CENTRIFUGE

PROJECT REPORT

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 CENTRIFUGE

MAIN PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree

of

Bachelor of Technology

in

Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by

AMIT JAISWAL (5808614)

Under the esteemed guidance of

DR. .........................,B.Tech, M.Tech.,Ph.D

Head of Department

Of

Mechanical Engineering

.................................. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Affiliated to ...................................... University)

2016-2017

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 CANDIDATE’S DECLARTION

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented by Amit Jaiswal, Ajay Singh
Chauhan, Rajeev Kumar, Raman Kumar, Vijay Kumar in partial fulfillment of
requirement for the award of degree of B.Tech. in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
submitted at KALPI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY under KURUKSHETRA
UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA is an authentic record of my own work carried out
under the supervision of Er. Harish Kumar Sharma (HOD) and Er. Vikas Kunnar.

Project Member:
Amit Jaiswal [5808614]
Ajay Singh Chauhan [5808615]
Rajeev Kumar [5808608]
Raman Kumar [5808606]
Vijay Kumar [5808613]

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 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the dissertation entitled “ CENTRIFUGE” by RAJEEV

KUSHWAHA, AMIT JAISWAL, SANDEEP ANAND SHARMA, MANISH KUMAR
TRIVEDI, PERVEZ KHAN,& DIVYANSH submitted to the Department of
mechanical engineering, Kalpi Institute Of Technology, Ambala in the partial
fulfillment of requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
mechanical engineering is a record of bonafide work done by him under my supervision
and guidance during the session 2014-15. This work has not been submitted to any other
university or institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Head of department & project Guide

Mr.........................

Department of mechanical engineering

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all we would like to thank our project guide Mr. ...................... Assistant
Professor, Mechanical engineering Department, Kurukshetra University who has given
valuable support during the course of our project by clarifying our doubts and guiding us
with her novel ideas.

We would like to thank Prof. .........................., Head of department, mechanical

engineering, Kurukshetra University.

We extend our sincere thanks to our Dean .................................... Department of

mechanical engineering for giving us this wonderful opportunity to work in desired area
of interest.

We extend our sincere thanks to all teaching staff of mechanical engineering department,
those who helped us in completing this project successfully.

Lastly we also thank the people who directly or indirectly gave us encouragement and
support throughout the project.

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Role and Responsibilities
My roles and responsibilities includes:

 Prepare a requirement document to reach expectations of project and to come up

with functionalities which are needed to be implemented.
 Documentation of expected output for various aspects with accepted margin error
was also documented.
 To design overall system based on workflow requirements.
 Discussion with the project guide and Head of Department on ways to improve
the design and to optimize performance.
 Choosing suitable components and methods based on the configurations
availability and requirements.
 Testing and remedies.
 Recommendations

As a trainee mechanical engineer, I wanted to work on a project work that would

showcase my engineering knowledge. I got the opportunity to work on CENTRIFUGE.
This project was very important as it evaluated my skills and talents in my company.

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PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY

As a mechanical engineer, before undertaking any task I checked the feasibility of the
project. In this project, my role is as team members. This report provides an insight into
the design and fabrication of a CENTRIFUGE.

I wanted to know more details of the project before commencing; hence, I researched the
topic thoroughly by referring to journals and articles online. Additionally, I obtained
more information by taking references about the topic.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1 CANDIDATE’S DECLARTION 3

2 CERTIFICATE 4

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5

4 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES 6

5 PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 7

6 ABSTRACT 9

7 INTRODUCTION 10

8 HISTORY 13

9 TYPES 14

10 CONSTRUCTION & ASSEMBLY 17

11 ADVANTAGES 38

12 FEATURES & BENEFITS 38

13 CONCLUSION 39

14 REFERENCES 40

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 ABSTRACT

We've teamed up with WVO (waste vegetable oil)Designs to bring you the simple-to-use
and simple-to-clean WVO Raw Power Centrifuge. This centrifuge was designed by a
mechanical engineer from the ground up to excel at filtering waste vegetable oil or waste
motor oil in an easy manner. It's easy to use, easy to clean, and best of all, it works
exceptionally well.

