Thesis

Chapter I
The Problem and its Background
Introduction
The study covers the areas of Electronics and Automation since the study deals
with an automated device that will requires a specific item in order to exchange for an
item, and most specifically Electro-mechanical engineering as the machine functions
with electronic internal communication that can be found in vending machines.
The first known used of a vending machine was by the work of Hero of
Alexandria, an engineer and mathematician in first-century Roman Egypt. He invented
a machine that accepts a coin that then dispenses holy water. Since then many iterations
of the machine has been invented. One is a coin-operated machine that dispenses tobacco
in the taverns of England during the earlier years of the 16th century. During the early
onset of the 1880s, the first modern coin-operated vending machines were introduced in
London, England. In 1883, Percival Everitt invented a machine that soon became a
feature in railway stations and post offices. His invention is a dispenser for envelopes,
postcards, and even a notepaper.
As of today, there are many changes done from the first known use of vending
machine. This includes change machine, food and snack vending machine, newspaper
vending machine, photo booth, ticket machines, and so more. Vending machines had
been a widespread used by all since it is easy to manage and offers a lot of comfort
because it can be placed in many locations and does not require a 24/7 attention.
ELECTRONICS/
AUTOMATION
ELECTRO-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
VENDING MACHINE THAT

PROVIDES AN ITEM
A DEVICE THAT DISPENSES

AN ITEM IN EXCHANGE
FOR AN ITEM
Figure 1-1 Hierarchy of Topics
Background of the Study
When it comes to providing a better means of comfort and accessibility of
acquiring the necessity, people usually tend to rely on machines that provide the same
kind of service but hopes to get it easier and faster and less hassle. This study will ease
up the process of instead going into a store to acquire an item by providing a machine
that offers the same kind of service but instead of requiring money in exchange, it only
asks for a recyclable item. The study also deals with different Electronic and
Communications Engineering matters that the researchers should practice. The research
tackles with topics like design making, fabrication of device, wiring of circuits, and
programming.
The machine can be referenced from the current style of vending machines.
Vending machine is an automatic machine that offers food or drink or other items. The
machines usually work, when some money is put in a slot. After the money is inserted,
a button or a lever is pushed or pulled in order to chose the item that is being purchased.
Older vending machines were all mechanical, but nowadays the machines being used
are partly automated and electronic this includes acceptance of debit or credit cards in
addition to cash. The basis of this machine is the TOMRA T-53 Recycling (Reverse
Vending) Machine, where the machine requires plastic bottles in exchange for money.
The limitation of this machine is that it can only give money and not items. The second
basis of the machine are those known stores in some parts of the country that offers the
same service of a shop but without a store clerk that tests the truthfulness and humanity
of a customer. The limitation of this kind of service is that some people will of course
not pay up and will just take away an item. The researchers would like to change that
instead of receiving an amount of money, a household item will be exchanged such as
rice or any other. The researchers would like also to include the promotion of the
awareness of conservation of the environment since the device requires recyclable item
in order to acquire the desired item.

Objectives of the Study
General Objectives: To fabricate a device that exchanges something for a
household item.
Specific Objectives:
1. To design a device that will allow the user to choose whether to input a
money or a recyclable item
2. To fabricate the automated device that can be used in the reverse vending
3. To program a code that will be used in the machine
4. To be able to test the machine successfully.
5. To design a device that can promote conservation of environment and
recycling
Significance of the Study
The study is conducted to provide a vending machine that instead of requiring
only money in exchange for an item, the user has an option to input in the form of
monetary or a recyclable item. The researchers will be using motors that will be
programmed using a microcontroller. With this device, people that need a household
item will just access the machine that can be installed on different parts that most store
cannot. It will make the process of shopping easier, more comfortable, and more
accessible. It will also be beneficial to the environment since garbage disposal and
recycling will be observed. It will also be beneficial for the researchers because it will
test the knowledge and improve their skills in the field of Electronics and
Communications Engineering.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
Scope
This project is a simple and modern vending machine, capable of exchanging
recyclable items for an item. The project can be used and in a variety of applications.
The machine’s design is compact and will not take too much space as big as at least 3ft
x 5ft box. The machine’s capacity to hold bottle will be up to 20 at minimum and can
hold at least half a sack of rice. There will also be an option to chose whether if user
wants to pay in form of monetary or exchange bottle for the rice. The software available
for the project are easy to learn. And in case of power outage, there is a battery source
can be used. The people who will benefit on this study are those people that frequently
buy rice from stores.
Limitations
The machine has only a maximum capacity to hold for both recyclable material
and rice and since it has only a maximum capacity and that capacity is not that high, the
need to replenish the amount of rice and to empty the collected bottles are more often
that is expected. And in case of power outage and the battery power source is depleted,
just in any kind of electronic, the machine will not function.

Definition of Terms
Automation - or automatic control, is the use of various control systems for
operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating
ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft, and
other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention.
Electronics - is the science of controlling electrical energy electrically, in which
the electrons have a fundamental role. Electronics deals with electrical circuits that
involve active electrical components.
Microcontroller - A microcontroller is a self-contained system with peripherals,
memory and a processor that can be used as an embedded system.
Vending machine - is an automated machine that provides items such as snacks,
beverages, cigarettes and lottery tickets to consumers after money, a credit card, or
specially designed card is inserted into the machine.
Reverse vending - is a device that accepts used (empty) beverage containers and
returns money to the user. The machines are popular in places that have mandatory
recycling laws or container deposit legislation.

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Chapter I

The Problem and its Background

item, and most specifically Electro-mechanical engineering as the machine functions

with electronic internal communication that can be found in vending machines.

Alexandria, an engineer and mathematician in first-century Roman Egypt. He invented

postcards, and even a notepaper.

VENDING MACHINE THAT

A DEVICE THAT DISPENSES

Figure 1-1 Hierarchy of Topics

Background of the Study

When it comes to providing a better means of comfort and accessibility of

instead of receiving an amount of money, a household item will be exchanged such as

in order to acquire the desired item.

General Objectives: To fabricate a device that exchanges something for a

money or a recyclable item

3. To program a code that will be used in the machine

4. To be able to test the machine successfully.

5. To design a device that can promote conservation of environment and

Significance of the Study

The study is conducted to provide a vending machine that instead of requiring

This project is a simple and modern vending machine, capable of exchanging

buy rice from stores.

just in any kind of electronic, the machine will not function.

Automation - or automatic control, is the use of various control systems for

operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating

other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention.

Electronics - is the science of controlling electrical energy electrically, in which

involve active electrical components.

Microcontroller - A microcontroller is a self-contained system with peripherals,

memory and a processor that can be used as an embedded system.

Vending machine - is an automated machine that provides items such as snacks,

specially designed card is inserted into the machine.

recycling laws or container deposit legislation.

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