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Migrating A php5 App To php7

1. The document discusses migrating a PHP 5 application to PHP 7. It covers upgrading the development environment, tools, and implementing changes needed to be compatible with PHP 7. 2. Some of the key changes discussed include upgrading to PHP 7 compatible web servers and PHP extensions, changing array syntax to disallow numeric string keys, removing deprecated functions and features, and ensuring code compatibility by fixing errors and warnings. 3. The document provides guidance on testing the application during migration, using tools to detect compatibility issues and errors, and ensuring full functionality is maintained after migrating to PHP 7.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
250 views

Migrating A php5 App To php7

1. The document discusses migrating a PHP 5 application to PHP 7. It covers upgrading the development environment, tools, and implementing changes needed to be compatible with PHP 7. 2. Some of the key changes discussed include upgrading to PHP 7 compatible web servers and PHP extensions, changing array syntax to disallow numeric string keys, removing deprecated functions and features, and ensuring code compatibility by fixing errors and warnings. 3. The document provides guidance on testing the application during migration, using tools to detect compatibility issues and errors, and ensuring full functionality is maintained after migrating to PHP 7.

Uploaded by

daniel_cahyadi_1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIGRATING A PHP 5 APP TO

PHP 7

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