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INTRODUCTION

CENTRIFUGE

Clean a Variety of Fluids - You'll gain the ability to produce fuel quality oil from a
variety of waste oils including motor oil, vegetable oil, ATF and hydraulic oil

Extract Dirt and Water - Remove particles and unwanted fluids with this powerful and
effective tool, processing up to 25 gallons/hour!

Save Time - No filters to plug or high pressure hoses to blow appart.

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A centrifuge is a piece of equipment that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis
(spins it in a circle), applying a potentially strong force perpendicular to the axis of spin
(outward). The centrifuge works using the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal
acceleration causes denser substances and particles to move outward in the radial
direction. At the same time, objects that are less dense are displaced and move to the
center. In a laboratory centrifuge that uses sample tubes, the radial acceleration causes
denser particles to settle to the bottom of the tube, while low-density substances rise to
the top.

There are 3 types of centrifuge designed for different applications. Industrial scale
centrifuges are commonly used in manufacturing and waste processing to sediment
suspended solids, or to separate immiscible liquids. An example is the cream separator
found in dairies. Very high speed centrifuges and ultracentrifuges able to provide very
high accelerations can separate fine particles down to the nano-scale, and molecules of
different masses.

Large centrifuges are used to simulate high gravity or acceleration environments (for
example, high-G training for test pilots). Medium-sized centrifuges are used in washing
machines and at some swimming pools to wring water out of fabrics.

Gas centrifuges are used for isotope separation, such as to enrich nuclear fuel for fissile
isotopes.

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A laboratory tabletop centrifuge. The rotating unit, called the rotor, has fixed holes drilled
at an angle (to the vertical), visible inside the smooth silver rim. Sample tubes are placed
in these slots and the motor is spun. As the centrifugal force is in the horizontal plane and
the tubes are fixed at an angle, the particles have to travel only a little distance before
they hit the wall of the tube and then slide down to the bottom. These angle rotors are
very popular in the lab for routine use.

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HISTORY
English military engineer Benjamin Robins (1707–1751) invented a whirling arm
apparatus to determine drag. In 1864, Antonin Prandtl proposed the idea of a dairy
centrifuge to separate cream from milk. The idea was subsequently put into practice by
his brother, Alexander Prandtl, who made improvements to his brother's design, and
exhibited a working butterfat extraction machine in 1875.

Early 20th-century advertising poster for a milk separator.

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TYPES

A centrifuge machine can be described as a machine with a rapidly rotating container that
applies centrifugal force to its contents. There are multiple types of centrifuge, which can
be classified by intended use or by rotor design:

Types by rotor design:

 Fixed-angle centrifuges are designed to hold the sample containers at a constant angle
relative to the central axis.
 Swinging head (or swinging bucket) centrifuges, in contrast to fixed-angle
centrifuges, have a hinge where the sample containers are attached to the central
rotor. This allows all of the samples to swing outwards as the centrifuge is spun.
 Continuous tubular centrifuges do not have individual sample vessels and are used for
high volume applications.

Types by intended use:

 Laboratory centrifuges, are general-purpose instruments of several types with distinct,

but overlapping, capabilities. These include clinical centrifuges, superspeed
centrifuges and preparative ultracentrifuges.
 Analytical ultracentrifuges are designed to perform sedimentation analysis of
macromolecules using the principles devised by Theodor Svedberg.
 Haematocrit centrifuges are used to measure the volume percentage of red blood cells
in whole blood.
 Gas centrifuges, including Zippe-type centrifuges, for isotopic separations in the gas
phase.

Industrial centrifuges may otherwise be classified according to the type of separation of

the high density fraction from the low density one.

