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    Chem111.1 Exer7 SampleCalc.v1

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    Snow Drop
    1. This document contains sample calculations for determining various surface tension properties of pure liquids and solutions. 2. Key calculations shown include determining the molecular mass of moist air, density of air, slope and y-intercept for surface tension vs. density plots, density of solutions, surface tension values, surface excess concentration, effective cross-sectional area per molecule, Katayama constant and critical temperature from linear regression analysis. 3. The critical temperature calculated for 1-propanol is 384.29 K with a 28.4% error compared to the theoretical value of 536.78 K.

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    Chem111.1 Exer7 SampleCalc.v1

    Uploaded by

    Snow Drop
    65 views5 pages
    1. This document contains sample calculations for determining various surface tension properties of pure liquids and solutions. 2. Key calculations shown include determining the molecular mass of moist air, density of air, slope and y-intercept for surface tension vs. density plots, density of solutions, surface tension values, surface excess concentration, effective cross-sectional area per molecule, Katayama constant and critical temperature from linear regression analysis. 3. The critical temperature calculated for 1-propanol is 384.29 K with a 28.4% error compared to the theoretical value of 536.78 K.

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    Chem111.1 Exer7 SampleCalc.v1

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    1. This document contains sample calculations for determining various surface tension properties of pure liquids and solutions. 2. Key calculations shown include determining the molecular mass of moist air, density of air, slope and y-intercept for surface tension vs. density plots, density of solutions, surface tension values, surface excess concentration, effective cross-sectional area per molecule, Katayama constant and critical temperature from linear regression analysis. 3. The critical temperature calculated for 1-propanol is 384.29 K with a 28.4% error compared to the theoretical value of 536.78 K.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    65 views5 pages

    Chem111.1 Exer7 SampleCalc.v1

    Uploaded by

    Snow Drop
    1. This document contains sample calculations for determining various surface tension properties of pure liquids and solutions. 2. Key calculations shown include determining the molecular mass of moist air, density of air, slope and y-intercept for surface tension vs. density plots, density of solutions, surface tension values, surface excess concentration, effective cross-sectional area per molecule, Katayama constant and critical temperature from linear regression analysis. 3. The critical temperature calculated for 1-propanol is 384.29 K with a 28.4% error compared to the theoretical value of 536.78 K.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Exercise 7

    Surface Tension of Pure Liquids and Solutions


    Sample Calculations
    1. Calculation of MMmoist air
    %𝑅𝐻 𝑃𝐻2 𝑂@ 𝑅𝑇
    Χ 𝐻2 𝑂 = ( )
    100 𝑃𝑐,𝑎𝑡𝑚
    1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
    80% 0.0037831 𝑥106 𝑃𝑎 ( )
    Χ 𝐻2 𝑂 =( ) 101325 𝑃𝑎
    100 29.36 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 (25.4 𝑚𝑚) ( 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 )
    𝑖𝑛 760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
    Χ 𝐻2 𝑂 = 0.03044002609
    Χ 𝑁2 = 0.79(1 − Χ 𝐻2 𝑂 ) = 0.79(1 − 0.03044002609 ) = 0.7659523794

    Χ 𝑂2 = 0.21(1 − Χ 𝐻2 𝑂 ) = 0.21(1 − 0.03044002609 ) = 0.2036075945

    𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = Χ 𝐻2 𝑂 MM𝐻2 𝑂 + Χ 𝑁2 MM𝑁2 + Χ 𝑂2 MM𝑂2


    g g g
    𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = (0.03044002609 ) (18.016 ) + (0.7659523794) (28.02 ) + (0.2036075945) (32 )
    mol mol mol
    g
    𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 28.52601937
    mol

    2. Calculation of ρo
    𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
    𝑚
    𝑃𝑉 = ( ) 𝑅𝑇
    𝑀𝑀
    𝑚 𝑃(MM𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑖𝑟 )
    𝜌𝑜 = =
    𝑉 𝑅𝑇
    25.4 𝑚𝑚 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 g
    𝑚 29.36 𝑖𝑛𝐻𝑔 ( 𝑖𝑛 ) (760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔) (28.52601937 mol)
    𝜌𝑜 = =
    𝑉 𝐿 𝑎𝑡𝑚
    (0.082056 ) (28 + 273.15)𝐾
    𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾
    𝑔
    𝜌𝑜 = 1.132724094𝑥10−3
    𝑐𝑚3

    3. Calculation of A and B
    𝛾
    = 𝐴∆ℎ − 𝐵
    𝜌 − 𝜌𝑜
    Plotted values (Day 1):
    𝛾
    𝑥 = ∆ℎ 𝑦=
    𝜌 − 𝜌𝑜
    𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒
    71.1833 𝑐𝑚
    water 4.1 𝑔
    (0.995647 − 1.132724094𝑥10−3 )
    𝑐𝑚3
    𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒
    22.4275 𝑐𝑚
    acetone 4 𝑔
    (0.888 − 1.132724094𝑥10−3 )
    𝑐𝑚3
    𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒
    22.69494
    ethyl acetate 3.2 𝑐𝑚
    𝑔
    (0.77825 − 1.132724094𝑥10−3 ) 3
    𝑐𝑚

