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    Desc9201 - Thermal Revision

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    Samuel Tiong
    The document discusses thermal comfort, including its definition and factors that influence it such as air temperature, humidity, air velocity, activity level, and clothing. It describes the human body's ability to thermoregulate through mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and vasodilation/vasoconstriction. The six key parameters that determine heat balance are outlined. Thermal comfort is influenced by adaptive behaviors and environmental exposures over time. Models like PMV and PPD are discussed as ways to predict thermal comfort levels based on measurable environmental and personal factors.

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    Desc9201 - Thermal Revision

    Uploaded by

    Samuel Tiong
    84 views4 pages
    The document discusses thermal comfort, including its definition and factors that influence it such as air temperature, humidity, air velocity, activity level, and clothing. It describes the human body's ability to thermoregulate through mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and vasodilation/vasoconstriction. The six key parameters that determine heat balance are outlined. Thermal comfort is influenced by adaptive behaviors and environmental exposures over time. Models like PMV and PPD are discussed as ways to predict thermal comfort levels based on measurable environmental and personal factors.

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    - Desc9201 - Thermal revision

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    The document discusses thermal comfort, including its definition and factors that influence it such as air temperature, humidity, air velocity, activity level, and clothing. It describes the human body's ability to thermoregulate through mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and vasodilation/vasoconstriction. The six key parameters that determine heat balance are outlined. Thermal comfort is influenced by adaptive behaviors and environmental exposures over time. Models like PMV and PPD are discussed as ways to predict thermal comfort levels based on measurable environmental and personal factors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views4 pages

    Desc9201 - Thermal Revision

    Uploaded by

    Samuel Tiong
    The document discusses thermal comfort, including its definition and factors that influence it such as air temperature, humidity, air velocity, activity level, and clothing. It describes the human body's ability to thermoregulate through mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and vasodilation/vasoconstriction. The six key parameters that determine heat balance are outlined. Thermal comfort is influenced by adaptive behaviors and environmental exposures over time. Models like PMV and PPD are discussed as ways to predict thermal comfort levels based on measurable environmental and personal factors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    DESC9201 – Introduction to Indoor Environmental Quality

    Semester 2, 2018

    5. Thermal Comfort: Background & Fundamentals


    Thermal Comfort?
    - Does it affect productivity?
    - Think about occupancy costs – influence of people and their comfort on costs.
    - Sexism – female worker’s perceived sensitivity to thermal discomfort
    - Individual differences
    THERMAL COMFORT
    “The condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment”

    Neutrality vs. thermal delight?

    Thermoregulation
    - Humans better equipped to thermoregulate in heat (sweat) than cold (shivering).
    - Physiologically, humans involuntarily thermoregulate.
    o Blood flow – vasoconstriction and vasodilation
    o Sweating
    o Shivering
    o Goosebumps

    - Behaviourally, humans voluntarily


    change the environment (fans, etc.)
    or personal state (clothing, activity,
    etc.).
    - Thermal comfort can only be
    maintained when metabolic heat
    produced EQUALS bodily heat loss.

    - DRY and LATENT Heat Loss:

    The Six Parameters of Heat Balance Measurement:

    Environmental:
    1. Air temp.
    2. Humidity
    3. Air velocity
    4. Mean radiant temp. The uniform temperature of an imaginary enclosure that is the net
    energy exchange of all radiated heat from differing surfaces.
    Personal
    1. Activity (met), e.g. 1=sitting 3=walking 4=sawing (??)
    2. Clothing (clo), e.g. 1=full covering 3=with coat and beanie
    6. Thermal Comfort: Physiological Principles

    Sensible Heat Loss from Body


    R = RADIATION +
    C = CONVECTION

    Other Heat Losses:


    - Clothing (radiation)
    - Respiration (convection)

    HEAT GENERATED (M-W) equals


    (Sensible Heat Loss + Evaporative Heat Loss) +
    (Respiration) +
    (Latent Heat Storage)

    > Operative Temperature is the average between air and radiant temperatures.

    Thermal Resistance Layers

    Skin tissue | Air layer | Clothing | Boundary | Ambient


    Thermoreceptors and their response (the body is a two-node core and shell system)
    Deep core: associated with responses to heat
    Peripheral (cutaneous): associated with responses to cold especially on face, neck, hands

    Responses to heat Responses to cold


    Deep core Peripheral (cutaneous), especially on face, neck,
    hands
    Vasodilation: increase tissue conductance Vasoconstriction: decrease tissue conductance
    Sweat: increase latent heat transfer from skin Shivering: thermogenesis

    7. Thermal Comfort: Adaptive Method


    Charles Webb noted that building occupants seem to be most comfortable in the mean temperature to
    which they are exposed. He suggested that they had adapted to their indoor climate. NOTE:
    A Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) of ZERO = neturality.

    ASHRAE CEN
    Naturally ventilated Free-running inc. mixed-mode
    Regressing votes on observed temps. for buildings Extrapolating sensation from each person
    (increments 2deg)

    Recent development for ASHRAE:

    1. Running mean for prevailing outdoor temperature. Why?


    Because most recent temperature exposures have greater influence on adaptive process. It is about 6
    months for people to adapt to changes in the outdoor weather.

    2. Increased air speeds in the occupied zone.


    8. Thermal Comfort: PMV/PPD Model
    Fanger. Remember the name.
    To maintain thermal comfort, two conditions must be fulfilled:
    1) Heat production MUST EQUAL heat loss
    2) Heat sensor signals MUST EQUAL cold sensor signals

    Mean skin temperature and sweat production are the two factors that influence heat balance at any met.
    Rate.

    PMV = Predicted Mean Vote


    Comfort temperature is the operative temp. to generate a PMV=0.
    - You need to estimate met and clo.
    - You need to measure the four environmental parameters air temp, air velocity, relative humidity,
    mean radiant temp.

    PPD = Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied

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