY switch types
Depending on the device and model, set the STAND-BY switch in accor-
dance with the following table (see table 6):
Redundanz L2E
28 Release 5.0 04/09
Device with Choice of main coupling or redundant coupling

DIP switch On “STAND-BY” DIP switch
DIP switch/software switch According to the option selected
option - on “STAND-BY” DIP switch or in the
- Redundancy:Ring/Network Coupling dialog, by making se-
lection in “Select configuration”.
Note: These devices have a DIP switch, with which you can choose
between the software configuration and the DIP switch configura-
tion. If you have set the software configuration, changing the other
DIP switches has no effect.
Software switch In the Redundancy:Ring/Network Coupling dialog
Table 6: Setting the STAND-BY switch
Select the Redundancy:Ring/Network Coupling dialog.

You first select the configuration you want: One-Switch coupling
(“1”), two-Switch coupling (“2”) or two-Switch coupling with control
line (“3”), (see fig. 7).
Figure 7: Selecting the configuration
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 29
Depending on the STAND-BY DIP switch position, the dialog displays

those configurations that are not possible in gray. If you want to select
one of these grayed-out configurations, you put the STAND-BY DIP
switch on the Switch into the other position.
One-Switch coupling
Assign the device the DIP switch setting “STAND-BY”, or use the soft-
ware configuration to assign the redundancy function to it.
Two-Switch coupling
Assign the device in the redundant line the DIP switch setting “STAND-
BY”, or use the software configuration to assign the redundancy func-
tion to it.
Note: For redundancy security reasons, the combination of Rapid Spanning

Tree and Ring/Network Coupling is not possible.
Redundanz L2E
30 Release 5.0 04/09
3.2.2 One-Switch coupling
RM
5 6
3 4
I O
STAND-BY
RM
Figure 8: Example of one-Switch coupling

1: Backbone
2: Ring
3: Partner coupling port
4: Coupling port
5: Main Line
6: Redundant Line
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 31
The coupling between two networks is effected by the main line (thick blue
line), which is connected to the partner coupling port. If the main line fails, the
redundant line (thick blue dotted line), which is connected to the coupling
port, takes over coupling the two networks. The coupling is effected by one
Switch.
Select one-Switch coupling (see fig. 9).
2 1
I O
STAND-BY
Figure 9: One-Switch-coupling
1: Coupling port
The following settings apply to the Switch displayed in blue in the
selected graphic.
Select the partner coupling port (see fig. 10), (see table 7).
With “Partner coupling port” you specify at which port you are
connecting the control line.
The following tables show the selection options and default settings for the
ports used in the Ring/Network coupling.
Redundanz L2E
32 Release 5.0 04/09
Device Partner coupling port Coupling port

RS2-./. Not possible Not possible
RS2-16M All ports (default setting: port 2) All ports (default setting: port 1)
RS20, RS30, All ports (default setting: port 1.3) All ports (default setting: port 1.4)
RS40
OCTOPUS All ports (default setting: port 1.3) All ports (default setting: port 1.4)
MICE All ports (default setting: port 1.3) All ports (default setting: port 1.4)
Power MICE All ports (default setting: port 1.3) All ports (default setting: port 1.4)
MS20 All ports (default setting: port 1.3) All ports (default setting: port 1.4)
MS30 All ports (default setting: port 2.3) All ports (default setting: port 2.4)
RSR20/30 All ports (default setting: port 1.3) All ports (default setting: port 1.4)
MACH 100 All ports (default setting: port 2.3) All ports (default setting: port 2.4)
MACH 3000 All ports All ports
Table 7: Port assignment for one-Switch coupling
Note: Configure the partner coupling port and the HIPER-Ring ports on
different ports.
Select the coupling port (see fig. 10), (see table 7).
With “Coupling port” you specify at which port you are connecting
the redundant line.
Note: Configure the coupling port and the redundancy ring ports on
different ports.
Activate the function in the “Operation” frame (see fig. 16).
You now connect the redundant line.
The displays in the “Select port” frame mean (see fig. 10):
– “Port mode”: The port is either active or in stand-by mode.
– “Port state”: The port is either connected or not connected.
The displays in the “Information” frame mean (see fig. 10):
– “Redundancy existing”: One of the lines affected can fail, as a
redundant line will then take over the function of the failed line.
– “Configuration failure”: The function is incomplete or incorrectly
configured.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 33
Figure 10: Selecting the port and enabling/disabling operation

Note: The following settings are required for the coupling ports (you
select the Basic Settings:Port Configuration dialog):
– Port: on
– Automatic configuration (autonegotiation):
on for twisted-pair connections
– Manual configuration: 100 Mbit/s FDX
for glass fiber connections
Note: If VLANS are configured, note the VLAN configuration of the
coupling and partner coupling ports.
In the Network/Ring Coupling configuration, select for the coupling and
partner coupling ports
– VLAN ID 1 and “Ingress Filtering” disabled in the port table and
– VLAN membership U in the static VLAN table.
Redundancy mode
In the “Redundancy Mode” frame, select (see fig. 11)
– “Redundant Ring/Network Coupling” or
– “Extended Redundancy”.
Redundanz L2E
34 Release 5.0 04/09
Figure 11: Selecting the redundancy mode

With the “Redundant Ring/Network Coupling” setting, either the main
line or the redundant line is active. Both lines are never active simulta-
neously.
With the “Extended Redundancy” setting, the main line and the redun-
dant line are simultaneously active if the connection line between the
devices in the connected network fails (see fig. 12).
During the reconfiguration period, there may be package duplications.
Therefore, only select this setting if your application detects package
duplications.
Figure 12: Extended redundancy
Coupling mode
The coupling mode indicates the type of the connected network.
In the “Coupling Mode” frame, select (see fig. 13)
– “Ring Coupling” or
– “Network Coupling”
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 35
Figure 13: Selecting the coupling mode

