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Review of Elastic Bending Theory Fully Plastic Moment: References

This document is a lecture on beam design that covers: - Definitions of beams and examples of beams resisting gravity and lateral loads - The standard process for designing beams including determining design loads, nominal strength, and checking serviceability requirements - Analysis of bending behavior for elastic and inelastic conditions including stresses, strains, curvature, and the fully plastic moment Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts regarding elastic and plastic bending behavior.

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35 views12 pages

Review of Elastic Bending Theory Fully Plastic Moment: References

This document is a lecture on beam design that covers: - Definitions of beams and examples of beams resisting gravity and lateral loads - The standard process for designing beams including determining design loads, nominal strength, and checking serviceability requirements - Analysis of bending behavior for elastic and inelastic conditions including stresses, strains, curvature, and the fully plastic moment Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts regarding elastic and plastic bending behavior.

Uploaded by

MustafaMahdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review of Elastic Bending

Theory
Fully Plastic Moment

MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY


SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

LECTURE VII

Dr. Jason E. Charalambides

Beams
 References:
 AISC Specification and Commentary:
• Chapter F: Design of Members for Flexure
• Chapter G: Design of Members for Shear
• Chapter B – Section B4: Local Buckling
 AISC Manual Part 3 – Beam Design Aids

2
Definitions
 What is a Beam?
 Typically they are horizontal
members
 Support gravity loads along their
length
 Loads may be Uniformly Distributed
along the length
 Loads can be set at point(s)
 A good term to use is (flexural
member) because that is what a
beam is mainly designed for
 But beams also participate in
resisting lateral loads in rigid frames
(so they also take axial loads)

Examples of Beams Resisting


Gravity Loads
 Effect of Uniformly Distributed
Load applied on beams

4
Examples of Beams Resisting
Gravity Loads
 Effect of point load applied on
beams

Examples of Beams Resisting


Lateral Loads
 Note the deflected form of the
beam due to the transfer of
moment from deflected
columns

Diagram  indicates  greatly  exaggerated  deflec2ons  on  frame  members  subjected  to  
lateral  loading. 6
Standard Process for Design
of Beams
 Steel is designed for minimum
cross sectional area set in a way
that it will address Moment stress
optimally. Shear is somewhat less
of an issue:
 Determine Design loads and
calculate Vu and Mu
 Compute the nominal strength
Vn and Mn for the beam
 Address the following
V u ≤ΦV n M u ≤ΦM n

 Check serviceability:
 Deflection
 Vibrations
7

The Dom-ino frame design by Le Corbusier during the early 20th century
became a paradigm ,a datum in the history of architecture and a
reference to the modernist movement.

Review of Bending Theory -


Beams
 Objective
 Given a beam subjected to bending moment, determine the following:
 Bending stress: σ
 Bending Strains: ε
 Curvature: φ

The Dom-ino frame design by Le Corbusier during the early 20th century
became a paradigm ,a datum in the history of architecture and a
reference to the modernist movement.
Analysis
 Stress Strain Law
 Assuming no residual stresses

The Dom-ino frame design by Le Corbusier during the early 20th century
became a paradigm ,a datum in the history of architecture and a
reference to the modernist movement.

Analysis
 Plane Sections remain Plane
 Strain varies linearly over height of x-section
 Holds for elastic or inelastic behavior

10

The Dom-ino frame design by Le Corbusier during the early 20th century
became a paradigm ,a datum in the history of architecture and a
reference to the modernist movement.
Analysis
 For stresses on x-section:

 P =∫ σ d A

 M =∫ yσ d A

 Holds for elastic or inelastic behavior

11

Elastic Behavior
 For stresses on x-section:

 P =∫ σ d A

 M =∫ yσ d A

 Φ = curvature (1/in)
 ε = yφ (plane sections remain plane)

For elastic behavior


Μ
 N/A at centroid Φ= (basis of moment-area method)
ΕΙ
Μc M Ι
 σ max = = → S= [Tabulated in AISC manual]
Ι S c
12
Elastic Behavior
 For stresses on x-section:

 P =∫ σ d A

 M =∫ yσ d A

For elastic behavior


 Lim. of elastic behavior σ max =F y (In absence of residual stresses)
 Defining My as the moment at first yield (when σ_max=Fy)

My
F y= M y=SF y
S

13

Example

14
Example

15

Example

16
Example

17

Inelastic Behavior
 Neutral Axis Location
 After the first yield, the N/A is no longer guaranteed to be at the
geometric centroid.
 However, the N/A can always be located by the requirement:

P =∫ σ d A

18
Inelastic Behavior
 Relationship between Stress and Moment
 After the first yield, the formula for stress “σ” no longer applies.
 However, the moment corresponding to any given stress distribution
can be found from:
M =∫ yσ d A

19

Inelastic Behavior of Steel


Flexural Members
 Consider the bending stresses as curvature increases:

 In the absence of strain hardening, the maximum moment which can


be sustained occurs when every fiber of the section has yielded.
 At that point the section is “fully plastic” and the corresponding
moment is Mp
 Per AISC Mn≤Mp

20

The Dom-ino frame design by Le Corbusier during the early 20th century
became a paradigm ,a datum in the history of architecture and a
reference to the modernist movement.
Plastic Hinge
 How does an element behave when it's extreme top and bottom
fibers yield?
 When a concentrated load is applied this effect is very prominent.
The yielding of the extreme fiber may extend between one third of the
span for a member of rectangular cross section, to one eighth of the
span for a W shape.
 A gradual yielding of the interior fibers proceeds
 This effect occurs on “compact” sections and only if bracing occurs
that will not allow lateral torsional or local buckling.

21

The Dom-ino frame design by Le Corbusier during the early 20th century
became a paradigm ,a datum in the history of architecture and a
reference to the modernist movement.

Example

22

The Dom-ino frame design by Le Corbusier during the early 20th century
became a paradigm ,a datum in the history of architecture and a
reference to the modernist movement.
Example

23

The Dom-ino frame design by Le Corbusier during the early 20th century
became a paradigm ,a datum in the history of architecture and a
reference to the modernist movement.

Example

24

The Dom-ino frame design by Le Corbusier during the early 20th century
became a paradigm ,a datum in the history of architecture and a
reference to the modernist movement.

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