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Important Notes of 10th Class Math Exercise 3.4

The document provides solutions to 8 problems involving variations. The solutions use the componendo-dividendo theorem to prove that the ratio of two quantities is equal to the ratio of their variations. For example, in problem 1 it is proved that if (a+b)/(c+d) = (a-b)/(c-d), then a/c = b/d. In problem 2, the value of (49+103)/(2+103) is found to be 52/105 using the componendo-dividendo theorem.

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Tayyabah Shah
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6K views18 pages

Important Notes of 10th Class Math Exercise 3.4

The document provides solutions to 8 problems involving variations. The solutions use the componendo-dividendo theorem to prove that the ratio of two quantities is equal to the ratio of their variations. For example, in problem 1 it is proved that if (a+b)/(c+d) = (a-b)/(c-d), then a/c = b/d. In problem 2, the value of (49+103)/(2+103) is found to be 52/105 using the componendo-dividendo theorem.

Uploaded by

Tayyabah Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no.

62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

1. Prove that :  = : , if

 +   + 
(i).
=
 −   − 
Solution:

4 + 5 4 + 5
=
4 − 5 4 − 5
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

4 + 5 + 4 − 5 4 + 5 + 4 − 5


=
4 + 5 − 4 − 5 4 + 5 − 4 − 5

4 + 5 + 4 − 5 4 + 5 + 4 − 5
=
4 + 5 − 4 + 5 4 + 5 − 4 + 5
8 8
=
10 10


Multiplying by on both sides


=
 
:  = : 

Hence proved.

 +   + 
(ii).
=
 −   − 
Solution:

2 + 9 2 + 9
=
2 − 9 2 − 9
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

2 + 9 + 2 − 9 2 + 9 + 2 − 9


=
2 + 9 − 2 − 9 2 + 9 − 2 − 9

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 1


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

2 + 9 + 2 − 9 2 + 9 + 2 − 9
=
2 + 9 − 2 + 9 2 + 9 − 2 + 9
4 4
=
18 18


Multiplying by on both sides


=
 
:  = : 

Hence proved.

(iii).
 +   + 
=
 −   − 
Solution:

  +    + 
=
  −    − 
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

  +   +    −     +  +  −  
=
  +   −    −     +  −  −  

  +   +   −    +  +  − 
=
  +   −   +    +  −  + 

2   2
=
2  2
  
=
  2
!"
Multiplying by # " on both sides


=
 
:  = : 

Hence proved.

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 2


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

(iv).
  +    + 
=
  −    − 
Solution:

  +      +  
=
  −      −  
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

  +    +    −      +   +    −   
=
  +    −    −      +   −    −   

  +    +   −      +   +   −  
=
  +    −   +      +   −   +  

2   2  
=
2   2 
   
=
    
$!
Multiplying by %# on both sides


=
 
:  = : 

Hence proved.

& + ' & + '


(v).
=
& − ' & − '

Solution:

( + ) ( + )
=
( − ) ( − )

By componendo – dividendo theorem,

( + ) + ( − ) ( + ) + ( − )


=
( + ) − ( − ) ( + ) − ( + )

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 3


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

( + ) + ( − ) ( + ) + ( − )
=
( + ) − ( + ) ( + ) − ( + )

2( 2(
=
2) 2)
( (
=
) )
*
Multiplying by + on both sides


=
 
:  = : 

Hence proved.

+++ −+−
(vi).
=
+−− −−+
Solution:

+++ −+−
=
+−− −−+
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

+  +  +  +  +  −  −  −  +  −  +  −  −  + 
=
+  +  +  −  +  −  −  −  +  −  −  −  −  + 

++++ +−− −−−+ −−+


=
+++− −++ −−−− ++−
2 + 2 2 − 2
=
2 + 2 2 − 2
2 +  2 − 
=
2 +  2 − 

+ −
=
+ −
Or,

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 4


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

+ +
=
− −
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

+  +  −   +  +  − 
=
+  +  −   +  −  − 

++ − ++−
=
+− + +−+
2 2
=
2 2

=
 
:  = : 

Hence proved.