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Generally, there are two types of centrifuges: the filtration and sedimentation centrifuges.
For the filtration or the so-called screen centrifuge the drum is perforated and is inserted
with a filter, for example a filter cloth, wire mesh or lot screen. The suspension flows
through the filter and the drum with the perforated wall from the inside to the outside. In
this way the solid material is restrained and can be removed. The kind of removing
depends on the type of centrifuge, for example manually or periodically. Common types
are:

 Screen/scroll centrifuges (Screen centrifuges, where the centrifugal acceleration

allows the liquid to pass through a screen of some sort, through which the solids
cannot go (due to granulometry larger than the screen gap or due to agglomeration))
 Pusher centrifuges
 Peeler centrifuges
 Inverting filter centrifuges
 Sliding discharge centrifuges
 Pendulum centrifuges
In the sedimentation centrifuges the drum is a solid wall (not perforated). This type of
centrifuge is used for the purification of suspension. For the acceleration of the natural
deposition process of suspension the centrifuges use centrifugal force. With so-called
overflow centrifuges the suspension is drained off and the liquid is added constantly.

Common types are:

 Pendulum centrifuges
 Separator centrifuges (Continuous liquid); common types are:
 Solid bowl centrifuges
 Conical plate centrifuges
 Tubular centrifuges
 Decanter centrifuges, in which there is no physical separation between the solid and
liquid phase, rather an accelerated settling due to centrifugal acceleration.

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Though most modern centrifuges are electrically powered, a hand-powered variant
inspired by the whirligig has been developed for medical applications in developing
countries.

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CONSTRUCTION
COMPONENTS & DESCRIPTIONS

S.NO. PART NAME QUANTITY DESCRIPTION IMAGE

1. RPC ROTOR 1

2. RPC ENCLOSURE 1

3. RPC LID 1

4. RPC LEG 3

5. VIBRATION 3 50 LB Max Load

DAMPENER

6. OVER CENTER 3
DRAW LATCH

7. MOTOR 1 0.33 HP, 3450 RPM,

1PH, 60HZ

8. BARBED HOSE 4 3/4 HOSE ID X 3/4

MALE NPT

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9. PIPE ELBOW 3 90o 3/4 PIPE ELBOW
FEMALE NPT X
MALE NPTPT
10. TRANTORQUE 1 BUSHING FOR 5/8
CLAMP SHAFT

11. HEX BUSHING 1 3/4 MALE NPT X 3/4

FEMALE NPT

12. ADAPTER 1 1/4 MALE NPT X 1/4

MALE FLARE
ADAPTER
13. HEX HEAD PLUG 2 3/4 MALE NPT

14. ALUMINIUM 1 W/2 SET SCREW

SEAL BUSHING

15. OIL SEAL 1

16. OIL SEAL 1

17. O - RING 1 12 X 3/16 VITON

18. O - RING 4 7/16 X 1/16 VITON

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19. FLAT HEAD 6 1/4 - 20 X 5/8
SOCKET CAP
SCREW
20. PHILLIPS PAN 6 8 - 32 X 7/16
HEAD MACHINE
SCREW
21. BUTTON HEAD 4 3/8 - 16 X 1
SOCKET CAP
SCREW
22. HEX HEAD CAP 3 5/16 - 18 X 5/8
SCREW

ASSEMBLY :
LEGS

Materials: 3 RPC Leg, 1 RPC Enclosure, 6 Allen Head Screws;

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 Bolt legs onto housing using 5⁄32 Allen wrench

LATCHES

Materials: 3 Latches, 6 phillips head screws

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 Affix latches with curved piece up

FEET

Materials: 3 x Rubber Dampeners, 3 x Hex cap screws Affix rubber Dampeners to

bottom of legs

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SEAL

Materials: Seals 6152, 6139; 2 x seal set screws; seal bushing

Press the smaller seal, 6152 into the hole on the bottom of the centrifuge housing. Seal
should have open side facing up. Seal will be pressed in with aluminum bushing later.

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Pound large seal (6139) into the top of the aluminum bushing. Leave set screws out or
partially in for now.

Carefully (use a soft object like wood or plastic) pound aluminum seal into the centrifuge
housing. The bottom of the bushing should be flush with the centrifuge casting.

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OUTLET PORTS

Materials: 2 x ¾" Elbows, 2 x barbed hose fittings

Tape elbows and screw it to bottom of the centrifuge housing. Note that the port on the
outside is for clean oil and the inner port is for the drain/sump.

