Control and Structure

Part 3 : Break, Goto, Continue, Exit ()

int main()
{
int number=0;
while (1)
{
cout << "*" ;
number = number +1;
if (number ==100)
break;
}
cout <<endl <<"Enough"<<endl;
}
 Do-while + break
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number=0;

do
{
cout << "*" ;
number = number +1;
if (number ==100)
break;
}
while (1);
cout <<endl <<"Enough"<<endl;
}
 For + break
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number=0;

for (number=0;number>=0;number++)
{
cout << "*" ;
if (number ==100)
break;
}
cout <<endl <<"Enough"<<endl;
}
 Example
• A program to average ‘undetermined’ number
of numbers.
START

Count =0

yes

Count <=100?

no

Display “Input
numbers:….(0 to exit)”

Input “numbers”

yes
Numbers=0? Break

no

Count +1 Average = Total / count

Total = total + numbers

END
 Totalling integer input
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number;
int total = 0;

do
{
cout << "Input number (0 to exit):"<<endl;
cin >> number;
if (number==0)
break;
total = total+number;
cout << total <<endl;
}
while (1);
cout << "Final total="<<total<<endl;
}
 Go-to
• The goto statement transfers control to the
location specified by label. The goto statement
must be in the same function as the label it is
referring, it may appear before or after the
label.
 While + goto
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number=0;
while (1)
{
cout << "*" ;
number = number +1;
if (number ==100)
goto enough;
}
enough: cout <<endl <<"Enough"<<endl;
}
 Do-while + goto
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number=0;

do
{
cout << "*" ;
number = number +1;
if (number ==100)
goto enough;
}
while (1);
enough: cout <<endl <<"Enough"<<endl;
}
 For + goto
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number=0;

for (number=0;number>=0;number++)
{
cout << "*" ;
if (number ==100)
goto enough;
}
enough: cout <<endl <<"Enough"<<endl;
}
 Totalling integer input
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number;
int total = 0;

do
{
input: cout << "Input number (input 100 to exit):"<<endl;
cin >> number;
if (number==0)
goto input;
if (number==100)
break;
total = total+number;
cout << total <<endl;}

while (1);
cout << "Final total="<<total<<endl;
}
 Continue
• The continue statement causes a jump, as if
by goto to the end of the loop body (it may
only appear within the loop body of for, range-
for, while, and do-while loops).
 Totalling +ve integer input
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number;
int total = 0;

do
{
cout << "Input number (0 to exit):"<<endl;
cin >> number;
if (number<0)
{continue;}
if (number==0)
break;
total = total+number;
cout << total <<endl;}

while (1);
cout << "Final total="<<total<<endl;
}
 Totalling integer input
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number;
int total = 0;

do
{
cout << "Input number (0 to exit):"<<endl;
cin >> number;
//if (number<0)
// {continue;}
if (number==0)
break;
total = total+number;
cout << total <<endl;}

while (1);
cout << "Final total="<<total<<endl;
}
 Exit
• The C++ library function void exit() terminates
the calling process immediately
 Totalling integer input
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int number;
int total = 0;

do
{
cout << "Input number (0 to exit):"<<endl;
cin >> number;
if (number==0)
{exit(0);}
total = total+number;
cout << total <<endl;}

while (1);
cout << "Final total="<<total<<endl;
}