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Example Pointers

This document discusses pointers and memory addresses in C programming. It includes 3 key points: 1) It demonstrates how to declare pointer variables and dereference pointers to access the value stored in a memory address. Pointers store the address of other variables. 2) It shows how arrays are stored in memory as contiguous blocks and how array names are pointers to the first element. It demonstrates accessing array elements using indexing and pointer arithmetic. 3) It discusses strings as arrays of characters and how to safely modify strings using functions like strncpy instead of directly modifying the character values, as string literals stored in read-only memory cannot be changed.

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Galingasis Juozelis
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130 views

Example Pointers

This document discusses pointers and memory addresses in C programming. It includes 3 key points: 1) It demonstrates how to declare pointer variables and dereference pointers to access the value stored in a memory address. Pointers store the address of other variables. 2) It shows how arrays are stored in memory as contiguous blocks and how array names are pointers to the first element. It demonstrates accessing array elements using indexing and pointer arithmetic. 3) It discusses strings as arrays of characters and how to safely modify strings using functions like strncpy instead of directly modifying the character values, as string literals stored in read-only memory cannot be changed.

Uploaded by

Galingasis Juozelis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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#include <stdio.

h> //scanf , printf

#include <stdlib.h>//needed for exit(0)


#include <string.h>
//compile with gcc -std=c99 filename.c
//compile with newer c standart gcc -std=c11 filename.c

void main(){

//each var will consume 4 bytes in memory


int rand1=12,rand2=15;

//print addresses for variables with %p in hex


//get memory address for var with &
printf("rand1 = %p : rand2 = %p \n",&rand1,&rand2 );

//print address in decimal with %d

printf("rand1 = %d : rand2 = %d \n",&rand1,&rand2 );


printf("size of int %d\n",sizeof(rand1));

//to save memory address of variable we use pointer variable

int *pRand1=&rand1;
printf("\n");
printf("Pointer %p \n",pRand1 );
printf("Pointer %d \n",pRand1 );

//get data from a pointer is called dereferencing


//to get data use *
printf("Value in memory address %d is %d\n",pRand1, *pRand1);

//***arrays and pointers


//array name is a pointer to array itself, it points to first item
int primeNumbers[]={2,3,5,7};
printf("First number : %d\n",primeNumbers[0]);
//get first array item by dereferencing pointer
printf("First number : %d\n",*primeNumbers);

//increment the pointer and dereference result and get second item
printf("Second number : %d\n",*(primeNumbers+1));

int * pToSecond=primeNumbers+1;
printf("Second number : %d\n",*pToSecond);
printf("\n");
//*** arrays of string
//create array of pointers
char * students[5]={"lolis","petras","jake","asfdasdfsad","bubu"};
//this also works
//char * students[]={"lolis","petras","jake","asfdasdfsad","bubu"};

for(int i=0; i<5;i++){


printf("%s : mem_address %d\n",students[i],&students[i]);
}

printf("\n");
for(int i=0; i<5;i++){
printf("%s : mem_address %d\n",*(students+i),students+i);
}

printf("\n");

char word[]="Test";

printf("%c address is %d\n",*(word+1),word+1);//prints e


printf("%s address is %d\n",word,word);//prints whole word Test
printf("\n");
*(word+1)='B';
printf("%c address is %d\n",*(word+1),word+1);//prints B
printf("%s address is %d\n",word,word);//prints whole word TBst
printf("\n");
//safely overwrite word
strncpy(word,"abcdefghjklm",sizeof(word)-1);//dont touch '\0'
printf("%c address is %d\n",*(word+1),word+1);//prints b
printf("%s address is %d\n",word,word);//prints abcd
printf("\n");

//THIS WAY IS NOT POSSIBLE TO MODIFY


char *text="Test";//constant read only and cannot be modified
printf("%s address is %d\n",text,&text);
//*(text+1)='B';//this will throw error
//strncpy(text,"abcdefghjklm",sizeof(text)-1);//this will throw error
printf("%s address is %d\n",text,&text);
}

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