Keysight E4412A and

E4413A Power Sensors

Operating and
Service Guide
Notices U.S. Government Rights Warranty
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used or copied only in accordance with use, modify, reproduce, release,
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commercial computer software or calls attention to an operating
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respect to any technical data as calls attention to an operating
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12.211 and 27.404.2 and DFARS not correctly performed or adhered to,
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acquires no greater than Limited Rights Do not proceed beyond a WARNING
as defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR notice until the indicated conditions are
227.7103-5 (c), as applicable in any fully understood and met.
technical data.

2 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

Certification
KeysightKeysight Technologies certifies that this product met its published
specifications at the time of shipment. Keysight further certifies that its calibration
measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standard
and Technology (formerly National Bureau of Standards), to the extent allowed by
that organization’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other
International Standards Organization members.

General Warranty
The material contained in this document is provided “as is,” and is subject to
being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent
permitted by applicable law, Keysight disclaims all warranties, either express or
implied with regard to this manual and any information contained herein,
including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness
for a particular purpose. Keysight shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of
this document or any information contained herein. Should Keysight and the user
have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in
this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate
agreement shall control. Duration and conditions of warranty for this product may
be superseded when the product is integrated into (becomes a part of) other
Keysight products. During the warranty period, Keysight will, at its option, either
repair or replace products which prove to be defective. The warranty period begins
on the date of delivery or on the date of installation if installed by Keysight.

Warranty Service
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility
designated by Keysight. For products returned to Keysight for warranty service,
the Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Keysight and Keysight shall pay
shipping charges to return the product to the Buyer. However, the Buyer shall pay
all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Keysight from
another country.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 3

Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or
inadequate maintenance by the Buyer, Buyer-supplied products or interfacing,
unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental
specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.
The design and implementation of any circuit on this product is the sole
responsibility of the Buyer. Keysight does not warrant the Buyer’s circuitry or
malfunctions of Keysight products that result from the Buyer’s circuitry. In
addition, Keysight does not warrant any damage that occurs as a result of the
Buyer’s circuit or any defects that result from Buyer-supplied products.
To the extent allowed by local law, Keysight makes no other warranty, expressed
or implied, whether written or oral with respect to this product and specifically
disclaims any implied warranty or condition of merchantability, fitness for a
particular purpose or satisfactory quality.

Exclusive Remedies
To the extent allowed by local law, the remedies provided herein are the Buyer’s
sole and exclusive remedies. Keysight shall not be liable for any direct, indirect,
special, incidental, or consequential damages (including lost profit or data),
whether based on warranty, contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

4 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

Restricted Rights Legend
The Software and Documentation have been developed entirely at private
expense. They are delivered and licensed as “commercial computer software” as
defined in DFARS 252.227-7013 (Oct 1988), DFARS 252.211-7015 (May 1991), or
DFARS 252.227-7014 (Jun 1995), as a “commercial item” as defined in FAR
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1987) (or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause), whichever is
applicable. You have only those rights provided for such Software and
Documentation by the applicable FAR or DFARS clause or the Keysight standard
software agreement for the product involved.

Technology Licenses
The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a
license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such
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Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 5

Safety Summary
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of
operation of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with
specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design,
manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Keysight Technologies, Inc.
assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.

Safety Notices

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating

WARNING procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in personal injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a
WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and
met.

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating

CAUTION procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not
proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.

6 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

Safety Symbols
The following symbol on the instrument and in the documentation indicates
precautions that must be taken to maintain safe operation of the instrument.

This symbol indicates that a device, or

Caution, risk of danger.
part of a device, may be susceptible to
The Instruction Documentation
electrostatic discharges (ESD) which
Symbol. The product is marked with
can result in damage to the product.
this symbol when it is necessary for the
Observe ESD precautions given on the
user to refer to the instructions in the ESD
product, or its user documentation, when
supplied documentation.
handling equipment bearing this mark.

Alternating current (AC). Direct current (DC).

Both direct and alternating current. Three-phase alternating current.

Earth (ground) TERMINAL. PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR TERMINAL.

Frame or chassis TERMINAL. Equipotentiality.

On (Supply). Off (Supply).

Equipment protected throughout by

DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED Caution, risk of electric shock.
INSULATION.

Caution, hot surface. In position of bi-stable push control.

Out position of bi-stable push control.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 7

Regulatory Markings

The RCM mark is a registered

The CE mark shows that the product trademark of the Spectrum
complies with all the relevant European management Agency of Australia. This
legal Directives (if accompanied by a signifies compliance with the
year, it signifies when the design was Australian EMC Framework regulations
proven). under the terms of the Radio
Communications Act of 1992.
This product complies with the WEEE
Directive (2002/96/EC) marking This ISM device complies with the
equipment. The affixed product label Canadian ICES-001.
indicates that you must not discard Cet appareil ISM est conforme à la
this electrical/electronic product in norme NMB-001 du Canada.
domestic household waste.