Select “Ring coupling” if you are connecting a redundancy ring.
Select “Network Coupling” if you are connecting a line structure.
Delete coupling configuration

The “Delete coupling configuration” button in the dialog allows you
to reset all the coupling settings of the device to the state on delivery.
Redundanz L2E
36 Release 5.0 04/09
3.2.3 Two-Switch coupling
RM
3 4
RM
I O I O
STAND-BY STAND-BY
Figure 14: Example of two-Switch coupling

1: Backbone
2: Ring
3: Main line
4: Redundant line
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 37
line). If the main line fails, the redundant line (thick blue dotted line) takes
over coupling the two networks.
The coupling is effected by two Switches.
The switches send their control packages via the Ethernet.
The Switch to which you connect the main line, and the Switch to which you
connect the redundant line, are partners as regards the coupling.
Connect the two partners via their ring ports.

Select two-Switch main coupling (see fig. 15).
1 2
I O
STAND-BY
Figure 15: Two-Switch coupling

1: Coupling port
selected graphic.
the redundant line.
If the STANDBY DIP switch is OFF, connect the main line to the coupling
port.
Redundanz L2E
38 Release 5.0 04/09
Device Coupling port

RS2-./. Not possible
RS2-16M Adjustable for all ports (default setting: port 1)
RS20, RS30, RS40 Adjustable for all ports (default setting: port 1.4)
OCTOPUS Adjustable for all ports (default setting: port 1.4)
MICE Adjustable for all ports (default setting: port 1.4)
Power MICE Adjustable for all ports (default setting: port 1.4)
MS20 Adjustable for all ports (default setting: port 1.4)
MS30 Adjustable for all ports (default setting: port 2.4)
RSR20/30 Adjustable for all ports (default setting: port 1.4)
MACH 100 Adjustable for all ports (default setting: port 2.4)
MACH 3000 Adjustable for all ports
Table 8: Port assignment for the redundant coupling (two-Switch coupling)
Note: Configure the coupling port and the redundancy ring ports on different
ports.

You now connect the redundant line.
– “IP Address”: The IP address of the partner, if the partner is already
operating in the network.
configured.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 39

To avoid continuous loops, the Switch sets the port state of the coupling
port to “off” if you:
– switch off operation or
– change the configuration
while the connections are in operation at these ports.
– Port: on
Note: If you are operating the Ring Manager and two-Switch coupling func-
tions at the same time, there is the risk of creating a loop.
Redundanz L2E
40 Release 5.0 04/09
Select two-Switch redundant coupling (see fig. 18).
2 1
I O
STAND-BY
Figure 17: Two-Switch coupling

1: Coupling port
selected graphic.
the network segments.
If the STANDBY DIP switch is ON, connect the main line to the
coupling port.
ports.

configured.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 41
– Port: on
Note: If you are operating the Ring Manager and two-Switch coupling
functions at the same time, there is the risk of creating a loop.
Redundancy mode
Redundanz L2E
42 Release 5.0 04/09

neously.
duplications.
Coupling mode
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 43


Redundanz L2E
44 Release 5.0 04/09
3.2.4 Two-Switch coupling with control line
RM
3 4
5
RM
I O I O
STAND-BY STAND-BY
Figure 21: Example of Two-Switch coupling with control line

1: Backbone
2: Ring
3: Main line
4: Redundant line
5: Control line
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 45
line). If the main line fails, the redundant line (thick blue dotted line) takes
over coupling the two networks.
The coupling is effected by two Switches.
The Switches send their control packets via a control line.
The device to which you connect the main line, and the device to which you
connect the redundant line, are partners as regards the coupling.
Connect the two partners via their ring ports.

Select two-Switch main coupling
with control line (see fig. 22).
1 3 2
I O
STAND-BY
Figure 22: Two-Switch coupling with control line

1: Coupling port
3: Control line
selected graphic.
the redundant line.
If the STANDBY DIP switch is OFF, connect the main line to the coupling
port.
Select the control port (see fig. 23), (see table 9).
With “Control port” you specify at which port you are connecting the
control line.
Redundanz L2E
46 Release 5.0 04/09
Device Coupling port Control port

RS2-./. Port 1 Stand-by port (can only be combined
with RS2-../.. )
RS2-16M Adjustable for all ports Adjustable for all ports
(default setting: port 1) (default setting: port 2)
RS20, RS30, Adjustable for all ports Adjustable for all ports
RS40 (default setting: port 1.4) (default setting: port 1.3)
OCTOPUS Adjustable for all ports Adjustable for all ports
(default setting: port 1.4) (default setting: port 1.3)
MICE Adjustable for all ports Adjustable for all ports
Power MICE Adjustable for all ports Adjustable for all ports
MS20 Adjustable for all ports Adjustable for all ports
MS30 Adjustable for all ports Adjustable for all ports
RSR20/RSR30 Adjustable for all ports Adjustable for all ports
MACH 100 Adjustable for all ports Adjustable for all ports
Table 9: Port assignment for the redundant coupling (two-Switch coupling with con-
trol line)
ports.

You now connect the redundant line and the control line.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 47

configured.

– Port: on
Redundanz L2E
48 Release 5.0 04/09

Select two-Switch redundant coupling
with control line (see fig. 24).
2 3 1
I O
STAND-BY
Figure 24: Two-Switch coupling with control line

1: Coupling port
3: Control line
selected graphic.
the network segments.
If the STANDBY DIP switch is ON, connect the main line to the
coupling port.
Select the control port (see fig. 23), (see table 9).
With “Control port” you specify at which port you are connecting the
control line.
ports.