 +  +  +   −  +  − 
(vii).
=
 +  −  −   −  −  + 
Solution:

2 + 3 + 2 + 3 2 − 3 + 2 − 3
=
2 + 3 − 2 − 3 2 − 3 − 2 + 3
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

2 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 − 2 − 3 2 − 3 + 2 − 2 + 2 − 3 − 2 + 3
=
2 + 3 + 2 + 3 − 2 + 3 − 2 − 3 2 − 3 + 2 − 3 − 2 − 3 − 2 + 3

2 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 − 2 − 3 2 − 3 − 2 − 3 + 2 − 3 − 2 + 3
=
2 + 3 + 2 + 3 − 2 − 3 + 2 + 3 2 − 3 − 2 − 3 − 2 + 3 + 2 − 3
4 + 6 4 − 6
=
4 + 6 4 − 6
22 + 3 22 − 3
=
22 + 3 22 − 3

2 + 3 2 − 3
=
2 + 3 2 − 3

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 5


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

Or,

2 + 3 2 + 3
=
2 − 3 2 − 3
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

2 + 3 + 2 − 3 2 + 3 + 2 − 3


=
2 + 3 + 2 − 3 2 + 3 − 2 − 3

2 + 3 + 2 − 3 2 + 3 + 2 − 3
=
2 + 3 − 2 + 3 2 + 3 − 2 + 3
4 4
=
6 6
.
Multiplying by  on both sides


=
 
:  = : 

Hence proved.

(viii).
 +   + 
=
 −   − 
Solution:

 +    + 
=
 −    − 
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

 +   +   −     +  +   − 
=
 +   −   −     +  −   − 

 +   +  −    +  +  − 
=
 +   −  +    +  −  + 

2  2 
=
2  2

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 6


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

 
=
  
$
%
Multiplying by on both sides


=
 
:  = : 

Hence proved.

2. Using theorem of componendo-dividendo


/01 /03 13
(i). Find the value of /21 + /23 , 56 / = 103

Solution:

49:
Since,
8= _________<
9+:

292:
8=
9+:

8 2:
=
29 9 + :

By componendo – dividendo theorem,

8 + 29 2: + 9 + :
=
8 − 29 2: − 9 + :

8 + 29 2: + 9 + :
=
8 − 29 2: − 9 − :

8 + 29 3: + 9
= _________<<
8 − 29 :−9

Again from eq(i), we have

8 29
=
2: 9 + :

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 7


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

8 + 2: 29 + 9 + :
=
8 − 2: 29 − 9 + :

8 + 2: 29 + 9 + :
=
8 − 2: 29 − 9 + :

8 + 2: 39 + :
= _________<<<
8 − 2: 9+:

Adding eq(ii) & eq(iii)

8 + 29 8 + 2: 3: + 9 39 + :
+ = +
8 − 29 8 − 2: :−9 9+:

8 + 29 8 + 2: 3: + 9 39 + :
+ = +
8 − 29 8 − 2: : − 9 −: − 9

8 + 29 8 + 2: 3: + 9 39 + :
+ = −
8 − 29 8 − 2: :−9 :−9

8 + 29 8 + 2: 3: + 9 − 39 − :
+ =
8 − 29 8 − 2: :−9

8 + 29 8 + 2: 2: − 29
+ =
8 − 29 8 − 2: :−9

8 + 29 8 + 2: 2: − 9
+ =
8 − 29 8 − 2: :−9

8 + 29 8 + 2:
+ =2
8 − 29 8 − 2:
=0 > =0 & ?@>&
(ii). Find the value of=2 > + =2 & , 56 = =
>0&

Solution:

10B(
Since,
A= _________<
B+(

5B2(
A=
B+(

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 8


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

A 2(
=
5B B + (

By componendo – dividendo theorem,

A + 5B C2( + B + (D
=
A − 5B 2( − B + (

A + 5B 2( + B + (
=
A − 5B 2( − B − (

A + 5B 3( + B
= _________<<
A − 5B (−B

Again from eq(i), we have

A 2B
=
5( B + (

By componendo – dividendo theorem,

A + 5( 2B + B + (
=
A − 5( 2B − B + (

A + 5( 2B + B + (
=
A − 5( 2B − B − (

A + 5( 3B + (
= _________<<<
A − 5( B−(

Adding eq(ii) & eq(iii)

