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Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) : ECET 209 - Lecture 19 Introduction To Microcontrollers

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a technique used to encode information in a digital signal by varying the width (or duty cycle) of pulses. PWM is commonly used to control motor speed, light dimming, voltage levels in power supplies, and audio amplification. Microcontrollers can generate PWM signals through sequential software, timer interrupts, or automatic hardware PWM using features like output compare registers and timer counter control registers to vary the pulse width. Common PWM modes include clear timer on compare match, toggle on compare match, fast PWM, and phase correct PWM.

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Ahmed M H Al-Yousif
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119 views19 pages

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) : ECET 209 - Lecture 19 Introduction To Microcontrollers

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a technique used to encode information in a digital signal by varying the width (or duty cycle) of pulses. PWM is commonly used to control motor speed, light dimming, voltage levels in power supplies, and audio amplification. Microcontrollers can generate PWM signals through sequential software, timer interrupts, or automatic hardware PWM using features like output compare registers and timer counter control registers to vary the pulse width. Common PWM modes include clear timer on compare match, toggle on compare match, fast PWM, and phase correct PWM.

Uploaded by

Ahmed M H Al-Yousif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

ECET 209 – Lecture 19


Introduction to Microcontrollers
What is Pulse Width Modulation?

Pulse Width Modulation

D
F

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Where is PWM Used?

• Motor Controllers
– Speed
• Light Dimmers
– Brightness
• Switching Power Supplies
– Output Voltage
• Audio Amplifiers
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Methods to Produce PWM

• The Microcontroller is capable of producing


PWM is several ways
– Sequential Flow
– Timer Interrupts
– Auto PWM Generation

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Sequential Flow
#include <delay.h>
void main (void)
{
DDRA = 0xFF;
while(1)
{
PORTA.0 = 1;
delay_ms(5);
PORTA.0 = 1;
delay_ms(5);
}
}
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Automatic PWM

• The Microcontroller has special hardware


that will automatically create a PWM output
(no software required)

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Output Compare Register
Pulse Width Modulation with Timer0
255
OCR0

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Output Compare Register
Pulse Width Modulation with Timer0
255
OCR0

0
D
F

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Automatic PWM

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Output Compare Register
TCNT0 OCR0

Waveform Generator

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Automatic PWM

• Several Different Modes of PWM


– Clear Timer on Compare Match
– Toggle on Compare Match
– Fast PWM
– Phase Correct PWM

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Clear Timer on Compare Match

Clear Timer on Compare Match


255
OCR0

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Clear Timer and Toggle on
Compare Match
Clear Timer on Compare Match with Toggle
255
OCR0

OC0

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Fast PWM
Fast PWM
255
OCR0

OC0

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Phase Correct PWM
Pulse Width Modulation with Timer0
255

OCR0

OC0

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Fast PWM
Fast PWM
255
OCR0

OC0

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Timer Counter Control Register

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Timer Counter Control Register

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Timer Counter Control Register

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