You now connect the redundant line and the control line.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 49
configured.
– Port: on
Redundancy mode
Redundanz L2E
50 Release 5.0 04/09

neously.
duplications.
Coupling mode
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 51

Redundanz L2E
52 Release 5.0 04/09
Rapid Spanning Tree
4 Rapid Spanning Tree
Note: The Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree protocols based on
IEEE 802.1D-2004 and IEEE 802.1w respectively are protocols for MAC
bridges. For this reason, the following description of these protocols usually
employs the term bridge instead of switch.
Local networks are getting bigger and bigger. This applies to both the
geographical expansion and the number of network participants. Therefore,
it usually makes sense to use multiple bridges, for example:
X to reduce the network load in sub-areas,
X to set up redundant connections and
X to overcome distance limitations.
However, using multiple bridges with multiple redundant connections

between the subnetworks can lead to loops and thus the total failure of the
network. To prevent this, the (Rapid) Spanning Tree Algorithm was devel-
oped. The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) enables redundancy by
interrupting loops.
RSTP is a further development of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and is

compatible with it. If a connection or a bridge fails, the STP requires a maxi-
mum of 30 seconds to reconfigure. This was no longer acceptable in time-
sensitive applications. The STP was therefore developed to the RSTP, lead-
ing to average reconfiguration times of less than a second. If you use RSTP
in a ring topology with 10 - 20 devices, you can achieve reconfiguration
times in the range of milliseconds.
Note: RSTP resolves a given topology to a tree structure (Spanning Tree).

The number of devices in a branch (from the root to the branch tip) is limited
by the parameter Max Age. The default value for Max Age is 20, it can be
increased to 40.
You should note the following here: If the root device fails and another device
takes over the root function, the largest possible number of devices decreas-
es accordingly.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 53
Rapid Spanning Tree
When network segments are connected to a MRP ring and you enable MRP
compatibility, a peculiarity results. If the root bridge is located inside the MRP
ring, the devices inside the MRP ring are combined into one virtual device for
the purpose of calculating the branch length.
Note: The RSTP Standard dictates that all the devices within a network work
with the (Rapid) Spanning Tree Algorithm. However, if STP and RSTP are
used at the same time, the advantages of faster reconfiguration with RSTP
are lost. RSTP devices also work in a limited MSTP environment within the
scope of their functionality.
Note: Due to a change in the IEEE 802.1D-2004 standard on which RSTP is

based, the Standards Commission has reduced the maximum value for the
“Hello Time” from 10 to 2. When earlier firmware versions are upgraded to
version 5.x or higher, the firmware automatically changes a locally entered
“Hello Time” value greater than 2 to 2.
If the device is not the RSTP root, “Hello Time” values greater than 2 can re-
main valid, depending on the firmware version of the root device.
Redundanz L2E
54 Release 5.0 04/09
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.1 The Spanning Tree Protocol
4.1 The Spanning Tree Protocol
Because RSTP is a further development of the STP, all the following

descriptions of the STP also apply to the RSTP.
4.1.1 The tasks of the STP

The Spanning Tree Algorithm reduces network topologies that are set up
using bridges, and that have ring structures with redundant connections, to a
tree structure. In doing this, STP divides up the ring structures on the basis
of specified rules by deactivating redundant paths. If a path is interrupted by
mistake, the STP reactivates the path just deactivated. This enables redun-
dant connections for increased data safety.
In forming the tree structure, the STP determines what is known as a root
bridge. This forms the basis of the STP tree structure.
Features of the STP algorithm:

X automatic reconfiguration of the tree structure in the case of a bridge error
or the interruption of a data path
X the tree structure is stabilized up to the maximum network size (up to
39 hops, depending on the setting for “Max. Age”)
X stabilization is effected within a brief, specified period
X topology can be specified and reproduced by the administrator
X transparency for the terminal devices
X low network load relative to the available transmission capacity due to the
tree structure created
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 55
4.1.2 Bridge parameters

Each bridge is uniquely described using parameters:
X Bridge Identifier
X Root Path Costs for the bridge ports
X Port Identifier
4.1.3 Bridge Identifier

The Bridge Identifier consists of 8 bytes. The two highest-value bytes are the
priority. The default setting for the priority number is 32,768, but the
Management Administrator can change this when configuring the network.
The six lowest-value bytes of the bridge identifier are the MAC address of the
bridge. The MAC address guarantees that every bridge has a different bridge
identifier.
The bridge with the smallest number for the bridge identifier has the highest
priority.
MSB LSB
Priority MAC Address
Figure 28: Bridge Identifier
Redundanz L2E
56 Release 5.0 04/09
4.1.4 Root Path Costs

Every path that connects two bridges is assigned costs for the transmission
(path costs). The Switch specifies this value based on the transmission
speed (see table 10). It assigns the higher path costs to paths with lower
transmission speeds.
Alternatively, the Administrator can specify the path costs. Like the Switch,
the Administrator assigns the higher path costs to paths with lower transmis-
sion speeds. However, since the Administrator can choose this value freely,
he has a tool with which he can give a certain path an advantage among
redundant paths.
The root path costs are the sum of all the individual path costs for all paths
along which a data packet travels between the connected port of a bridge and
the root bridge.
Bridge 1
PC = 200 000 PC = 2 000 000
PC Path costs
Ethernet (100 Mbit/s)
PC = 200 000
Ethernet (10 Mbit/s)
Bridge 2 Bridge 3
Figure 29: Path costs
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 57
Data rate Recommended value Recommended range Possible range

