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1 No Real Solution : Once Upon A Time

The document introduces imaginary and complex numbers. It explains that imaginary numbers were invented to allow negative numbers to have square roots and to solve certain equations. The imaginary unit is defined as i, where i2 = -1. Complex numbers consist of real and imaginary parts in the form of a + bi, where a is the real part and bi is the imaginary part. The document provides examples of simplifying imaginary and complex numbers using properties of i, as well as multiplying, dividing and finding conjugates of complex numbers.

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34 views12 pages

1 No Real Solution : Once Upon A Time

The document introduces imaginary and complex numbers. It explains that imaginary numbers were invented to allow negative numbers to have square roots and to solve certain equations. The imaginary unit is defined as i, where i2 = -1. Complex numbers consist of real and imaginary parts in the form of a + bi, where a is the real part and bi is the imaginary part. The document provides examples of simplifying imaginary and complex numbers using properties of i, as well as multiplying, dividing and finding conjugates of complex numbers.

Uploaded by

naufal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Imaginary & Complex Numbers

Once upon a time…

−1 = no real solution

1
-In the set of real numbers, negative numbers do
not have square roots.

-Imaginary numbers were invented so that negative


numbers would have square roots and certain
equations would have solutions.

-These numbers were devised using an imaginary


unit named i.

i = −1

-The imaginary numbers consist of all numbers bi,


where b is a real number and i is the imaginary unit,
with the property that i² = -1.

-The first four powers of i establish an important


pattern and should be memorized.

Powers of i
i1 = i i 2 = −1 i 3 = −i i4 = 1

2
i4 = 1

i 3 = −i i

i 2 = −1 Divide the exponent by 4


No remainder: answer is 1.
remainder of 1: answer is i.
remainder of 2: answer is –1.
remainder of 3:answer is –i.

Powers of i
1.) Find i23 = −i
2.) Find i2006 = −1
3.) Find i37 =i
4.) Find i828 =1

3
Complex Number System
Reals
Imaginary

Rationals i, 2i, -3-7i, etc.


(fractions, decimals)
Integers
(…, -1, -2, 0, 1, 2, …)

Irrationals
Whole (no fractions)
(0, 1, 2, …) pi, e

Natural
(1, 2, …)

Simplify. -Express these numbers in terms of i.

1.)
3.) −5 = −1*5 = −1 5 = i 5

4.) − −7 = − −1* 7 = − −1 7 = −i 7
2.)
3.)
5.) −99 = −1*99 = −1 99
= i 3⋅ 3⋅11
= 3i 11

4
You try…
6. −7 = i 7
7. − −36 = −6i
8. −160 = 4i 10

To multiply imaginary numbers or


an imaginary number by a real
number, it is important first to
express the imaginary numbers in
terms of i.

5
Multiplying
9. 47i ⋅ 2 = 94i
10.
2i ⋅ −5 = 2i ⋅ −1⋅ 5 = 2i ⋅ i 5
= 2i 2 5 = −2 5
11. − −3 ⋅ −7 = −i 3 ⋅ i 7 = −i 2 21
= −(−1) 21 = 21

Complex Numbers

a + bi
real imaginary
The complex numbers consist of all sums a + bi,
where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary
unit. The real part is a, and the imaginary part is bi.

6
Add or Subtract
7.)
12. 7i + 9i = 16i
8.)
13. (−5 + 6i) + (2 − 11i) = −3 −5i

9.)
14. (2 + 3i) − (4 + 2i) = 2 + 3i − 4 − 2i
= −2 + i

Multiplying & Dividing


Complex Numbers

Part of 7.9 in your book

7
REMEMBER: i² = -1

Multiply
1) 3i ⋅ 4i = 12i 2 = 12(−1)= −12

2) (7i )2 = 7 2 2
i = 49(−1) = −49

You try…
3)
−7i ⋅ 12i = −84i 2 = −84(−1)
= 84
2 2 2
4) (− 11i ) = (− 11) (i ) = 121(−1)
= −121

8
Multiply
5) (4 + 3i )(7 + 2i )
= 28 +8i +21i +6i 2
= 28 + 29i + 6i 2
= 28 + 29i + 6(−1)
= 28 + 29i − 6
= 22 + 29i

You try…
6) (2 − i )(3 +10i )
= 6 + 20i − 3i − 10i 2
= 6 + 17i − 10i 2
= 6 + 17i −10(−1)
= 6 + 17i + 10
= 16 + 17i

9
You try…
7)
(5 + 7i )(5 − 7i )
= 25−35i +35i −49i 2
= 25 − 49(−1)
= 25 + 49
= 74

Conjugate
-The conjugate of a + bi is a – bi

-The conjugate of a – bi is a + bi

10
Find the conjugate of each
number…
8) 3 + 4i 3 − 4i

9) −4 − 7i −4 + 7i
10) 5i −5i
11) 6 6
Because 6 + 0i is the same as 6 − 0i

12) Divide…
−5 + 9i 1 + i −5 − 5i + 9i + 9i 2
=
1− i 1+ i 1+ i − i − i2
−14 + 4i −14 + 4i
=
1− i 2
=
2
= −7 + 2i

11
You try…
13)
2 − 3i 3 − 5i 6 − 10i − 9i + 15i 2
=
3 + 5i 3 − 5i 9 − 15i + 15i − 25i 2
−9 − 19i −9 − 19i
= 2 =
9 − 25i 34

QUIZ
(siapkan kertas dan alat tulis)
1. (a) Tuliskan berat badan anda, dengan
satu digit di belakang koma (satuan kg)!
(b) Tuliskan 1(a) dengan sistem bilangan
biner!
2. Tuliskan 4 digit decimal NIM anda dengan
bilangan octal!
3. Tuliskan 3 digit angka octal sesuka anda,
lalu ubah 3 angka tsb menjadi biner!

12

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