8 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

General Safety Information
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of
operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these
precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety
standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Keysight
Technologies assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these
requirements.

BEFORE CONNECTING THE POWER SENSOR TO OTHER INSTRUMENTS

WARNING ensure that all instruments are connected to the protective (earth) ground.
Any interruption of the protective earth grounding will cause a potential
shock hazard that could result in personal injury.

– Use the device with the cables provided

CAUTION
– Repair or service that is not covered in this manual should only be
performed by qualified personnel.

– This product is designed for use in Installation category II and Pollution

CAUTION Degree 2.
– This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC
Publication 248, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring
Apparatus, and has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction
documentation contains information and warnings which must be
followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the
instrument in a safe condition.
– Notice for germany: Noise Declaration LρA < 70 dBm am Arbeitsplatz
(operator position) mormaler Betrieb (normal position) nach DIN 45635
T.19 (per ISO 7779).

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 9

In This Guide ...
1 Operation and Service Guide This chapter contains information about initial
inspection, performance tests, specifications, operations, troubleshooting and
service of the Keysight E4412A and E4413A power sensors.

2 Appendix This Appendix contains specifications that applies to E4412A and

E4413A sensors (formerly EXCP-E18A and ECP-E26A, respectively) with a serial
prefix below US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx.

10 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

Table of Contents

1 Operation and Service Guide

General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Instruments Covered by Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Calibration Factor (CF) and Reflection Coefficient (Rho) . . . . . . . . .24
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Interconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Recommended Calibration Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Storage and Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Power Meter Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Adapter Test Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Operating Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Performance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) and Reflection Coefficient
(Rho)Performance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Replaceable Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Principles of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Repair of Defective Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Connector Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Disassembly Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Reassembly Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Keysight Sales and Service Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

A Appendix

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12 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

List of Figures

Figure 1-1 E4412A and E4413A Power Sensors (Formerly

ECP-E18A and EXCP-E26A, respectively) . . . . . . .18
Figure 1-2 Relative Mode Power Measurement Linearity with
Power Meter/Sensor at 25 ºC (Typical) . . . . . . . . .23
Figure 1-3 E4413A power sensor with adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Figure 1-4 System calibration setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Figure 1-5 DUT measurement setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Figure 1-6 Illustrated Parts Break down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Figure 1-7 Removing Power Sensor Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

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14 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

List of Tables

Table 1-1 E4412A and E4413A Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Table 1-2 E4412A Calibration Factor Uncertainty at 1 mW
(0 dBm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Table 1-3 E4413A Calibration Factor Uncertainty at 1 mW
(0 dBm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Table 1-4 Equipment list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Table 1-5 Typical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Table 1-6 Power Sensor SWR and Reflection Coefficient for the
E4412A[a] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Table 1-7 Power Sensor SWR and Reflection Coefficient for the
E4413A[a] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Table 1-8 Replaceable Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Table 1-9 Keysight Sales and Service Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Table A-1 E4412A and E4413A Specifications (Serial Prefixes
Below US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx) . . . . . . . .46
Table A-2 E4412A Calibration Factor Uncertainty at 1 mW
(0 dBm) (Serial Prefixes Below US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/
SGxxxxxxxx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
Table A-3 E4413A Calibration factor Uncertainty at 1 mW
(0 dBm) (Serial Prefixes Below US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/
SGxxxxxxxx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

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16 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Power Sensors
Operating and Service Guide

1 Operation and Service

Guide
General Information 19
Performance Test 34
Replaceable Parts 36
Service 39

This chapter contains information about initial inspection, performance tests,

specifications, operations, troubleshooting and service of the Keysight E4412A
and E4413A power sensors.

17
1 Operation and Service Guide

Figure 1-1 E4412A and E4413A Power Sensors (Formerly ECP-E18A and
EXCP-E26A, respectively)

18 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

General Information

Warranty
The power sensors are warranted and certified as indicated on the inside cover of
this manual.

Instruments Covered by Manual

These instruments have a two-part serial number: the prefix (two letters and the
first four numbers), and the suffix (the last four numbers). The two letters identify
the country in which the unit was manufactured. The four numbers of the prefix
are a code identifying the date of the last major design change incorporated in
your Keysight Technologies product. The four-digit suffix is a sequential number
and, coupled with the prefix, provides a unique identification for each unit
produced. The contents of this manual apply directly to all serial numbers unless
otherwise indicated.