<=100 KBit/s 200.000.000* 20.000.000-200.000.000 1-200.000.000
1 MBit/s 20.000.000* 2.000.000-200.000.000 1-200.000.000
10 MBit/s 2.000.000* 200.000-20.000.000 1-200.000.000
100 MBit/s 200.000* 20.000-2.000.000 1-200.000.000
1 GBit/s 20.000 2.000-200.000 1-200.000.000
Table 10: Recommended path costs for RSTP based on the data rate
* Bridges that conform with IEEE 802.1D, 1998 edition, and only support 16-bit
values for the path costs should use the value 65 535 for path costs when they are
used in conjunction with bridges that support 32-bit values for the path costs.
10 GBit/s 2.000 200-20.000 1-200.000.000
100 GBit/s 200 20-2.000 1-200.000.000
1 TBit/s 20 2-200 1-200.000.000
10 TBit/s 2 1-20 1-200.000.000
4.1.5 Port Identifier

The Port Identifier consists of 2 bytes. One part, the lowest-value byte, signi-
fies the fixed relationship with the physical port number. This part ensures
that no port of a bridge has the same identifier as another port of this bridge.
The second part is the port priority, which is specified by the Administrator
(default value: 128). It also applies here that the port with the smallest
number for the port identifier has the highest priority.
MSB LSB
Priority Port number
Figure 30: Port Identifier
Redundanz L2E
58 Release 5.0 04/09
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.2 Rules for creating the tree structure
4.2 Rules for creating the tree

structure
4.2.1 Bridge information

To calculate the tree structure, the bridges require more detailed information
about the other bridges located in the network.
To obtain this information, each bridge sends a BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data
Unit) to the other bridges.
The contents of a BPDU include
X bridge identifier,
X root path costs and
X port identifier
(see IEEE 802.1D).
4.2.2 Setting up the tree structure

X The bridge with the smallest number for the bridge identifier is the root
bridge. It is the root of the tree structure.
X The structure of the tree depends on the root path costs. STP selects the
structure so that the path costs between each individual bridge and the
root bridge are kept to a minimum.
X In the case of a number of paths with the same root path costs, the priority
of the bridge identifier for the bridge connected to one of these paths
decides which bridge should block.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 59
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.2 Rules for creating the tree structure
X If two paths with the same root path costs lead out from a bridge, the port
identifier is used as the last criterion (see fig. 30). This decides which port
is selected.
Determine root path
Equal no Path with lowest

path costs? path costs = root path
yes
Equal Path with highest

no
priority in priority in bridge
bridge identification? identification = root path
yes
Equal no Path with highest

port priority? port priority
= root path
yes
Path with lowest

port number
= root path
Root path determined
Figure 31: Flow diagram for specifying the root path
Redundanz L2E
60 Release 5.0 04/09
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.3 Example of specifying the root paths
4.3 Example of specifying the

root paths
The network plan (see fig. 32) can be used to create the flow diagram (see
fig. 31) for defining the root path. The Administrator defined a different priority
in the bridge identifier for each bridge. The bridge with the smallest number
for the bridge identifier is the root bridge, in this case bridge 1. In the
example, all the sub-paths have the same path costs. The path between
bridge 2 and bridge 3 is interrupted, because a connection from bridge 3 to
the root bridge via bridge 2 would double the path costs.
The path from bridge 6 to the root bridge is interesting:

X The path via bridge 5 and bridge 3 creates the same root path costs as
the path via bridge 4 and bridge 2.
X The path via bridge 4 is selected because value 28 672 for the priority in
the bridge identifier is smaller than value 32 768.
X However, there are two paths between bridge 6 and bridge 4. The port
identifier is decisive here.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 61
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.3 Example of specifying the root paths
P-BID = 16 384
Bridge 1
P-BID = 20 480 P-BID = 24 576
Bridge 2 Bridge 3
P-BID = 40 960
Bridge 7
P-BID = 28 672 P-BID = 32 768

Port 3
Bridge 4 Bridge 5
Port 1
P-BID Priority of the bridge identifikation (BID)

P-BID = 36 864
= BID without MAC Address
Port 2 Root path
Interrupted path
Bridge 6
Figure 32: Example of specifying the root path
Redundanz L2E
62 Release 5.0 04/09
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.4 Example of manipulating the root paths
4.4 Example of manipulating the

root paths
The network plan (see fig. 32) can be used to create the flow diagram (see
fig. 31) for defining the root path. The Administrator
– left the default value of 32 768 for each bridge apart from bridge 1, and
– gave bridge 1 the value 16 384, thus making it the root bridge.
In the example, all the sub-paths have the same path costs. The path
between bridge 2 and bridge 3 is interrupted, because a connection from
bridge 3 to the root bridge via bridge 2 would double the path costs.
The path from bridge 6 to the root bridge is interesting:

X The path via bridge 5 and bridge 3 creates the same root path costs as
the path via bridge 4 and bridge 2.
X STP selects the path using the bridge that has the lowest MAC address
in the bridge identification (bridge 4 in the illustration).
X However, there are two paths between bridge 6 and bridge 4. The port
identifier is decisive here.
Note: Because the Administrator does not change the default values for the
priorities of the bridges in the bridge identifier, apart from the value for the
root bridge, the MAC address in the bridge identifier alone determines which
bridge becomes the new root bridge if the root bridge goes down.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 63
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.4 Example of manipulating the root paths
P-BID = 16 384
Bridge 1
P-BID = 32 768 P-BID = 32 768
Bridge 2 Bridge 3
P-BID = 32 768
Bridge 7
P-BID = 32 768 P-BID = 32 768