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MOTOR

Materials: Motor; 4 x o-rings; 4 allen screws

Place o rings in holes. Lift motor through and bolt down with 7⁄32 allen wrench. Be
careful not to crimp seal when pushing motor though.

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 Fill seal with grease and attach set screw/plugs with 3⁄32 Allen wrench.

Add 13" o-ring to top of casting.

BOWL MOUNTING

Materials: Centrifuge Bowl, Trantorque clamp

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 Place the trantorque clamp inside the bowl, nut up

Slide bowl with clamp over the shaft and tighten with 7⁄8 socket.

Height should be 1⁄8" to ¼" above bottom lip, ridge on casting.

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LID

Materials: Centrifuge Lid, ¾" Elbow, Hose barb adapter, ¾" to ¼" reducer, ¼" flare tube
fitting, ¾" vent plug, ¾" plug

Add vent, plug and ¾" elbow and barb to lid.

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Add ¾” to ¼” reducer and flare fitting to inside of lid, on same port as inlet fittings.

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COMPLELTE ASSEMBLY CENTRIFUGE

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Add A Cone Booster For Great Results.
The cone booster increases the efficiency of the centrifuge for ultimate in cleaning
performance while maintaining the easy and quick cleaning ability of the open bowl
design.
Oil is fed into through the center port of the lid directly into the cone booster. The booster
then gets the oil spinning prior to entering the centrifuge bowl. This reduces turbulance in
the bowl and also keeps splashing to a minimum.

As seen below, the booster feeds the incoming/dirty oil into the bottom of the centrifuge
bowl, forcing the dirty oil to have to work it's way through the entire batch of existing oil
in the bowl.

Because of the booster's simple design, the centrifuge bowl can still be cleaned with the
booster installed and makes the Raw Power Centrifuge even stronger.

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Easy Installation
It comes with 3 bolts and bolts directly to the current 22 oz rotor design with no
modification. It can also bolt to older 22oz legacy bowls with minor modification
(tapping of drain holes). Simply install the booster, ensure the oil feed is connected to the
center port of the lid, and you're all set.

Add Heat And Watch The Oil Flow Like Crazy

As everyone knows, heating up waste vegetable oil makes it flow better. The folks at
WVO Designs know this and have designed one heck of a sweet inline oil heating
attachment that works extremely well with the Raw Power Centrifuge.

This sweet inline heater packs a punch! It utilizes a heavy duty 1,000 watt element that
can be wired to use 120 or 240 volts and features an integrated thermostat that can be pre-
set at any temperature between 60° F and 250° F. The housing mounts right to the
centrifuge and includes a cover for the element and a heavy duty hose to connect it to the
centrifuge lid. Because the oil flows from the bottom up, the element is sure to always be
bathed in oil when filtering which means the oil stays hotter.
In testing, we set ours at 150° F and it easily kept the oil up to temperature even when
flowing at 15 gallons per hour. We especially liked the integrated thermostat! Talk about
one slick unit! We thought of several other uses that it could be used for outside of just
pre-heating oil for centrifuging. It comes with all the right mounting hardware and even a
safety cap for the top to keep the electrical components tucked out of the way. We think
it's well worth the additional cost. You'll love it the moment you power it up.

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Fully Adjustable Flow Rate
You can vary the oil flow from 0 to 25 gallons per hour. Speed the flow rate up and you
get clean oil in record time. Slow it down and the oil will be filtered with extreme
precision. Flowing at just 10 gallons per hour can yield you oil that's filtered clear down
to 1 Micron.

Based on the test we did with 5 gallons of oil filtered in about 20 minutes, we estimate
we were running it through the centrifuge at 15 gallons per hour. Our test was based on a
gravity feed with a carboy about 2 feet above the centrifuge and we didn't have any
appreciable pressure pushing down on the oil, in fact we were fighting a vacuum on the
carboy as the oil flowed out of it. You could easily get much higher flow rates simply
with a larger volume of oil or by using a transfer pump.