Description
The E4412A and E4413A power sensors are diode power sensors. They are
intended for measurement of CW microwave power levels in a wide dynamic
range from -70 dBm to +20 dBm (100 pW to 100 mW). The E4412A measures at
frequencies from 10 MHz to 18.0 GHz. The E4413A measures at frequencies from
50 MHz to 26.5 GHz. These are high-speed power sensors, and do not incorporate
narrow-bandwidth averaging used in average-power sensors. Signals with digital,
pulse, or other forms of amplitude modulation may introduce measurement errors.
Multi-tone signals (containing multiple frequency components), or signals with
significant harmonic content (> -45 dBc) may introduce measurement errors at
high power levels. (Specifications for the power sensors are in Table 1-1).

These power sensors measure CW power, displayed on a compatible power meter

in logarithmic (dBm or dB) or linear (Watts or %) measurement units. The E4413A
is shipped with a 3.5-mm to Type-N adapter, part number 08485-60005.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 19

1 Operation and Service Guide

The E4412A and E4413A power sensors are compatible ONLY with the newer
NOTE E44XX-Series power meters. They are NOT compatible with the earlier
430-Series, E1416A, or 70100A power meters.

The E4412A and E4413A power sensors are extremely static- sensitive. Do not
NOTE open the power sensor unless you and the power sensor are at a static-free
workstation.

Specifications
The specifications listed in Table 1-1 are the performance standards or limits
against which the power sensor may be tested. These specifications are valid
ONLY after proper calibration of the power meter. Refer to the Calibration
Procedure Using Keysight E-Series Power Sensors in the E4418A or the Keysight
E4419A Power Meter User’s Guide.

20 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Table 1-1 E4412A and E4413A Specifications

Limit Comments
Frequency Range E4412A: 10 MHz to 18 GHz
E4413A: 50 MHz to 26.5 GHz
Power Range –70 dBm to +20 dBm (100 pW to
100 mW)
Impedance 50 ohm nominal
Connector Type E4412A: Type-N (male)
E4413A: 3.5 mm (male)
Maximum Stand ing Wave Ratio (SWR) and SWR Rho Return Loss (dB)
Reflection Coefficient (Rho)[b]
E4412A
10 MHz to <30 MHz 1.22 0.099 20.08
30 MHz to <2 GHz 1.15 0.070 23.13
2 GHz to <6 GHz 1.17 0.078 22.12
6 GHz to <11 GHz 1.20 0.091 20.82
11 GHz to <18 GHz 1.27 0.119 18.42

E4413A
50 MHz to <100 MHz 1.21 0.095 20.45
100 MHz to <8 GHz 1.19 0.087 21.23
8 GHz to <18 GHz 1.21 0.095 20.45
18 GHz to 26.5 GHz 1.26 0.115 18.79
Maximum Power 200 mW peak (+23 dBm)
200 mW average (+23 dBm)
AC Coupled Input max: 20 VDC
Zero Set ±50 pW
[a][b]
Power Linearity 25 ± 5°C 0 to 55°C (After calibration at 0 dBm at
ambient temperature)

100 pW to 10 mW ±3% ±7% –70 dBm to +10 dBm

10 mW to 100 mW ±4.5% ±10% +10 dBm to +20 dBm
Operating Temperature 0 to 55°C

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1 Operation and Service Guide

Table 1-1 E4412A and E4413A Specifications (continued)

Limit Comments
Net Weight
E4412A 0.47 kg (1.04 lb)
E4413A 0.45 kg (1.00 lb)
Dimensions
E4412A Length: 130 mm (5.1 in)
E4413A Length: 102 mm (4.0 in)
Wid th: 38 mm (1.5 in) Same for both models
Height: 30 mm (1.2 in) Same for both models

[a] Limits are in percent of power in Watts. See Figure 1-2 for relative power measurement.
[b] Specifications apply to instruments with serial prefix US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx and above. For earlier instruments, refer to Appendix A.

22 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

+20
+10 A

Power Level Being Measured (dBm)

+6 ±6 %
0
±3 %
–20

B
–35

±1 %

–70
–70 –35 –25 –20 0 +20
Power Level Used as Reference (dBm)

Figure 1-2 Relative Mode Power Measurement Linearity with Power Meter/
Sensor at 25 ºC (Typical)

The chart in Figure 1-2 shows the typical uncertainty in making relative power
measurements with the E44XX-Series power meter in the Rel (relative) mode. In a
relative measurement, two power levels are compared using a single sensor. The
typical measurement uncertainty can be found by drawing a vertical line at a
power level used as a reference, and a horizontal line at the power being
measured. The region where these two lines intersect shows the typical
uncertainty. This assumes that the reference power and the measured power are
at the same frequency, and neglects errors due to zero set, zero drift, and noise. It
also assumes no change in mismatch when measuring the “Power level used as
reference” and the “Power level being measured”. This chart illustrates that the
best relative power measurement accuracy is obtained when the reference and
the measured power levels are equal to, or less than, –20 dBm. Care in choosing
the power levels can yield improved measurement accuracy. Example A illustrates
a relative gain (amplifier measurement) and example B illustrates a relative loss
(insertion loss measurement).