Port 3
Bridge 4 Bridge 5
Port 1

P-BID = 32 768
Port 2 Root path
Interrupted path
Bridge 6
Figure 33: Example of manipulating the root path
Redundanz L2E
64 Release 5.0 04/09
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.5 Example of manipulating the tree structure
4.5 Example of manipulating the

tree structure
The Management Administrator soon discovers that this configuration with

bridge 1 as the root bridge (see on page 61 „Example of specifying the root
paths“) is unfavorable. On the paths from bridge 1 to bridge 2 and bridge 1 to
bridge 3, the control packets which the root bridge sends to all other bridges
are adding up.
If the Management Administrator makes bridge 2 the root bridge, the burden
of the control packets on the subnetworks is distributed much more evenly.
The result is the configuration shown here (see fig. 34). The distances
between the individual bridges and the root bridge are now shorter.
P-BID = 16 384
Bridge 2
P-BID = 40 960 P-BID = 20 480 P-BID = 24 576 P-BID = 32 768

Port 2
Bridge 7 Bridge 4 Bridge 3 Bridge 1

Port 1
P-BID = 36 864
Port 3 P-BID = 28 672
Bridge 6 Bridge 5

Root path
Interrupted path
Figure 34: Example of manipulating the tree structure
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 65
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.6 The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
4.6 The Rapid Spanning Tree

Protocol
The RSTP takes over the calculation of the tree structure by the STP un-
changed. RSTP merely changes parameters, and adds new parameters and
mechanism that speed up the reconfiguration in the case of a failure.
The ports play a significant role in this context.
4.6.1 Port roles

RSTP assigns each bridge port one of the following roles (see fig. 35):
X Root port
This is the port at which a bridge receives data packets with the lowest
path costs from the root bridge.
If there are multiple ports with the same low path costs, the bridge
identifier determines which port is the root port.
If there are multiple ports with the same low path costs and the same
bridge identifier, the port identifier determines which port is the root port
(see fig. 31).
The root bridge does not have a root port.
X Designated port
The bridge in a network segment that has the lowest root path costs is the
designated bridge. If multiple bridges have the same root path costs, then
the bridge with the smallest value for the bridge identifier becomes the
designated bridge. The port on this bridge that connects it to a network
segment that leads from the root bridge, is the designated port.
X Edge port
Every network segment in which there are no additional RSTP bridges is
connected with exactly one designated port. This designated port is then
also an edge port. The distinction of an edge port is the fact that it does
not receive any RST BPDUs (Rapid Spanning Tree Bridge Protocol Data
Unit).
Redundanz L2E
66 Release 5.0 04/09
X Alternate port
This is a blocked port that takes over the task of the bridge port if the
connection to the root bridge fails. The alternate port guarantees the
connection of the bridge to the root bridge.
X Backup port
This is a blocked port that serves as a backup in case the connection to
the designated port of this network segment (without RSTP bridge) fails.
X Disabled port
This is the port that does not play any role with the Spanning Tree
Operation, and is therefore switched off or does not have any connection.
P-BID = 16 384
Bridge 1
P-BID = 20 480 P-BID = 24 576
Bridge 2 Bridge 3
P-BID = 40 960
Bridge 7
P-BID = 28 672 P-BID = 32 768
Port 2 = BID without MAC Address
Root path
Bridge 4 Port 1
Interrupted path
Bridge 5
Root port
Designated port
Alternate port
Backup port
Edge port
Figure 35: Port role assignment
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 67
4.6.2 Port states

Depending on the tree structure and the state of the selected connection
paths, the RSTP assigns the ports their states.
STP port state Administrative MAC RSTP Active topology

bridge port operational Port state (port role)
state
DISABLED Disabled FALSE Discarding* Excluded (disabled)
DISABLED Enabled FALSE Discarding* Excluded (disabled)
BLOCKING Enabled TRUE Discarding** Excluded (alternate, backup)
LISTENING Enabled TRUE Discarding** Included (root, designated)
LEARNING Enabled TRUE Learning Included (root, designated)
FORWARDING Enabled TRUE Forwarding Included (root, designated)
Table 11: Relationship between port state values in STP and RSTP.
* the dot1d MIB shows “Disabled”
** the dot1d MIB shows “Blocked”
Meaning of the RSTP port states:

X Disabled = port does not belong to the active topology
X Discarding = no address learning in FDB and no data traffic apart from
sending and receiving
X Learning = address learning active (FDB) and no data traffic apart from
BPDUs
X Forwarding = address learning active (FDB) and sending and receiving
active from all frames (not only BPDUs)
4.6.3 Spanning Tree Priority Vector

To assign roles to the ports, the RSTP bridges exchange configuration
information with each other. This information is known as the Spanning Tree
Priority Vector. It is part of the RST BPDUs and contains the following
information:
Redundanz L2E
68 Release 5.0 04/09
X Bridge identifier of the root bridges

X Root path costs for the sending bridges
X Bridge identifier for the sending bridges
X Port identifiers of the ports through which the message was sent
X Port identifiers of the ports through which the message was received
Based on this information, the bridges participating in RSTP are able to

calculate port roles themselves and define the port states of their own ports.
4.6.4 Fast reconfiguration