A + 5B A + 5( 3( + B 3B + (
+ = +
A − 5B A − 5( (−B B−(

3( + B 3B + (
= +
( − B −( − B

3( + B 3B + (
= −
(−B (−B

3( + B − 3B − (
=
(−B

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 9


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

2( − 2B
=
(−B

2( − B
=
(−B

A + 5B A + 5(
+ =2
A − 5B A − 5(
/2E /0E ?
(iii). Find the value of/0E − /2E , 56 / = 2
.

Solution:

Since,

12 
8= _________<
−
26 
8=
−
8 2
=
6 − 
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

8 − 6 2 −  − 
=
8 + 6 2 +  − 

8 + 6 2 − + 
=
8 − 6 2 + − 
8 + 6 3 −
= _________<<
8 − 6 +
Again from eq(i)

8 2
=
6 − 
8 + 6 2 +  − 
=
8 − 6 2 −  − 

8 + 6 2 + − 
=
8 − 6 2 − + 

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 10


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

8 + 6 3 − 
= _________<<<
8 − 6 +
Subtracting eq(ii) & eq(iii)

8 + 6 8 + 6 3 − 3 + 
− = −
8 − 6 8 − 6 + +
3 − − 3 − 
=
+
4 − 4
=
+
4 − 
=
+
/21 /03 13
(iv). Find the value of /01 − /23 , 56 / = 123

Solution:

39:
8= _________<
9−:
8 :
=
39 9 − :

By componendo – dividendo theorem,

8 − 39 : − 9 − :
=
8 + 39 : + 9 − :

8 − 39 : − 9 + :
=
8 + 39 : + 9 − :

8 − 39 2: − 9
= _________<<
8 + 39 9

Again from eq(i),


8 9
=
3: 9 − :

By componendo – dividendo theorem,

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 11


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

8 + 3: 9 + 9 − :
=
8 − 3: 9 − 9 − :

8 + 3: 9 + 9 − :
=
8 − 3: 9 − 9 + :

8 + 3: 29 − :
= _________<<<
8 − 3: :
Subtracting eq(ii) & eq(iii),

8 − 39 8 + 3: 2: − 9 29 − :
− = −
8 + 39 8 − 3: 9 :

:2: − 9 − 929 − :
=
9:

2:  − 9: − 29  + 9:
=
9:

2:  − 29 
=
9:

2:  − 9  
=
9:
G2& G0' E&'
(v). Find the value of G0& + G2' , 56 G = &2'.

Solution:

6()
H= _________<
(−)

3(2)
H=
(−)

H 2)
=
3( ( − )

By componendo – dividendo theorem,

H − 3( 2) − ( − )
=
H + 3( 2) + ( − )

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 12


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

H − 3( 2) − ( + )
=
H + 3( 2) + ( − )

H − 3( 3) − (
= _________<<
H + 3( (+)

Again from eq(ii),

H 2(
=
3) ( − )

H + 3) 2( + ( − )
=
H − 3) 2( − ( − )

H + 3) 2( + ( − )
=
H − 3) 2( − ( + )

H + 3) 3( − )
= _________<<<
H − 3) (+)

Adding eq(i) & eq(ii)

H − 3( H + 3) 3) − ( 3( − )
+ = +
H + 3( H − 3) (+) (+)

3) − ( + 3( − )
=
(+)

2( + 2)
=
(+)

2( + )
=
(+)

= 2
/2 2/2 ?
(vi). Solve /2 0/2 = ?