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1 Operation and Service Guide

EXAMPLE A (Amplifier Gain Measurement):

Input power (reference) = –35 dBm; power measured = +6 dBm’ so the relative
gain is +41 dB. the chart indicates a typical error of ±6 %, which corresponds to
+0.25 dB/–0.27 dB uncertainty in the gain measurement.
EXAMPLE B (Insertion Loss Measurement):
Reference power = –25 dBm; power measured = –35 dBm, for the case of an
insertion loss of 10 dB. the chart indicates a typical error of ±1 %, which
corresponds to ±0.04 dBm uncertainty in the measurement.

Calibration Factor (CF) and Reflection Coefficient (Rho)

Calibration factor and reflection coefficient data are given at 1 GHz increments on
a data sheet included with the power sensor. This data is unique to each sensor. If
you have more than one sensor, match the serial number on the data sheet with
the serial number on the power sensor you are using. The CF corrects for the
frequency response of the sensor. The power meter automatically reads the CF
data stored in the sensor and uses it to make the corrections.
Reflection Coefficient (Rho, or ρ) relates to SWR according to the following
formula:
SWR = (1+ρ)/(1-ρ)
Typical uncertainties of the CF data are listed in Table 1-2 for the E4412A power
sensor, and in Table 1-3 for the E4413A power sensor. The uncertainty analysis for
the calibration of the sensors was done in accordance with the ISO/TAG4 Guide.
The uncertainty data reported on the calibration certificate is the expanded
uncertainty with 95% confidence level and a coverage factor of 2.
Additionally, at frequencies other than the reference frequency, for measurements
above 0 dBm include 0.5 %/dB high power calibration factor uncertainty.

24 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Table 1-2 E4412A Calibration Factor Uncertainty at 1 mW (0 dBm)

Frequency Uncertainty (%)[a]

10 MHz 1.8

30 MHz 1.8

50 MHz Reference

100 MHz 1.8

1.0 GHz 1.8

2.0 GHz 2.4

4.0 GHz 2.4

6.0 GHz 2.4

8.0 GHz 2.4

10.0 GHz 2.4

11.0 GHz 2.4

12.0 GHz 2.4

14.0 GHz 2.4

16.0 GHz 2.6

18.0 GHz 2.6

[a] Specifications apply to instruments with serial prefix US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx and above. For earlier instruments, refer to Appendix A.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 25

1 Operation and Service Guide

Table 1-3 E4413A Calibration Factor Uncertainty at 1 mW (0 dBm)

Frequency Uncertainty (%)[a]

50 MHz Reference

100 MHz 1.8

1.0 GHz 1.8

2.0 GHz 2.4

4.0 GHz 2.4

6.0 GHz 2.4

8.0 GHz 2.4

10.0 GHz 2.6

11.0 GHz 2.6

12.0 GHz 2.8

14.0 GHz 2.8

16.0 GHz 2.8

17.0 GHz 2.8

18.0 GHz 2.8

19.0 GHz 3.0

20.0 GHz 3.0

22.0 GHz 3.0

24.0 GHz 3.0

26.0 GHz 3.0

26.5GHz 3.0

[a] Specifications apply to instruments with serial prefix US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx and above. For earlier instruments, refer to Appendix A.

26 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Installation
Initial Inspection
Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or packaging
material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of the shipment have
been checked mechanically and electrically. If there is mechanical damage or if
the instrument does not pass the performance tests, notify the nearest Keysight
Technologies office. Keep the damaged shipping materials (if any) for inspection
by the carrier and a Keysight Technologies representative.

Interconnections
Connect one end of the 11730A sensor cable to the E4412A or E4413A power
sensor and connect the other end of the cable to the power meter’s channel input.
Allow a few seconds for the power meter to download the power sensor’s
calibration table before making a measurement.
Measurement connector (connects to DUT)
E4412A: Type-N (male)
E4413A: 3.5-mm (male)
A torque wrench should be used to tighten these connectors. Use a 3/4-inch
open-end wrench and torque to 12 in-lb (135 Ncm) for the Type-N connector Use
a 20-mm open-end wrench and torque to 8 in-lb (90 Ncm) for the 3.5-mm
connector.

Recommended Calibration Interval

Keysight Technologies recommends a one-year calibration cycle for the E4412A
and E4413A power sensors.

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1 Operation and Service Guide

Storage and Shipment

Environment
The instruments should be stored in a clean, dry environment. The following
limitations apply to both storage and shipment:

Temperature –55 to +75 ºC

Relative Humid ity <95 % at 40 ºC
Altitude <15,240 metres (50,000 feet)

Original Packaging
Containers and materials identical to those used in factory packaging are
available through Keysight Technologies offices. If the instrument is being
returned to Keysight Technologies for servicing, attach a tag indicating the type of
service required, return address, model number, and serial number.
Also, mark the container FRAGILE to assure careful handling. In any
correspondence, refer to the instrument by model number and serial number.