Why can RSTP react faster than STP to an interruption of the root path?
X Introduction of edge ports
During a reconfiguration, RSTP switches an edge port into the trans-
mission mode after three seconds and then waits for the “Hello Time” (see
table 12) to elapse, to be sure that no bridge sending BPDUs is
connected.
When the user is sure that a terminal device is connected at this port and
will remain connected, he can switch off RSTP at this port. Thus no
waiting times occur at this port in the case of a reconfiguration.
X Introduction of alternate ports
As the port roles are already distributed in normal operation, a bridge can
immediately switch from the root port to the alternate port after the
connection to the root bridge is lost.
X Communication with neighboring bridges (point-to-point connections)
Decentralized, direct communication between neighboring bridges
enables immediate reaction to status changes in the spanning tree
architecture.
X Filter table
With STP, the age of the entries in the filter table determines the updating.
RSTP immediately deletes the entries in those ports affected by a
reconfiguration.
X Reaction to events
Without having to adhere to any time specifications, RSTP immediately
reacts to events such as connection interruptions, connection
reinstatements, etc.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 69
Note: The price to be paid for this fast reconfiguration is the risk that data
packets may be duplicated or mixed up during the reconfiguration phase. If
this is unacceptable for your application, switch to the slower Spanning Tree
Protocol or select one of the other, faster redundancy procedures described
in this manual.
4.6.5 Configuring the Rapid Spanning Tree

Note: Before you connect the redundant lines, you must complete the
configuration of the RSTP.
You thus avoid loops during the configuration phase.
Select the Redundancy:Rapid Spanning Tree:Global dialog.

Switch on RSTP on every device
Redundanz L2E
70 Release 5.0 04/09
Figure 36: Operation on/off
You now connect the redundant lines.

Define the desired Switch as the root Switch by assigning it the
lowest priority in the bridge information among all the Switches in the
network, in the “Protocol Configuration/Information” frame. Note that
only multiples of 4096 can be entered for this value (see table 12).
In the “Root Information” frame, the dialog shows this device as the
root.
A root switch has no root port and no root costs.
As required, you change the default priority value of 32768 in other
Switches in the network in the same way to the value you want
(multiple of 4096).
For each of these Switches, check the display
in the “Root Information” frame:
– Root-Id: Displays the bridge identifier of the root Switch
– Root Port: Displays the port that leads to the root Switch
– Root Cost: Displays the root costs to the root Switch
in the “Protocol Configuration/Information” frame:
– Priority: Displays the priority in the bridge identifier for this Switch
– MAC Address: Displays the MAC address of this Switch
– Topology Changes: Displays the number of changes since
the start of RSTP
– Time since last change: Displays the time that has elapsed since
the last network reconfiguration
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 71
If required, change the values for “Hello Time”, “Forward Delay” and
“Max. Age” in the root Switch. The root Switch then transfers this
data to the other Switches. The dialog displays the data received
from the root Switch in the left column. In the right column you enter
the values which shall apply when this Switch becomes a root
Switch. For the configuration, take note of table 12.
Figure 37: Assigning Hello Time, Forward Delay und Max. Age
The times entered in the RSTP dialog are in units of 1 s.
Example: Hello Time = 2 corresponds to 2 seconds.
Redundanz L2E
72 Release 5.0 04/09
Parameter Meaning Value range Default setting

Priority The priority and the MAC address go 0 < n*4,096 < 61,440 32.768
together to make up the bridge
identification.
Hello Time The left column shows the value cur- 1-2 2
rently being used by the root bridge.
The device periodically receives con-
figuration frames (Hello frames) from
the root bridge. The Hello Time
shows the time between two succes-
sive configuration frames sent by the
root bridge. If you configure the cur-
rent device as the root bridge, the
other devices in the entire network
will assume the value in the right col-
umn.
Forward Delay The left column shows the value cur- 4 - 30 (see a:) 30
rently being used by the root bridge.
The predecessor protocol STP used
the parameter to control (delay) the
transition time between the states
„disabled“, „blocking“, „learning“,
?„forwarding“. Since the introduction
of RSTP, this parameter has only
secondary relevance because state
transitions are negotiated between
RSTP bridges without a given time
delay. If you configure the current de-
vice as the root bridge, the other de-
vices in the entire network will
assume the value in the right column.
Max Age The left column shows the value cur- 6 - 40 (see a:) 6
rently being used by the root Switch.
Contrary to the past (STP) meaning,
Max Age now (for RSTP) denotes the
maximum permissible branch length
(number of devices to the root
bridge). If you configure the current
device as the root bridge, the other
devices in the entire network will as-
sume the value in the right column.
Table 12: Global RSTP settings
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 73
Diameter = 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4
Age = 5 Age = 4
= Root
Figure 38: Definition of diameter and age
The diameter is the number of connections between the two devices furthest
away from the root bridge.
The parameters
– Forward Delay and
– Max Age
have a relationship to each other:
Forward Delay >= (Max Age/2) + 1
If you enter values that contradict this relationship, the device then
replaces these values with a default value or with the last valid values.
As required, change and verify the settings and displays that relate
to each individual port (menu bar: Rapid Spanning Tree - Port).
Redundanz L2E
74 Release 5.0 04/09
Figure 39: Configuring the RSTP port

Note: Deactivate the Spanning Tree Protocol for the ports connected to
a redundant ring, because the Spanning Tree and the
Ring Redundancy work with different reaction times.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 75

STP State En- Here you can turn RSTP on or off on, on
able for this port. If you turn RSTP off for off
this port while RSTP is globally en-
abled for the device, the device will
discard RSTP frames received on
this port.
Port State Displays the port state disabled, -
forwarding,
discarding,
blocking,
learning
Priority Here you enter the first byte of the 16 < n*16 < 240 128
port identification.
Port Path Cost Enter the path costs to indicate pref- 0 - 200.000.000 0
erence for redundant paths. If the
value is “0”, the Switch automatical-
ly calculates the path costs depend-
ing on the transmission rate.
Admin Edge If the parameter is set to „true“, the true, false false
Port port will transition to the forwarding
state. If the port nevertheless re-
ceives a RSTP frame, it will transi-
tion to the blocking state and the
bridge will then determine the new
port role.
.If the parameter’s value is „false“,
the port remains in the blocked state
until the bridge has determined the
port role. Only after that will the port
transition to its final state.
Oper Edge Port Is „true“ if no RSTP frames were true, false -
received, i. e., a terminal device that
sends no RSTP frames is connect-
ed to this port. Is „false“ if RSTP
frames were received, i. e., no
terminal device but a bridge is
connected.
Auto Edge Port The setting for Auto Edge Port only true, false false
takes effect if the parameter Oper
Edge Port has been set to „false“.
if Auto Edge Port is set to „true“, the
port will transition to the forwarding
state within 1.5 * Hello Time
(3 seconds). If is is set to „false“, it
will take 30 seconds until the edge
port forwards data frames.
Table 13: Port-related RSTP settings and displays
Redundanz L2E
76 Release 5.0 04/09