With it's ability to be pump fed or gravity fed, you can literally filter hundreds of gallons
of oil quickly and easily and with relatively little effort on your part. Just connect the
centrifuge to an oil input, pipe the good & bad oil output to the appropriate containers,
turn the centrifuge on and let the oil flow! The centrifuge will do the rest.

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Easy To Use And A Lot Less Mess
The Raw Power Centrifuge was designed specifically with ease of use in mind. By
attaching the motor directly to the rotor there's no need for high pressure pumps or
pressure gauges. Because there's practically no pressure, it also means no bursting hoses
spraying oil everywhere. Instead, you get incredibly clean, filtered oil that's ready to use
in a matter of hours.

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Cleaning The Raw Power Centrifuge Is A Breeze
This centrifuge is unique because the centrifuge rotor can easily be removed with it's
quick disconnect fitting. This makes cleaning the unit an absolute breeze! Just loosen the
quick connect fitting, pull the rotor, clean it out, put it back in, tighten it back down and
you're back in business.

Easy To Assemble And Customize

The Raw Power Centrifuge was designed to be extremely easy to assemble, easy to
customize, and easy to use. All of the parts have been manufactured to exacting standards
to ensure that they fit together like a glove. Everything arrives all pre-packaged and
comes with complete instructions for assembly.

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WORKING

How The Centrifuge Works

The Raw Power Centrifuge works by applying g-force to a liquid, causing a “forced
settling” of the denser particles and fluids to occur. Water and dirt are denser than our
beloved oil, so the centrifugal forces pull the unwanted particles and liquids out of the oil,
leaving the greasy goodness to safely burn in a properly converted vehicle, refine into
biodiesel or sell to the market.

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CENTRIFUGE FLOW

 Flow should be 10–20 gallons/hour for fuel quality oil at 150˚F. Use a valve to
control the flow, otherwise oil will flow out of the overflow. The restrictor on the lid
is not enough to reduce the flow. Measure the flow by timing how long it takes to fill
a 5 gallon bucket. Flow over 25 gallons/hour, the centrifuge will flood. Start at the
lower flow rates, 10 gph, and work your way up.
 Heaters should not run dry. When building your own, plumb in a low spot to prevent
and include a thermostat. Oil is best cleaned when Hot, at least 150˚F.
 Cleaning—For a finer clean, slow down the flow of oil into centrifuge. The centrifuge
will not clean the dregs or really dirty/water logged oil. It is best used for a fi ne
cleaning, producing a fuel quality oil. If you have lots of debris and water in your oil,
let it settle and pull or pour off the top, then into the centrifuge.
 Water and debris will be trapped in the bowl. Stop the bowl to let the water drain
every 40 gallons or so. Cleaning of the bowl itself can be done every 200+ gallons or
so, when the wall of dirt on the inside of the bowl gets thicker than ¼”.

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 Clean the bowl out with hot soapy water, a scraper and sponge. The bowl does not
need to be perfectly cleaned every time. During a batch, a quick cleaning can be done
without removing the bowl. Reserve deep cleaning until the batch is finished.

ADVANTAGES

 Powerfully clean a variety of oils, even the really nasty stuff

 Facilitate your oil processing
 Save you time and money

FEATURES & BENEFITS

 Cast Aluminum - Built to last a lifetime and fully recyclable after that.
 Rotor Speed - Either standard 3450 rpms or up to 6,000 rpms.
 No Pumps - Gravity Feed is VERY reliable- its FREE and will never wear out.
 No Pressure - High pressure pumps and fittings are expensive and leaks costly
 Direct Drive - Rotor speed is unquestionable
 Industrial Strength - High-quality Baldor motor means extreme reliability
 High Capacity - Rotor holds over half a liter – (about the total size of a OC-20)
 Single Pass - Adjust flow rate to suit cleaning requirement and temperature
 High Temperature Capable - Can handle liquids up to 350° F.

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CONCLUSION

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REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifuge
https://utahbiodieselsupply.com/images/centrifugewvo/CentrifugeAssembly-2014-05.pdf
http://www.wvodesigns.com/extreme-raw-power-centrifuge.html
http://www.utahbiodieselsupply.com/centrifugewvo.php

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