Operation
Operating Environment
The operating environment for the power sensor should be within the following
limits:

Temperature 0 to 55 ºC
Relative Humid ity <95 %
Altitude <4,530 metres (15,000 feet)

28 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Operation Precautions

BEFORE CONNECTING THE POWER SENSOR TO OTHER INSTRUMENTS,

WARNING ensure that all instruments are connected to the protective (earth) ground.
Any interruption of the protective earth grounding will cause a potential
shock hazard that could result in personal injury and cause damage to the
power sensor.

If the following energy and power levels are exceeded, the power meter system
may be damaged.
a Maximum Average Power: 200 mW (+23 dBm)
b Maximum Peak Power: 200 mW (+23 dBm)
Maximum torque at the connector should not exceed 12 in-lb (135 Ncm) for the
Type-N connector, or 8 in-lb (90 Ncm) for the 3.5-mm connector to avoid damage
to the connector.
Connect the power sensor by turning only the hex nut portion of the connector.
Damage can occur if torque is applied to the power sensor body.
The connector plastic insulator bead deteriorates when contacted by acetone,
trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, etc. Refer to Application Note
326, Principals of Microwave Connector Care (5954-1566) or Microwave
Connector Care (08510-90064) for proper cleaning methods.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 29

1 Operation and Service Guide

Power Meter Calibrations

Follow the calibration procedures given in your power meter manual. The E4413A
power sensor is fitted with 3.5 mm (m) connectors as standard. To convert the 3.5
mm (m) connector for calibration, an adapter (3.5 mm (f) to Type-N (m)) is
included with the power sensor. See Figure 1-3.

Figure 1-3 E4413A power sensor with adapter

– The 3.5 mm to Type-N adapter is intended for the use of the 1 mW, 50 MHz
NOTE power reference of the power meter only. Its function as a calibration
reference may be compromised if it is used for other purpose.
– The adapter supplied with a new sensor typically has a loss of < 0.1%.
Adapter loss could potentially contribute to absolute power measurement
accuracy and needs to be considered.

30 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Adapter Test Procedure

System Calibration

Table 1-4 Equipment list

Instrument Critical specifications Recommended model Manufacturer
Performance network analyzer 10 MHz to 50 GHz E8362B/C, E8363B/C, Keysight Technologies, Inc.
(PNA) N5225A, or similar
Adapters 2.4 mm (f), Type-N (f) 11903B Keysight Technologies, Inc.
Adapters 2.4 mm (f), 3.5 mm (m) 11901D Keysight Technologies, Inc.
Mechanical Type-N, 50 Ω 85054B Keysight Technologies, Inc.
calibration kit
Mechanical 3.5 mm, 50 Ω 85052B Keysight Technologies, Inc.
calibration kit
Mechanical 2.4 mm, 50 Ω 85056A Keysight Technologies, Inc.
calibration kit
11500E cable assembly, 3.5 mm (m) to 3.5 mm (m), 11500E Keysight Technologies, Inc.
3.5 mm (m) DC to 26.5 GHz
to 3.5 mm (m)

Table 1-5 Typical specifications

Frequency S-Parameter 08485-60005 08487-60001
S11 and S22 −58 dB −53 dB
−0.00665 dB (log mag) −0.006908dB (log mag)
50 MHz
S12 and S21 0.999235 dB (lin mag) 0.999205 dB (lin mag)
<0.1% <0.1%

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1 Operation and Service Guide

PNA Open, Short, Load, Sliding Load

Port 1

PNA Open, Short, Load, Sliding Load

Port 2

Figure 1-4 System calibration setup

1 Set up the equipment for system calibration according to Figure 1-4.

2 Preset all test equipment.
3 Perform the following settings on the PNA:
– Start frequency = 10 MHz
– Stop frequency = 100 MHz
– Number of points = 19
– Power = –8 dBm
– IF bandwidth = 10 Hz
– Averaging = 1
– Sweep time = 1 s
– Sweep auto = true
– Smoothing = 0%
4 Extend Port 1 of the PNA by connecting it to a 2.4 mm (f) to Type-N (f)
adapter.
5 Extend Port 2 of the PNA by connecting it to a 2.4 mm (f) to 3.5 mm (f) adapter
via a semi-rigid cable.
– If you are verifying the 08487-60001, connect a 3.5 mm (f) to 2.4 mm (m)
adapter to a semi-rigid cable.
6 Perform one port calibration (at Port 1) using the 85054B Mechanical Cal Kit
(Open, Short, Load, and Sliding Load).
7 Perform one port calibration (at Port 2) using the 85052B/85056A Mechanical
Cal Kit (Open, Short, and Load).

