QUALITY GURUS & Dr.

Mahmoud El Damaty
Consultant Surgeon
7 BASIC QUALITY TOOLS AUC & AASTMT Instructor
[email protected] 1
Quality Guru
A guru, by definition, is a good person, a wise person and a
teacher.
A quality guru should be all of these, plus having a concept
and approach to quality within business that has made a
major and lasting impact.

[email protected] 2
 The Americans who went to Japan – Deming

W. Edwards Deming

[email protected] 3
The Americans who went to Japan – Juran

Joseph M. Juran

[email protected] 4
The Japanese – Ishikawa

Kaoru Ishikawa

[email protected] 5
 The Japanese – Shingo
• Shigeo Shingo is strongly associated with
Just-in-Time manufacturing
• The inventor of the single minute
exchange of die (SMED) system, in which
set up times are reduced from hours to
Shigeo Shingo minutes, and…
• Poka-Yoke (mistake proofing) system.

[email protected] 6
 Western Gurus – Crosby
Philip B. Crosby is known for the concepts of
“Quality is Free” and “Zero Defects”, and his
quality improvement process is based on his four
absolutes of quality:
1. Quality is conformance to requirements
2. The system of quality is prevention
Philip B. Crosby 3. The performance standard is zero defects
4. The measurement of quality is the price of non-
conformance
[email protected] 7
Western Gurus – Peters
Tom Peter believes that, as the effective leader
walks, at least 3 major activities are happening:
1. Listening suggests caring
2. Teaching values are transmitted
3. Facilitating able to give on-the-spot help
Tom Peters

[email protected] 8
 Western Gurus – Donabedian

Avedis Donabedian

[email protected] 9
7 BASIC QUALITY TOOLS
7 Basic Quality Tools
1. Flowchart
2. Check Sheet
3. Fishbone + Brainstorming ( Tool of the tools )
4. Pareto
5. Scattered Diagram
6. Histogram
7. Control Chart
[email protected] 11
1. Flowchart
High Level: boxes & arrows •To adjust the process(macro, micro)
Detailed Flow Diagram: •Reduce wastes
•No limited no. of steps •Reduce cycle time
•Use international symbols •Identify VA & NVA

[email protected] 12
1. Flowchart
Connector Rework Loop

Start &end
Decision

Flow Line
Data Base
Process
Manual Document
[email protected] 13
1. Flowchart

[email protected] 14
2. Check Sheet
The check sheet is a simple document that is used for collecting
data in real-time and at the location where the data is generated.

Use tally marks for counting defects and defectives.

[email protected] 15
3. Cause and Effect Diagram
Fishbone or Ishikawa
To identify potential factors causing an overall effect.

[email protected] 16
4. Pareto Chart
Named after Vilfredo Pareto and it’s used for prioritization.
It is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph.
• Individual values are represented by descending order by
bars
• % cumulative is represented by the line
• 80% of effects come from 20% of causes
• Separate the “vital few” from the “useful many” (Pareto
Principle)
[email protected] 17
4. Pareto Chart

[email protected] 18
5. Scatter Diagram
Searching for a correlation between two quantitative variables
“Correlation doesn't mean causation”

[email protected] 19
6. Histogram
It measures Process Capability
An SPC technique for one variable
Frequency distribution diagram
Frequency :no of individual inside each bin
Prefer 5-10 bins.
Range =90
Bin width =90/6=10
[email protected] 20
7. Control Chart
It was developed by Walter Shewhart in the early 1920s.
It an SPC technique to determine consistency of the process
UCL: upper control limit
LCL: lower control limit
MEAN
Within limit : under control
If not : out of control
[email protected] 21
7. Control Chart

[email protected] 22
Sample X1 X2 X3 xbar r xdbar rbar uclx lclx uclr lclr
1 6 5.8 6.1 6.0 0.3 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
2 5.2 6.4 6.9 6.2 1.7 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
3 5.5 5.8 5.2 5.5 0.6 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
4 5 5.7 6.5 5.7 1.5 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
5 6.7 6.5 5.5 6.2 1.2 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
6 5.8 5.2 5 5.3 0.8 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
7 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.3 0.5 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
8 6 5.8 6 5.9 0.2 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
9 5.5 4.9 5.7 5.4 0.8 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
10 4.3 6.4 6.3 5.7 2.1 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
11 6.2 6.9 5 6.0 1.9 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
12 6.7 7.1 6.2 6.7 0.9 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
13 6.1 6.9 7.4 6.8 1.3 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
14 6.2 5.2 6.8 6.1 1.6 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
15 4.9 6.6 6.6 6.0 1.7 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
16 7 6.4 6.1 6.5 0.9 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
17 5.4 6.5 6.7 6.2 1.3 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
18 6.6 7 6.8 6.8 0.4 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
19 4.7 6.2 7.1 6.0 2.4 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
20 6.7 5.4 6.7 6.3 1.3 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
21 6.8 6.5 5.2 6.2 1.6 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
22 5.9 6.4 6 6.1 0.5 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
23 6.7 6.3 4.6 5.9 2.1 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0
24 7.4 6.8 6.3 6.8 1.1 6.1 1.2 7.3 4.9 3.1 0

6.1 1.2

[email protected] 23
 R Control Chart 3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

r rbar uclr lclr

[email protected] 24
 Xbar Control Chart
8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

xbar xdbar uclx lclx

[email protected] 25
Formal Assignment 1
Wright briefly about , Hard Copy , Individual :

Juran Trilogy

[email protected] 26
Informal Assignment
Please Search & Demonstrate Briefly by email , Individual :

DMAIC

[email protected] 27
 THANK YOU!

Dr. Mahmoud El Damaty

[email protected] 28