Scribd
Upload
63 views2 pages

Application: Presentation 5 Session

The document summarizes the seven layers of the OSI model: 1. The physical layer is responsible for transmitting raw bits and defines electrical specifications for cables and connectors. 2. The data link layer handles frame transmission and error checking at the local network level using MAC addresses. 3. The network layer handles logical addressing, routing, and packet transmission between different networks using IP addresses.

Uploaded by

Saad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views2 pages

Application: Presentation 5 Session

The document summarizes the seven layers of the OSI model: 1. The physical layer is responsible for transmitting raw bits and defines electrical specifications for cables and connectors. 2. The data link layer handles frame transmission and error checking at the local network level using MAC addresses. 3. The network layer handles logical addressing, routing, and packet transmission between different networks using IP addresses.

Uploaded by

Saad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Part I – Internetworking ISO’s(International Organization for Standardization) OSI (Open Systems

Interconnection) Model: Layer PDUs Remarks, Examples 7 Application WWW, E-mail gateways,
user interface. Also responsible for understanding the resources needed to communicate between two
devices and establish their availability. SMTP, FTP. 6 Presentation Translates and converts data
into a known format such as ASCII, JPEG, MIDI, MPEG, encryption, compression. The only layer that can
actually change data. 5 Session Data Keeps different applications’ data separate, NFS, SQL, RPC,
NetBIOS names, X Window. Offers three modes – full-duplex, half-duplex and simplex. Maintains
communication channels and provides dialogue control. Managing, setting up and tearing down
sessions. 4 Transport Segments Reliable or unreliable delivery, error correction before retransmit,
TCP/UDP. Performs flow control, end-toend connection. Port numbers are used at this layer.
Multiplexing, teardown of virtual circuits. Reassemble the data stream. 3 Network Data and Route
Update Packets or Datagrams Logical addressing, routing, IP and IPX. Route update packets are sent at
this layer, in addition to the data packets. Layer 3 devices such as routers break up broadcast domains
and collision domains. 2 Data-Link Frames Layer 2 devices such as switches or bridges break up
collision domains whereas hubs do not. Uniquely identifies each device on a local network. This layer
uses service access points, identify network layer protocol used, flow control and sequencing of control
bits (LLC – Logical Link Control - sublayer) and deals with the protocol access to the physical medium,
network topology and error detection/notification (MAC – Media Access Control - sublayer). A MAC
address on a NIC (Network Interface Card) is a 48 bits address formatted in 12 hexa digits grouped in
twos as such: AF-98-C0-72-A3-2B 1 Physical Bits Moves bits between devices, specify voltages, wire
speed and pin-out cables. Hubs are also known as multiport repeaters and operate at this layer

Default Subnet Masks for the IP Address Classes Class Decimal Mask Binary Mask

A 255.0.0.0 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000

B 255.255.0.0 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000

C 255.255.255.0 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000


http://uap.unnes.ac.id/ebook/Dummies%20Ebooks,%2055%20Ebooks/Wiley%20Publishing%20-
%20CCNA%20For%20Dummies%20%5B2000%5D.pdf

You might also like