32 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

8 When the wizard prompts for a through adapter connection, attach the
adapter-under-test as the unknown adapter.
9 The firmware will estimate the delay, which should be approximately 0.11 ns.

Device-Under-Test (DUT) Measurement

PNA Port 1 DUT PNA Port 2

Figure 1-5 DUT measurement setup

1 Leave the adapter-under-test in place - refer to step 8.

2 Record the S-Parameter readings (LOG_MAG) for the PNA as dutS11,
dutS12, dutS22, and dutS21 respectively and compare them against the
typical specifications.

Operating Instructions
The E4412A and E4413A power sensors are compatible ONLY with the newer
E44XX-Series power meters. They are NOT compatible with the earlier
430-Series, E1416A, or 70100A power meters. To operate the power sensor, refer
to the operating instructions in the Keysight E44XX-Series Power Meter User’s
Guide.

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1 Operation and Service Guide

Performance Test

Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) and Reflection Coefficient

(Rho)Performance Test
This section does not establish preset SWR test procedures since there are several
test methods and different equipment available for testing the SWR or reflection
coefficient. Therefore, the actual accuracy of the test equipment must be
accounted for when measuring against instrument specifications to determine a
pass or fail condition. The test system used must not exceed the system Rho
uncertainties shown in Table 1-6 when testing the E4412A, or in Table 1-7 when
testing the E4413A.

Table 1-6 Power Sensor SWR and Reflection Coefficient for the E4412A[a]
Frequency System Rho Uncertainty Actual Measurement Maximum Rho

10 MHz to < 30 MHz ± 0.010 0.099

30 MHz to < 2 GHz ± 0.010 0.070

2 GHz to < 6 MHz ± 0.010 0.078

6 GHz to < 11 GHz ± 0.010 0.091

11 GHz to 18 GHZ ± 0.010 0.119

[a] Specifications apply to instruments with serial prefix US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx and above. For earlier instruments, refer to Appendix A.

34 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Table 1-7 Power Sensor SWR and Reflection Coefficient for the E4413A[a]
Frequency System Rho Uncertainty Actual Measurement Maximum Rho

50 MHz to < 100 MHz ± 0.010 0.095

100 MHz to < 8GHz ± 0.010 0.087

8 GHz to < 18MHz ± 0.010 0.095

18 GHz to < 26.5 GHz ± 0.015 0.115

[a] Specifications apply to instruments with serial prefix US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx and above. For earlier instruments, refer to Appendix A.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 35

1 Operation and Service Guide

Replaceable Parts
Table 6 is a list of replaceable parts. Figure 1-6 is the illustrated parts breakdown
(IPB) that identifies all of the replaceable parts. To order a part, quote the Keysight
Technologies part number, specify the quantity required, and address the order to
the nearest Keysight Technologies office.

Within the USA, it is better to order directly from the Keysight Parts Center in
NOTE Roseville, California. Ask your nearest Keysight office for information and forms
for the “Direct Mail Order System.” Also your nearest Keysight office can supply
toll free telephone numbers for ordering parts and supplies.

36 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Figure 1-6 Illustrated Parts Break down

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1 Operation and Service Guide

Table 1-8 Replaceable Parts

Reference Designation Part Number Qty Description

A1/A2 E4412A E4412-60006 1 SENSOR MODULE (E4412A)

A1/A2 E4412A E4412-69006 1 RESTORED SENSOR MODULE (E4412A)

A1/A2 E4413A E4413-60003 1 SENSOR MODULE (E4413A)

A1/A2 E4413A E4413-69003 1 RESTORED SENSOR MODULE (E4413A)

08485-60005 1 ADAPTER, 3.5-mm to Type-N

CHASSIS PARTS

MP1 5041-9160 1 SHELL PLASTIC

MP2 5041-9160 1 SHELL PLASTIC

MP3 08481-20011 1 CHASSIS

MP4 08481-20011 1 CHASSIS

MP8 08481-00002 1 SHIELD

MP9 08481-00002 1 SHIELD

MP26 E4412-80002 1 LABEL, ID E4412A

MP26 E4413-80002 1 LABEL, ID E4413A

MP27 7121-7389 1 LABEL, POWER SENSOR

MP30 7121-7388 1 LABEL, CAL/ESD

MP31 00346-80011 1 LABEL, CAUTION

38 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Service
Service instructions consist of principles of operation, troubleshooting, and
repairs.