    Using Linear Regression analysis:


    𝑐𝑚2
    Slope: 𝐴 = 27.14455232 𝑠2

    𝑐𝑚3
    y-int: −𝐵 = −60.22167829 𝑠2

    𝑐𝑚3
    𝐵 = 60.22167829
    𝑠2

    R2 = 0.2721225414

    4. Calculation of ρsoln
    𝑚𝑝𝑦𝑐+𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 − 𝑚𝑝𝑦𝑐
    𝜌𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 𝜌
    𝑚𝑝𝑦𝑐+𝐻2 𝑂 − 𝑚𝑝𝑦𝑐 𝐻2 𝑂@𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝=30℃
    24.1108 𝑔 − 14.1897 𝑔 𝑔
    𝜌𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = (0.995646 )
    24.1714 𝑔 − 14.1897 𝑔 𝑐𝑚3
    𝑔
    𝜌𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 = 0.9896013235
    𝑐𝑚3

    5. Calculation of 𝛾
    𝛾 = (𝐴∆ℎ − 𝐵)( 𝜌𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑛 − 𝜌𝑜 )
    𝑐𝑚2 𝑐𝑚3 𝑔
    𝛾 = [27.14455232 2
    (4.6 𝑐𝑚) − (60.22167829 2 )] [0.9896013235 − 1.132724094𝑥10−3 ] ( 3 )]
    𝑠 𝑠 𝑐𝑚
    𝑔
    𝛾 = 63.89783503
    𝑠2

    6. Calculation of surface tension of 1-propanol


    𝛾 = −𝜇𝑅𝑇 (ln 𝑐) + 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡.
    Plotted values:
    𝑔 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒
    𝑥 = ln 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝛾, 𝑠2 = 𝑐𝑚

    ln 0.60 63.89783503
    ln 0.50 69.33683333
    ln 0.40 74.84357785
    ln 0.30 80.2518497
    ln 0.20 91.16151563
    ln 0.05 96.53010979

    Using linear regression analysis:


    Slope: −𝜇𝑅𝑇 = −12.80445756 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒/𝑐𝑚
    𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒
    y-int: 62.41499533 𝑐𝑚

    R2 = 0.8490381453

    7. Calculation of µ (surface concentration of the excess no. of moles solute per unit area)
    From the slope:
    −𝜇𝑅𝑇 = −12.80445756 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒/𝑐𝑚

    −12.80445756 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒/𝑐𝑚
    𝜇=
    −𝑅𝑇
    𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 𝑁 100 𝑐𝑚 𝑚 2
    −12.80445756 𝑐𝑚 ( 5 )( 𝑚 )( )
    10 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 1𝑥1010 Å
    𝜇=
    𝐽 𝑁𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙
    − (8.314 )( 𝐽 )( ) (30 + 273.15)𝐾
    𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾 6.0221367𝑥1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
    𝜇 = 0.03059455931
    Å2

    8. Calculation of ECAPM (effective cross-sectional area per molecule)


    1
    𝐸𝐶𝐴𝑃𝑀 =
    𝜇
    1
    𝐸𝐶𝐴𝑃𝑀 =
    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
    0.03059455931
    Å2
    Å2
    𝐸𝐶𝐴𝑃𝑀 = 32.68555007
    𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒

    9. Calculation of Katayama constant, K, and critical temperature, Tc (Day 2)


    2
    𝑀 3
    Katayama equation: 𝛾 (𝜌−𝜌 ) = −𝐾𝑇 + 𝐾𝑇𝑐 ; MM(1-propanol) = 60.094 g/mol
    𝑜

    Plotted values:
    2
    𝑀 3
    x=T y= 𝛾( )
    𝜌−𝜌𝑜
    2
    3
    𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 60.094 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
    y= 33.39412603 ((0.7958−𝜌 ) 𝑔 )
    303.15 K 𝑐𝑚 𝑜 3
    𝑐𝑚

    = 597.1754122 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −2/3


    308.15 K 563.6376725
    313.15 K 432.6871528
    318.15K 399.5023008
    323.15 K 398.8377945
    328.15 K 398.1710666
    333.15 K 397.4849157

    Using linear regression analysis:


    2
    Slope:−𝐾 = −6.884671854 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −3 𝐾 −1
    2
    y-int: 𝐾𝑇𝑐 = 2645.714967 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −3
    R2 = 0.732678368

    Solving for Katayama constant:


    From slope:
    2
    −𝐾 = −6.884671854 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −3 𝐾 −1
    2
    𝐾 = 6.884671854 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −3 𝐾 −1

    Solving for critical temperature, Tc:


    From y-intercept:
    2
    𝐾𝑇𝑐 = 2645.714967 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 ∗ 𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −3
    2
    −
    2645.714967 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒∗𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 3
    𝑇𝑐 = 𝐾
    2
    −
    2645.714967 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒∗𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 3
    𝑇𝑐 = 2
    −
    6.884671854 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒∗𝑐𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 3 𝐾−1

    𝑇𝑐 = 384.290642 𝐾

    10. Percent error of Tc


    𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
    % 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
    𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙
    384.290642 𝐾 − 536.78 𝐾
    % 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑥100
    536.78 𝐾
    % 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = −28.40816684 %

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