Finite Element Method

(FEM)
Course code: NTME 637
3 sks

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Lecture
Redyarsa Dharma Bintara, ST., MSc.
Cell phone: +628563508211
E-mail : [email protected]

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Scoring
1. Present (min. 80%)  10%
2. Home work  20%
3. Quiz 1, Quiz 2  40%
4. Final Exam  30%

Download Materi:
[email protected]
Password: materikuliahtm

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 Learning Outcome
Mahasiswa mampu menguasai konsep dasar MEH dan
memformulasikan problem teknik dalam model serta dapat
menyelesaikan pemodelan problem tersebut pada kondisi
statik dan dinamik.

Reference:
Zienkiewicz, O. C. “The Finite Element Method”. London: Mc. Graw-Hill
Saeed Moeveni. “Finite Element Analysis”. Prentice-Hall. 1999

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Purpose
1. Understand definition, application and concept of FEM.
2. Students get knowledge about kind of FEM software.
3. Understand about global procedure for using FEM.
4. Student can imply the global procedure for solving a
engineering problem using FEM.

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Content:
1. History and basic concept of FEM
2. The important of FEM
3. Application of FEM
4. Kind of FEM software
5. Global procedure to solve FEM

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Introduction
History

FEM for
1D element
Element Buckling problem
Hrennikoff (1941) & Gallagher & Padlog
Tuner dkk
McHenry (1943) (1956) (1963)

Levy Clough Belytschko

(1947) (1960) (1970-an),
Stiffness method Introducing FEM Large deformation and
non linier application
Introduction
Definition of FEM:
FEM: a numerical procedure that can be used to obtain solution
involving stress analysis, heat transfer and fluid flow.
FEM Concept:
Built up the complex model from simple model.
Side
Point

Circle 4 sides 6 sides 8 sides

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Introduction
FEM Concept:
Divide the complex model become small elemet and it can arrange
also.

Area of Triangle:
𝐿𝑢𝑎𝑠 ∆𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 1 2 . 𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑠. 𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖 = 1 2 . 𝑠. 𝑟
o Area of 8 triangle:
𝐿𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑖 8 = 1 2 . 8𝑠. 𝑟 Finite element

Area of circle:
A B 𝑗𝑖𝑘𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎𝑕 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑖 𝑠 ~∞ 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑎 Infinite element
Element of circle 𝐿𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛 = 1 2 . (2 𝜋 . 𝑟). 𝑟

𝐿𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑘𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛 = 𝜋 . 𝑟 2
Mathematic equation

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Introduction
The important of FEM

• It is cheap if compared with field experiments

• Field experiments may be too dangerous
• Field experiments may be impossible
• Easily demonstrated models

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Introduction
Kind of FEM software

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Introduction
Video of Simulation result by FEM software

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Introduction
Video of Simulation result by FEM software

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Introduction
Global FEM procedure:

Preprocessing
(Choose discretization type, Built FE model, loads, and
constrain)

FEM Solver
(assemble and solve the system of equations)

Post processing
(Sort and display the result)

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Introduction
Global FEM procedure (Preprocessing):
1. Choose discretization type

Elemen

Node

Elemen

Node

Small thickness

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Introduction
Global FEM procedure (Preprocessing):
1. Choose discretization type

Elemen

Node

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Introduction
Global FEM procedure (Preprocessing):
2. Choose function of displacement
(F=kΔx)

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Introduction
Global FEM procedure (Preprocessing):
3. Strain-displacement relationship

du x : strain
x  ui : displacement
dx X : direction in x-axis

Ex: Small deformation in 1D case

Strain-stress relationship

 x  E x x : strain
ui : displacement
E : Modulus elasticity
Hook law

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Introduction
Preprocessing :
4. Built up the stiffness matric formula.

FEA Solver:
5. Connect (assemble) the elements at the nodes to form an
approximate system of equations for whole structure.
6. Solve the system of equations involving unknown quantities at
node (e.g., displacement).

Post processing:
7. Calculate desire quantities (e.g., force) at selected node.

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Spring
1. Choose discretization type

2-3. Use Strain-stress relationship

formula to define displacement function

(F=kΔx)

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Spring
4. Built up the stiffness matric formula

(assume left direction is positive value)

𝐹 𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹
𝑓𝑖 = 𝐹 − 𝑘(𝑢𝑗 − 𝑢𝑖 )= 0
= 𝑘𝑢𝑖 − 𝑘𝑢𝑗 = - 𝐹

𝑓𝑗 = 𝑘 𝑢𝑗 − 𝑢𝑖 − 𝐹 = 0 𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑘(∆𝑢) 𝐹=0

= −𝑘𝑢𝑖 + 𝑘𝑢𝑗 = 𝐹

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Spring system
5. Connect (assemble) the elements at the nodes to form an approximate system of
equations for whole structure.

𝐹 𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟
𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟 𝐹

(assume left direction is positive value)

𝑓1 = 𝐹 − 𝑘1 (𝑢2 − 𝑢1 )= 0 𝑘1 −𝑘1
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 1 =
= 𝑘1 𝑢1 − 𝑘1 𝑢2= - 𝐹 −𝑘1 𝑘1
𝑓2 = 𝑘1 𝑢2 − 𝑢1 − 𝐹 = 0
𝑓1 = 𝑘1 𝑢1 − 𝑘1 𝑢2
= −𝑘1 𝑢1 + 𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹
Stiffness matrix
𝑓2 = −𝑘1 𝑢1 + 𝑘1 𝑢2 + 𝑘2 𝑢2 − 𝑘2 𝑢3
𝑓2 = 𝐹 − 𝑘2 (𝑢3 − 𝑢2 )= 0
𝑓3 = −𝑘2 𝑢2 + 𝑘2 𝑢3
= 𝑘2 𝑢2 − 𝑘2 𝑢3= - 𝐹

𝑓3 = 𝑘2 𝑢3 − 𝑢2 − 𝐹= 0
𝑘2 −𝑘2
= −𝑘2 𝑢2 + 𝑘2 𝑢3 = 𝐹 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 2 =
−𝑘2 𝑘2

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Spring system
𝐹 𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟
𝐹𝑠𝑝𝑟 𝐹

(Global stiffness matrix )

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Spring system
6. Solve the system of equations involving unknown quantities at node (e.g.,
displacement)

𝑃 𝑃

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Spring system
7. Calculate desire quantities (e.g., force) at selected node.

Substitution method to get u2 and u3 or by

Inverse matrix (X=A-1 .B)

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Homework 1
Selesaikan sistem pegas berikut ini!

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