Principles of Operation
The A1 Bulkhead assembly provides a 50 ohm load to the RF signal applied to the
power sensor. A diode assembly in the bulkhead rectifies the applied RF to
produce a dc voltage which varies with the RF power across the 50 ohm load.
Thus the voltage varies with the RF power dissipated in the load. With maximum
specified RF power (100 mW) the dc voltage is approximately 1V.
The low-level dc voltage from the bulkhead assembly must be amplified before it
can be transferred on standard cables to the power meter. The amplification is
provided by an input amplifier assembly which consists of a chopper (sampling
gate) and an input amplifier. The chopper circuit converts the dc voltage to an ac
voltage. To do this, the chopper uses two field effect transistors (FETs), A2Q1 and
A2Q2, controlled by a 440 Hz square wave generated by the power meter. The
amplitude of the sampling gate output (drain of A2Q1, source of A2Q2) is a 440 Hz
square wave which varies with the RF power input. The 440 Hz ac output is
applied to the input amplifier A2Q3 which provides the input to the first amplifier
stage in the power meter.
The E44XX-Series power meter automatically detects when an E44XX Series
power sensor is connected and downloads the correction data from the sensor’s
EEPROM. This configures the power meter to operate over the +20 dBm to -70
dBm power range with that particular sensor’s unique correction data
applied.

Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting information is intended to first isolate the power sensor, the
cable, or the power meter as the defective component. When the power sensor is
isolated, a “Restored Sensor Module” must be used for repair. See Table 1-8.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 39

1 Operation and Service Guide

If error message 241 or 310 is indicated on the power meter, suspect failed power
sensor. If no error message is displayed, but a problem occurs when making a
measurement, try replacing the cable from the power meter to the power sensor.
If the problem still exists, try using a different power sensor to determine if the
problem is in the power meter or in the power sensor.

Electrostatic discharge will render the power sensor inoperative. Do not,

CAUTION under any circumstances, open the power sensor unless you and the power
sensor are in a static free environment.

Repair of Defective Sensor

There are no serviceable parts inside the E44XX-Series sensors. If the sensor is
defective, replace the entire “module” with the appropriate “Restored sensor
Module.” See Table 1-8.

Connector Maintenance
Stable and repeatable measurements can only be achieved if the devices are clean
and undamaged. Careful and consistent connections are also necessary to achieve
maximum stability and repeatability. Therefore, always handle the devices with
care, do not overtighten them, and keep them properly stored when not in use.
Precision connectors should be regularly cleaned and gauged — measured with a
special dial gauge to ensure that they have not been mechanically damaged. A
damaged connector can instantly ruin the mated part.

40 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Ensure the steps below are followed:

– Select the test equipment for the lowest SWR.
– Keep the cable length as short as possible.
– Use good quality cables.
– Select the appropriate connectors.
– Keep the connectors clean.
– Measure (gauge) the connectors regularly.
– Replace faulty, worn, or damaged cables and connectors promptly.
– Do not make your own cables for use at high frequencies unless you test them
first.
– Minimize the number of adapters.
– If possible, use semi-rigid cables for permanently connected cables.
– Follow the cable manufacturer’s recommendation for minimum bend-radius.
– Fix the measurement equipment to the bench if possible (or rack it up).
– Do not overtighten connectors and do not allow them to become loose — use a
torque wrench.
– Do not mate dissimilar families, for example APC-3.5 and SMA.
– Avoid temperature extremes.

Cleaning
Cleaning Solutions
Keeping in mind its flammable nature; a solution of pure isopropyl or ethyl alcohol
can be used to clean the connector.

Connector Cleaning

The RF connector beads deteriorate when contacted by hydrocarbon

CAUTION compounds such as acetone, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, and
benzene.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 41

1 Operation and Service Guide

Clean the connector only at a static free workstation. Electrostatic discharge

CAUTION to the center pin of the connector will render the power sensor inoperative.

Clean the connector face using a cotton swab dipped in isopropyl alcohol. If the
swab is too big use a round wooden toothpick wrapped in a lint free cotton cloth
dipped in isopropyl alcohol. Refer to Keysight Application Note 326, Principals of
Microwave Connector Care (5954-1566) or Microwave Connector Care
(08510-90064) for proper cleaning methods.

Disassembly Procedure

Figure 1-7 Removing Power Sensor Shell

Disassemble the power sensor only in a static free workstation. Electrostatic

CAUTION discharge will render the power sensor inoperative.

42 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Operation and Service Guide 1

Disassemble the power sensor by performing the following steps:

1 At the rear of the power sensor, insert the blade of a screwdriver between the
plastic shells (Figure 1-7). To prevent damage to the plastic shells use a
screwdriver blade as wide as the slot between the two shells.
2 Pry alternately at both sides of the connector J1 until the plastic shells are
apart. Remove the shells and the magnetic shields.