Oper Point- If this port has a full-duplex link to true, false auto
ToPoint another RSTP device, the value for (is calculated):
Oper PointToPoint will become FDX = true
„true“, else it will become „false“ HDX = false
(e. g., if a hub is connected). A
Point-to-point connection is a direct
connection between two RSTP de-
vices. The direct, local communica-
tions between the two switches
results in a short reconfiguration
time.
Designated Displays the bridge identification of Bridge identification -
Root the designated root Switch for this (hexadecimal)
port.
Designated Display of the costs of the path from Costs -
Costs this port to the root Switch.
Designated Port Display of the port identifier of the Port identification -
port that creates the connection to (hexadecimal) and
the root Switch for this port (on the port number
designated Switch).
Table 13: Port-related RSTP settings and displays
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 77
Rapid Spanning Tree 4.7 Combination of RSTP and MRP
4.7 Combination of RSTP

and MRP
In the MRP compatibility mode, the device allows you to combine RSTP with
MRP.
With the combination of RSTP and MRP, the fast switching times of MRP are
maintained.
The RSTP diameter (see fig. 38) depends on the “Max Age”. It applies to the
devices outside the MRP-Ring.
Note: The combination of RSTP and MRP requires the root bridge and the
backup root bridge to be within the MRP-Ring.
1
RM
Figure 40: Combination of RSTP and MRP

1: MRP-Ring
2: RSTP-Ring
RM: Ring Manager
Redundanz L2E
78 Release 5.0 04/09
To combine RSTP with MRP, you perform the following steps in sequence:
X Configure MRP on all devices in the MRP-Ring.
X Activate RSTP at the RSTP ports and also at the MRP-Ring ports.
X Configure the RSTP root bridge and the RSTP backup root bridge in the
MRP-Ring:
– Set the priority.
– If you exceed the RSTP diameter specified by the preset value of
Max Age = 20, you modify “Max Age” and “Forward Delay”.
X Activate RSTP globally.
X Activate the MRP compatibility mode.
X After configuring all the participating devices, connect the redundant
RSTP connection.
4.7.1 Application example for the combination of

RSTP and MRP
The figure (see fig. 41) shows an example for the combination of RSTP and
MRP.
Parameter S1 S2 S3 S4
MRP settings
Ring redundancy: MRP version MRP MRP
Ring port 1 1.1 1.2
Ring port 2 1.1 1.2
Redundancy Manager mode On Off – –
MRP operation On On Off Off
RSTP settings
For each RSTP port: STP State Enable On On On On
Protocol Configuration: Priority 4096 0 32768 32768
(S2<S1<S3 and S2<S1<S4)
RSTP:Global: Operation On On On On
RSTP:Global: MRP compatibility On On – –
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 79
Prerequisities for further configuration:

X You have configured the MRP settings for the devices in accordance with
the above table.
1
RM
1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2
S1 1.3 1.3
S2
2
1.1 1.1
3
S3 1.2 1.2
S4
Figure 41: Application example for the combination of RSTP and MRP
1: MRP-Ring
2: RSTP-Ring
3: Redundant RSTP connection
RM: Ring Manager
Redundanz L2E
80 Release 5.0 04/09
Activate RSTP at the ports here using S1 as an example.

interface 1/1 Switch to the Interface Configuration mode of
interface 1/1.
spanning-tree port mode Activate RSTP at port.
exit Switch to the Configuration mode.
interface 1/2 Switch to the interface configuration mode for
port 1.2.
interface 1/3 Switch to the interface configuration mode for
port 1.3.
Configure globally here using S1 as an example:

– the RSTP priority
– global operation
– the MRP compatibility mode
spanning-tree mst priority 0 Set the RSTP priority to the value 4096.
4096
spanning-tree Activate RSTP operation globally.
spanning-tree stp-mrp-mode Activate MRP compatibility.
Configure all the participating devices in accordance with the table.

Connect the redundant RSTP connection.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 81
Redundanz L2E
82 Release 5.0 04/09
Readers’ comments
A Readers’ comments
What is your opinion of this manual? We are always striving to provide as

comprehensive a description of our product as possible, as well as important
information that will ensure trouble-free operation. Your comments and
suggestions help us to further improve the quality of our documentation.
Your assessment of this manual:
Very good Good Satisfactory Medio- Poor

cre
Precise description O O O O O
Readability O O O O O
Understandability O O O O O
Examples O O O O O
Structure O O O O O
Completeness O O O O O
Graphics O O O O O
Drawings O O O O O
Tables O O O O O
Did you discover any errors in this manual?