Solution:

8 − 2 − 8 − 4 12
=
8 − 2 + 8 − 4 13

By componendo – dividendo theorem,

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 13


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

8 − 2 − 8 − 4 + 8 − 2 + 8 − 4  12 + 13


=
8 − 2 − 8 − 4 − 8 − 2 + 8 − 4  12 − 13

8 − 2 − 8 − 4 + 8 − 2 + 8 − 4 25


=
8 − 2 − 8 − 4 − 8 − 2 − 8 − 4 −1

28 − 2
= −25
−28 − 4

8 − 2
= 25
8 − 4

8 − 2
= 5
8 − 4

Taking square root on both sides

8 − 2
I = J5
8 − 4

8−2
= ±5
8−4
8−2 8−2
= 5 ; = −5
8−4 8−4
8 − 2 = 58 − 4 ; 8 − 2 = −58 − 4

8 − 2 = 58 − 20 ; 8 − 2 = −58 + 20

8 − 58 = −20 + 2 ; 8 + 58 = 20 + 2

−48 = −18 ; 68 = 22

−18 22
8= ; 8 =
−4 6
9 11
8 = ; 8 =
2 3
N 
So, solution set is M , O

J/ 00J/ 2
=
J/ 02J/ 2
(vii). Solve

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 14


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

Solution:

√8  + 2 + √8  − 2
=2
√8  + 2 − √8  − 2
By componendo – dividendo theorem,

√8  + 2 + √8  − 2 + √8  + 2 − √8  − 2 2+1
=
√8  + 2 + √8  − 2 − √8  + 2 − √8  − 2 2−1

√8  + 2 + √8  − 2 + √8  + 2 − √8  − 2 3
=
√8  + 2 + √8  − 2 − √8  + 2 + √8  − 2 1

2√8  + 2
=3
2√8  − 2

√8  + 2
=3
√8  − 2
Taking square on both sides

√8  + 2
Q R = 3
√8 − 2


8 + 2
=9
8 − 2
8  + 2 = 98  − 2

8  + 2 = 98  − 18

8  − 98  = −18 − 2

−88  = −20

−20
8 =
−8
5
8 =
2
Taking square root on both sides

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 15


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

5
J8  = I
2

5
8 = ±I
2

T T
Since solution 8 = ±S does not satisfy the given equation, so 8 = ±S is an extraneous root.
 

T
Solution set is {8 = ±S Extraneous root, ∅}

J/ 0V& 2J/ 2& ?


=
J/ 0V& 0J/ 2&
(viii). Solve

Solution:

J8  + 8( − J8  − ( 1
=
J8  + 8( + J8  − ( 3

By componendo – dividendo theorem,

J8  + 8( − J8  − ( + J8  + 8( + J8  − (  1


=
J8  + 8( − J8  − ( − J8  + 8( + J8  − (  3

J8  + 8( − J8  − ( + J8  + 8( + J8  − ( 1+3


=
J8  + 8( − J8  − ( − J8  + 8( − J8  − ( 1−3

2J8  + 8( 4
=
−2J8  − ( −2

J8  + 8(
=2
J8  − (

Taking square on both sides



J8  + 8(
W X = 2
J8  − (

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 16


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

8  + 8(
=4
8  − (

8  + 8( = 48  − ( 

8  + 8( = 48  − 4(

8  − 48  = −4( − 8(

−38  = −12(

−12(
8 =

−3
8  = 4(

8  = 2(

Taking square root on both sides

J8  = J2(

8 = ±2(

So, solution set is Y2(, −2(Z

/0  2/2 ?
(ix). Solve /0  =
0/2 ?

Solution:

8 + 5 − 8 − 3 + 8 + 5 + 8 − 3  13 + 14
=
8 + 5 − 8 − 3 − 8 + 5 + 8 − 3  13 − 14

8 + 5 − 8 − 3 + 8 + 5 + 8 − 3 27
=
8 + 5 − 8 − 3 − 8 + 5 − 8 − 3 −1

28 + 5 27
=
−28 − 3 −1

8 + 5
= 27
8 − 3

8 + 5
= 3
8 − 3

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 17


MATHEMATICS(Science) Unit # 3 VARIATIONS Page no. 62-63
Class 10th EXERCISE 3.4

Taking cube root on both sides

8 + 5
I
\
= J3
\

8 − 3

8+5
=3
8−3
8 + 5 = 38 − 3

8 + 5 = 38 − 9

8 − 38 = −9 + 5

−28 = −14

−14
8=
−2
8=7

So, solution set is Y7Z

Composed by: Maryam Jabeen Page 18

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