AKSUM UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING

CHAPTER ONR : INTRODUCTION TO GARMENT

INDUSTRY

Prepared by :kibrom g/her

 Introduction
What is the difference between apparel, clothing and
garments?

What is clothing?
• Clothing is one of the three basic needs of human being.
Clothing is used for covering human body or other bodies
to fulfill or satisfy the requirements of those bodies with
the object of protection, decoration and identification.
What is Garment?
• A garment is a piece of clothing.
What is apparel?
• Clothes of a particular type when they are being sold in a
shop. Apparel can also include things like name tags,
jewelry or other stuff you wear.
 History of garment industry
• Apparel mass production started in 17th century for
navies and militaries.
• Mass production of garment started at the end of 19th
century in USA and spread to Europe later.
• After First World War, mass production was carried out
widely in western world. At that time, goods were often
made on a "make-through" system: that is, each garment
was made from start to finish by one multi-skilled
operative or in some cases by a skilled master tailor who
employed several trainees to work under his guidance
• Later ford’s model of mass production started in the
manufacturing of men’s clothing as it more standardized
and incorporate less number of details than women’s
clothing.
 Garment Manufacturing
process
• Garment manufacturing it includes the processes from
order receiving to dispatching shipment of the finished
garments.
• Basically garment manufacturing process divided into three
• Pre-Production Processes - Pre-production process
includes sampling, sourcing of raw materials, Approvals, PP
meeting etc. Read this for further reading on pre-production
processes.
• Production processes - Production processes are cutting,
sewing etc.
• Post production processes - thread trimming, pressing,
checking, folding and packing, shipment inspection etc.
 Garment Manufacturing process

Design/ Fabric
Sewing
Sketch Cutting

Pattern Fabric
Inspection
Design Spreading

Sample Marker Garment

Dispatch
Making Making Pressing

Production Final
Grading Packing
Pattern Inspection
 1. Design/ Sketch

• Design or Sketch: Before

making an apparel of
garments we must have to
design or sketch the
appearance completely. It
helps us at the further
process to monitor the
manufacturing faults and
process shortage.
 2. Pattern Design
• Pattern drafting. A system of patternmaking that depends
on measurements taken from a form or model to create
basic, foundation, or design patterns.
• Pattern design could also be done manually or with the help
of computer.
3. Sample Making:

• The patterns are used to

cut the fabric. Then the
garment components in
fabric form are used to
sew/assemble the
garment. Sample garment
manufacturing is to be
done by a very efficient
and technically sound
person.
 4. Production Pattern:
• Production pattern. The
production pattern is a pattern set
that has been corrected and
without error. The patterns must
contain every pattern piece
required to complete the
garment.
• These are made on the block or
basic pattern .the production
pattern must be add those
information
• Sewing allowance
• Button attaching position
• Button hole position
• And other different pattern
information
 5. Grading
Grading is a process of increases and decreases the
size of patterns
• The purpose of grading is to create
patterns in different standard sizes.
• Grading a pattern is really scaling a
pattern up or down in order to
adjust it for multiple sizes. Pattern
sizes can be large, medium and
small or else there are standard
patterns of size 10, 12, 14, 16 and
so on for different figure and
statures sizes. This is generally how
we get S M L XL XXL sizing.
 6. Marker Making
Marker A marker is a diagram of a precise arrangement
of pattern pieces for sizes of a specific style that are to be
cut from in one spread.
What is Marker Making?
Marker making is the process of determining a most efficient layout
of pattern pieces for a style, fabric and distribution of sizes. It is
useful to break marker making down into
1. Marker planning, or the placement of pattern piece to meet technical
requirements and the needs of material economy,
2. Marker utilization, which may include drawing the marker plan
directly onto fabric, drawing it onto a paper marker by pen or automatic
plotter
Methods of marker making in the garment industry

There are two methods usually used for marker making

in the apparel industry. They are

A.Manual method B. Computerized method

 7. Fabric Spreading

Spreading is the process of superimposing lengths of

fabric on a spreading table, cutting table, or specially
designed surface in preparation for the cutting process.
Fabric spreading is a method where piles of fabric are
spread a specific length and width wise according to the
garment marker measurement.
Fabric spreading is very important task to maintain
proper shape of fabric before cutting of garments.
Fabric Spreading Two types of methods to makes
lay by spreading fabrics.
Manual spreading Semi-automatic spreading
machines
 8. Fabric Cutting
cutting department The main role of a cutting department is to
cut garment components from the fabric as per style specifications.
• In garment industry, heart of the department is cutting. This is the
only place we can control the fabric consumption per garment and
we can save the fabric.
• to cut out the garment component as per exact dimension of each
patterns
 Preparation for sewing

Preparation for sewing

Sorting Ticketing Bundling

 • Sorting is the process of
Sorting arranging the cutting pieces
according size , color etc..

• Ticketing is a process of
given identification
number to the cutting
Ticketing pieces
• Tickets carry details :
style no, size, ply no,
bundle no., date issued

• Small batches of garments

move from one work station
Bundling to another in a controlled
way
 9. Sewing or Assembling
• Sewing is the process of fastening or attaching two parts
of fabric using stitches made with a needle and thread. It
is one of the basic steps of apparel manufacturing process.
Sewing section is the most important department of a
garment manufacturing industry.
 10. Inspection
• Garments inspection is directly related to the garment
quality. Quality means the garments are reasonably
acceptable that means no problem with seam,
appearance, performance, filling, acceptable accessories.
• Garments inspection is an important term in readymade
garments sector.
 11. Garment Pressing:
• The process by which the
unwanted creases and
wrinkles are removed from
the garments and the outlook
of the garments is improved
as well is termed as pressing.
It is also known as ironing.
• Pressing is an important
finishing process of garments.
In garments industries there
is a separate section for
ironing the products.
 12. Final Inspection:
• Final inspection is the last steps of garment inspection
system. In this stage complete garments are inspected
by buyer. Different parts of garments are inspected in
this stage such as garments main fabric, accessories,
trims, label, fabric faults.
 13 .Packing
• Packing is one of the most
important parts garment
manufacturing process . After
completing the entire
manufacturing task garment
required to pack .
• In finishing section packing is
the last step before storing
various types of packing are
done it depends on the type of
apparel .