If so, on what page?
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 83
Readers’ comments
Suggestions for improvement and additional information:
General comments:
Sender:
Company / Department:
Name / Telephone number:
Street:
Zip code / City:
E-mail:
Date / Signature:
Dear User,
Please fill out and return this page

X as a fax to the number +49 (0)7127/14-1600 or
X to
Hirschmann Automation and Control GmbH
Department AED
Stuttgarter Str. 45-51
72654 Neckartenzlingen
Redundanz L2E
84 Release 5.0 04/09
Index
B Index
A R
Advanced Mode 19 Rapid Spanning Tree 9, 53
Age 74 Redundancy 5
Alternate port 67 Redundancy existing 18, 21
Redundancy functions 9
B Redundancy Manager 12
Backup port 67 Redundant 11
Bridge Identifier 56 Redundant coupling 9
Ring 11
C Ring Manager 12
Configuration error 18, 21 Ring structure 12
Configuring the HIPER-Ring 14 Ring/Network Coupling 9
Root port 66
D RST BPDU 66, 68
Designated bridge 66 RSTP 9
Designated port 66
Diameter 74 S
Disabled port 67 Symbol 6
E T
Edge port 66 Technical questions 87
Training courses 87
F Two-Switch coupling 30
FAQ 87 Two-Switch coupling with control line 30
Forward Delay 73
V
H VLAN 17
Hello Time 73
HIPER-Ring 9
HiVision 5
I
Industry protocols 5
L
Loops 40, 42, 48, 50
M
Max Age 73
N
Network load 55
Network Management Software 5
O
One-Switch coupling 30
P
Port state 68
PROFINET 5
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 85
Index
Redundanz L2E
86 Release 5.0 04/09
Further support
C Further support
Technical questions and training courses

In the event of technical queries, please contact your local Hirschmann
distributor or Hirschmann office.
You can find the addresses of our distributors on the Internet:
www.hirschmann-ac.com.
Our support line is also at your disposal:

X Tel. +49 1805 14-1538
X Fax +49 7127 14-1551
Answers to Frequently Asked Questions can be found on the Hirschmann

internet site (www.hirschmann-ac.com) at the end of the product sites in
the FAQ category.
The current training courses to technology and products can be found
under http://www.hicomcenter.com.
Hirschmann Competence Center

In the long term, excellent products alone do not guarantee a successful
customer relationship. Only comprehensive service makes a difference
worldwide. In the current global competition scenario, the Hirschmann
Competence Center is ahead of its competitors on three counts with its
complete range of innovative services:
X Consulting incorporates comprehensive technical advice, from system
evaludation through network planning to project planing.
X Training offers you an introduction to the basics, product briefing and
user training with certification.
X Support ranges from the first installation through the standby service
to maintenance concepts.
With the Hirschmann Competence Center, you have decided against

making any compromises. Our client-customized package leaves you
free to choose the service components you want to use.
Internet:
http://www.hicomcenter.com.
Redundanz L2E
Release 5.0 04/09 87

User Manual: Redundancy Configuration Industrial ETHERNET (Gigabit) Switch RS20/RS30/RS40, MS20/MS30, OCTOPUS

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

User Manual: Redundancy Configuration Industrial ETHERNET (Gigabit) Switch RS20/RS30/RS40, MS20/MS30, OCTOPUS

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

User Manual: Redundancy Configuration Industrial ETHERNET (Gigabit) Switch RS20/RS30/RS40, MS20/MS30, OCTOPUS

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

User Manual

Redundanz L2E Technische Unterstützung

© 2009 Hirschmann Automation and Control GmbH

Rel. 5.0-01-0409 – 30.4.09

About this Manual 5

4 Rapid Spanning Tree 53

4.5 Example of manipulating the tree structure 65

About this Manual

The “Redundancy Configuration” user manual contains all the information

The “Installation” user manual contains a device description, safety instruc-

The "Web-based Interface" reference manual contains detailed information

The "Command Line Interface" reference manual contains detailed informa-

The Network Management Software HiVision/Industrial HiVision provides

The designations used in this manual have the following meanings:

Router with firewall

Switch with firewall

The device contains a range of redundancy functions:

Redundancy Network topology Switching time

Table 1: Comparison of the redundancy procedures

The concept of ring redundancy allows the construction of high-availability,

Figure 1: Line structure

Figure 2: Redundant ring structure

If a section is down, the ring structure of a

Device requirements for using the HIPER-Ring function:

Note: Enabled Ring Redundancy methods on a device are mutually exclu-

2.1 Example of HIPER-Ring

A network contains a backbone in a line structure with 3 devices. To increase

Figure 3: Example of HIPER-Ring

The following example configuration describes the configuration of the ring

Note: As an alternative to using software to configure the HIPER-Ring, with

2.1.1 Setting up and configuring the HIPER-Ring

Bit rate 100 Mbit/s 1000 Mbit/s

Table 2: Port settings for ring ports

Select the Redundancy:Ring Redundancy dialog.

Figure 4: Ring Redundancy dialog

enable Switch to the Privileged EXEC mode.

The displays in the “Redundancy Manger Status” frame mean:

2.2 Example of MRP-Ring

A network contains a backbone in a line structure with 3 devices. To increase

Figure 5: Example of MRP-Ring

The following example configuration describes the configuration of the ring

Set up the network to meet your requirements.

Bit rate 100 Mbit/s 1000 Mbit/s

Table 3: Port settings for ring ports

Select the Redundancy:Ring Redundancy dialog.

Figure 6: Ring Redundancy dialog

In the “Ring Recovery” frame, select 200ms.

The displays in the “Information” frame mean

If VLANs are configured, you make the following selections in the

enable Switch to the Privileged EXEC mode.

MRP domain created:

3.1 Variants of the ring/network

The redundant coupling is effected by the one-Switch coupling of two ports

The redundant coupling is effected by the two-Switch coupling of one port

One-Switch coupling Two-Switch coupling Two-Switch coupling

Table 4: Selection criteria for the variants of the redundant coupling

Note: The choice of configuration primarily depends on the topological

3.2 Preparing a Ring/Network

3.2.1 STAND-BY switch