ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This Report is the outcome result of Major Project of Madan Ashrit Memorial Technical
School (Kageswori Manahara, Gothatar-Kathmandu) carried by the Group D, which is held up
to the date of 2018-Feb-21 to 2018-Aug-25.

The purpose of this fieldwork was to make each student independent to carry out the work in
real problem in the field. We think, the purpose is suitable for further work and which make us
to produce the report of the fieldwork in time. We are sincerely indebted to our collage
MAMTS, for providing opportunity to consolidate our theoretical and practical knowledge in
Engineering surveying, Architectural design/drawings, Building Estimation, Road quantity
Estimation, Highway and Canal Alignment fixed at site by providing excessive gradient etc.

I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Er. Niraj Pudasaini for their vital
encouragement and support in the completion of this project report. This Major Project gives a
lot of field experience. I would like to thank for, Storekeeper Mr. Manoj Khadka, who co-
operated with me in the matter of guidance to providing instruments.
I would also like to express our sincere gratitude to our subjected related teacher for their
helpful suggestions, friendly behavior and guiding any time during the field work an also
providing prompt comments and rectification necessary before finalization of the report for
their valuable instructions, during the fieldwork, without which it was very difficult to do the
work in the field and to produce the report.
 PREFACE

This Report on Major Project is the brief Description of all the works that were done in the one semester during
the spring season. The main objective of this project is to provide an opportunity to consolidate
and update the practical knowledge in engineering works.
This major project is truly based on our knowledge gained from field organized for the partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the Diploma in Civil Engineering encoded as EG 3205 CE
as per our syllabus in third year second part. This project has been able to impart us the great
opportunity to consolidate and review the practical and theoretical knowledge on different
engineering field, which we gained in diploma engineering syllabus.

Surveying in the actual field condition and habituate to work in different environment with different
people. In this Project, we are supposed to Recci and Survey a given plot in all its aspect and work on road
alignment, Building Design and its Estimation, Calculation of Earthwork of Highway in proper
X-section, L-Section and its topography fulfilling all technical requirements.
This Report includes the entire description of the practical carried out during the Major Project and also includes
the determination of various orientations and curve fitting problems, slope and gradient maintain for Irrigation
canal.
This Report helps us in our further Engineering Practice. The number of problems and calculations done in this
report helps us to deal with the similar problems in our further Engineering practice. Every effort has
been taken to ensure the accuracy in this report. However some errors might have occurred. We will be very
much grateful to the viewers who go through this report for bringing such errors in our notice. Further more we
would be very thankful for the examiners or viewers for their suggestions in improving this report.

Our Surveying Team:

1. Suman Jyoti
2. Anita Chapagain
3. Sabina Dhungana
4. Sujan Shiwakoti
5. Manoj Budhathoki
6. Rupa Rokka
 ABSTRACT

Surveying is the science and art of determining the relative positions of above, on, or beneath
the surface of earth, and is the most important part of Civil Engineering. The results of surveys
are used to map the earth, prepare navigational charts, established property boundaries.
Develop data of land used and natural resource information etc. Further survey maintains
highways, railroads, buildings, bridges, tunnels, canals, dams and many more.

Thus, the objective of Major Project was to make us gain the experience in this field by
performing designing suitable building plan in given land area, learning to propose road
alignment and select suitable gradient for Irrigation Channels.

The report reflects the methodology, observations, estimations and calculations made by the
students in the project with the corresponding drawings. The large portion of the course covered
with elements of topographic surveying, and then those of Road alignment and Irrigation
Channels follow it. The main objective of the Major Project organized for us is to take an
opportunity to consolidate and update our practical and theoretical knowledge in engineering
surveying in the actual field condition.

In this Project we have to prepare a 2.5 storey building design, providing a horizontal curve in
a highway and fixing preferable gradient for canals by fulfilling all technical requirements. In
this regard, we are required to carry out the necessary field works in our sub-group so that we
will get opportunity to the decision on planning and execution of field works. This Project
helps us to build in our confidence to conduct engineering survey on required accuracy
 CONTENTS

S.N TITLE PAGE

1 Building
1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………….... ….1-1
1.2 Types of Buildings ………………………………………….…........... 1-1
1.2.1 Based on Occupancy……………………………………..…….1-2
1.2.2 Based on type of construction…………..………………..……... 2-2
1.3 Components of Buildings………..……………………………..….,......3-4
1.4 Technical Norms and Standards of Buildings………..………….…....…5-5
1.5 Architectural Drawings
1.6 Measure a plot of land for building Layout………..…………….…….....6-9
1.7 Quantity calculation and Cost Estimate……..……………………..…...9-21
1.8 Comment and Conclusion……..………………………………….....21-21
2 Water Supply and Sanitary
2.1 Overview of Water Supply……………………………………...…....22-22
- 2.1.1 Water Supply …………………………………...…………....22-22
- 2.1.2 Method of Water Supply……………………………….……..22-22
- 2.1.3 General Importance of Water…………………………………22-22
- 2.1.4 Objectives of Water Supply…………………………………...22-22
- 2.1.5 Water and its necessity for Life……………………………..…22-23
- 2.1.6 Various work for Water Supply……………………………….23-23
2.2 Overview of Sanitary System………………………………..……….23-23
- 2.2.1 Defination of Terms…………………………………...……...23-23
2.3 Sewers………………………………………………………….….. 23-23
- 2.3.1 Design criteria of sewers………………………………..............24-24
2.4 Septic Tank………………………………………………………….25-25
- 2.4.1 Construction Procedure………………………………....……..25-25
- 2.4.2 Design criteria of Septic Tank…………………..…………...…25-25
- 2.4.3 Elevation of Septic tank……………………………...…...……26-26
- 2.4.4 Design of Septic Tank……………………………...…...……...26-27
2.5 Soak Pit….…………………………………………………..………28-28
- 2.5.1 Construction Procedure………………………………….……28-28
- 2.5.2 Design criteria of Soak Pit…………………………….......……28-28
- 2.5.3 Design of Soak Pit………………………………….......……...28-28
2.6 Estimation of Septic Tank and Soak Pit………………………….…….29-32
3 Highway Surveying
3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………33-33
3. 2 Road Pavement………………………………………………..……33-33
3.2.1 Types of Pavement…………………………………….....……33-34
3.2.2 Functions of Pavement Structures…………………………...…34-34
3.2.3 Elements of Road Pavement……………………………...……34-34
3.3 Curves……………………………………………………………....35-35
3.4 Equipment Requried………………………………………..………..36-36
3.5 Norms…………………………………………………………....….36-36
3.6 Methodology…………………………………………………….…..37-38
3.7 Calculation…………………………………………………….…….39-64
3.8 Estimation of Road (Cut/Fill)…………………………………………64-88
 3.9 Comments and Conclusion……………………....…………………..89-89
3.10 L-Section and X-Section Graph Sheet
4 Irrigation Canals
4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………...….90-90
4.2 Scope of irrigation ……………………………………………..….....90-90
4.3 Methods of Irrigation…………………………………………….….90-90
4.4 Headwork….……………………………………………...……..…91-91
4.4.1 Components of Headwork……………………………………91-92
4.4.2 Sketch of Headwork………………………............……………92-92
4.5 Typical Headwork Structure………………………………..………..93-93
4.5.1 Aqueduct………………………………………………….…93-93
4.5.2 Syphon Aqueduct………………………………………....…..94-94
4.5.3 Super Passage……………………………………………...…95-95
4.5.4 Falls…………………………………………………….……95-95
4. Canal Lining…………………………………………………...…….95-95