Reassembly Procedure
1 Replace the magnetic shields and the plastic shells as shown in Figure 1-7.
Snap the plastic shells together.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 43

1 Operation and Service Guide

Keysight Sales and Service Offices

Table 1-9 Keysight Sales and Service Offices

United States:
(tel) 800 829 4444 (fax) 800 829 4433

Canada:
(tel) 877 894 4414 (fax) 800 746 4866

China:
(tel) 800 810 0189 (fax) 800 820 2816

Europe:
(tel) 31 20 547 2111

Japan:
(tel) 0120 (421) 345 (fax) 0120 421 678

Korea:
(tel) (080) 769 0800 (fax) (080) 769 0900

Latin America:
(tel) (305) 269 7500

Taiwan:
(tel) 0800 047 866 (fax) 0800 286 331

Other Asia Pacific Countries:

(tel) (65) 6375 8100 (fax) (65) 6755 004

or visit Keysight worldwide Web at: www.keysight.com/find/assist

44 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Power Sensors
Operating and Service Guide

A Appendix
E4412A and E4413A Specifications (Serial Prefixes Below US3848/
MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx) 46
E4412A Calibration Factor Uncertainty at 1 mW (0 dBm) (Serial Prefixes Below
US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx) 48
E4413A Calibration factor Uncertainty at 1 mW (0 dBm) (Serial Prefixes Below
US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx) 49

The following specifications apply to E4412A and E4413A sensors (formerly

EXCP-E18A and ECP-E26A, respectively) with a serial prefix below US3848/
MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx.

45
A Appendix

Table A-1 E4412A and E4413A Specifications (Serial Prefixes Below US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/
SGxxxxxxxx)
Limit Comments
Frequency Range E4412A: 10 MHz to 18 GHz
E4413A: 50 MHz to 26.5 GHz
Power Range –70 dBm to +20 dBm (100 pW to
100 mW)
Impedance 50 ohm nominal
Connector Type E4412A: Type-N (male)
E4413A: 3.5 mm (male)
Maximum Stand ing Wave Ratio (SWR) and SWR Rho Return Loss (dB)
Reflection Coefficient (Rho)
E4412A
10 MHz to <30 MHz 1.34 0.145 16.8
30 MHz to <10 GHz 1.22 0.100 20.0
10 GHz to <18 GHz 1.27 0.120 18.4
E4413A
50 MHz to <2 GHz 1.25 0.110 19.2
2 GHz to <18 GHz 1.21 0.095 20.5
18 GHz to <26.5 GHz 1.26 0.115 18.8
Maximum Power 200 mW peak (+23 dBm)
200 mW average (+23 dBm)
Zero Set ±50 pW

Power Linearity[a] 25 ± 5°C 0 to 55°C (After calibration at 0 dBm at

ambient temperature)

100 pW to 10 mW ±4% ±8% –70 dBm to +10 dBm

10 mW to 100 mW ±5.5% ±11% +10 dBm to +20 dBm
Operating Temperature 0 to 55°C

46 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Appendix A

Table A-1 E4412A and E4413A Specifications (Serial Prefixes Below US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/
SGxxxxxxxx) (continued)
Limit Comments
Net Weight
E4412A 0.47 kg (1.04 lb)
E4413A 0.45 kg (1.00 lb)
Dimensions
E4412A Length: 130 mm (5.1 in)
E4413A Length: 102 mm (4.0 in)
Wid th: 38 mm (1.5 in) Same for both models
Height: 30 mm (1.2 in) Same for both models

[a] Limits are in percent of power in Watts. See Figure 1-2 for relative power measurement.

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 47

A Appendix

Table A-2 E4412A Calibration Factor Uncertainty at 1 mW (0 dBm) (Serial Prefixes Below
US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx)
Frequency Uncertainty (%)
10 MHz 2.7

30 MHz 2.7

50 MHz Reference

100 MHz 2.7

1.0 GHz 2.7

2.0 GHz 3.1

4.0 GHz 3.1

6.0 GHz 3.1

8.0 GHz 3.1

10.0 GHz 3.1

11.0 GHz 3.1

12.0 GHz 3.3

14.0 GHz 3.3

16.0 GHz 3.3

18.0 GHz 3.3

48 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

 Appendix A

Table A-3 E4413A Calibration factor Uncertainty at 1 mW (0 dBm) (Serial Prefixes Below
US3848/MYxxxxxxxx/SGxxxxxxxx)
Frequency Uncertainty (%)
50 MHz Reference

100 MHz 2.7

1.0 GHz 2.7

2.0 GHz 3.1

4.0 GHz 3.1

6.0 GHz 3.1

8.0 GHz 3.1

10.0 GHz 3.1

12.0 GHz 3.3

14.0 GHz 3.3

16.0 GHz 3.3

17.0 GHz 3.3

18.0 GHz 3.5

20.0 GHz 3.5

22.0 GHz 3.5

24.0 GHz 3.5

26.0 GHz 3.5

26.5 GHz 3.5

Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide 49

A Appendix

THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.

50 Keysight E4412A and E4413A Operating and Service Guide

This information is subject to change
without notice. Always refer to the
Keysight website for the latest
revision.

© Keysight Technologies 1999–2016

Edition 7, April 1, 2016
Printed in Malaysia

*E4412-90013*
E4412-90013
www.keysight.com