ITS PROJECT OFFICE

Risk Management @ Monash

A guide to Risk Management

of IT projects at Monash
ITS Project Office Risk Management @ Monash

Revision History
Version Issue Date Nature of Amendment
No
1.0 28 November 2002 Original Version
2.0 23 May 2003 Links to website updated and Template removed (it
is now an Excel Spreadsheet)
2.1 26 May 2003 Modified examples in Impact Rating Guidelines
table. Minor editorial changes.
2.2 23 September 2004 Update hyperlinks to reflect new website structure
ITS Project Office Risk Management @ Monash

Table of Contents
1. Introduction..........................................................................................1

2. Benefits of Risk Management..............................................................1

3. The Risk Management Process............................................................1

3.1 Risk Management Plan ........................................................................................1
3.2 Risk Identification ................................................................................................2
3.3 Risk Analysis ........................................................................................................2

4. Responsibilities ....................................................................................4

5. Glossary ...............................................................................................5

6. References ............................................................................................5

Appendix A: Likelihood and Impact Rating Guidelines ............................6

Appendix B: Overall Risk Rating Matrix...................................................7

Appendix C: Risk Management Plan Template .........................................8

 ITS Project Office Risk Management @ Monash

1. Introduction
This guide to project risk management at Monash aims to define and promote an
understanding of the main elements and requirements of risk management for the
successful implementation of information technology (IT) projects. It also outlines
tools and documentation that should be utilised when employing risk management
practices.

This guide is based on the Monash Audit and Risk Management Branch’s “Risk
Management: Policy & Guidelines”, the thomsett organisation’s ‘third wave’ project
risk management process and the Risk Management Standard AS/NZS 4360:1999.

2. Benefits of Risk Management

Well-managed projects, employing best practice processes and techniques, are more
likely to be successful and not experience delays and budget overruns. The effective
management of project risks is an integral part of best practice project management
and contributes to a smooth and successful project development and implementation.

By focussing on potential risks in the planning stages of a project and implementing

strategies that reduce the impact and likelihood of those risks occurring, costly
surprises can be avoided. A rigorous risk management process makes it easier for the
Project Manager to keep the project on schedule and budget. It also provides a
framework for ensuring that unavoidable risks are adequately insured.

The adoption of a methodical risk management process promotes greater openness in

decision-making and improves communication within the project team and with
stakeholders. It also provides senior management with a register of the major risks
affecting the project and a mechanism to ensure that appropriate resources are
directed towards areas of high risk.

3. The Risk Management Process

3.1 Risk Management Plan

The major deliverable of the project planning phase is the Project Charter, which
defines the scope, objectives, plans and other significant aspects of the project. This
includes a detailed identification and analysis of the project risks, and is specified in a
Risk Management Plan, which needs to be approved by the Project Sponsor.
A Risk Management Plan includes the following information:
• A description of each project risk and how it will affect the project;
• The likelihood that a risk will occur and the associated impact on the project;
• A risk rating (low, medium, high or critical);
• A description of the mitigation strategies that can include preventative,
minimisation and/or contingency actions;
• The person allocated responsibility for managing the mitigation strategy;
• The current status of each mitigation strategy.
A template for the Risk Management Plan can be found at the ITS Project Office
website:
http://www.its.monash.edu.au/projects/project_management/managing_risk.html

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ITS Project Office Risk Management @ Monash

3.2 Risk Identification

Project risks are usually identified and analysed by involving a wide cross section of
project stakeholders and are best done at a single purpose meeting or RAP (Rapid
Planning) session led by a skilled facilitator. For a small project, however, it may be
sufficient for the risk identification and analysis to be performed jointly by the Project
Sponsor and Project Manager.

To aid in the risk identification process, a number of tools, checklists and templates
are available at the ITS Project Office website:
http://www.its.monash.edu.au/projects/project_management/managing_risk.html

3.3 Risk Analysis

The analysis process involves discussion and agreement on the potential risks to the
project. As this process is subjective, different people have different views on what
constitutes a risk. The process should record all views democratically with the
majority view being accepted as the guide. Should a split decision result from the
democratic process then the higher risk factor should be used.

For each risk identified, the following needs to be established:

• the probable cause of the risk
• the likelihood that the risk will occur
• the impact of the risk occurring in terms of its financial and non-financial
impact.
(See Appendix A for guidelines on likelihood and impact ratings).

Risks are rated (in terms of Critical, High, Medium, Low) according to their potential
impact and likelihood of occurrence. This is done by multiplying the Likelihood
Rating with the Impact Rating and checking the Overall Risk Rating Matrix.
(See Appendix B for the Risk Rating Matrix).

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ITS Project Office Risk Management @ Monash

3.4 Risk Management

The next step is the development of risk mitigation strategies to cost effectively
reduce, contain or control project risk. There are two broad types of risk mitigation
strategies:
• Preventative: planned actions to reduce the likelihood a risk will occur and its
associated impact
• Contingency: planned actions to reduce the seriousness of the risk, if it does
occur.

Often decisions need to be made regarding the acceptance of certain risks as opposed
to the costs of mitigation, i.e. some risks may require an expensive mitigation
strategy, but the risk itself may have a low likelihood of occurrence or low impact on
the business. In this case it may be acceptable to just wear the risk.

Risk management is not a one-off activity, as risks can change as a project progresses
or new risks may emerge. It is possible for a project initially assessed as low risk to
quickly escalate into a high-risk project. Therefore project risks and mitigation
strategies should be monitored and reviewed by the Project Manager on an ongoing
basis.

Communication of changes to project risk with all key stakeholders should also be an
ongoing process. The Risk Management Plan should be updated as risk factors
change. As the Plan forms part of the Project Charter, all significant changes should
be signed-off by the Project Sponsor.

Identify risks
Communicate and consult

Monitor and review

Analyse risks

Manage risks

Figure 1: Main elements of the risk management process

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 ITS Project Office Risk Management @ Monash

4. Responsibilities
The primary responsibility for managing project risks lies with the Project Manager.
However, many people involved in a project will have some responsibility for project
risk management, including the development team, Steering Committee, Project
Sponsor and stakeholders. It is important that project team members report potential
risks (or changes to existing risks) to the Project Manager as they become aware of
them.

Risk management key roles and responsibilities are as follows:

Project Manager:

• Monitors and manages all aspects of the risk management process, including:
The development and maintenance of the Risk Management Plan
The ongoing monitoring of the project to identify any new, changed or
eliminated risks
Reporting on status of risks to the Project Sponsor, Steering
Committee and ITS Directors.

Project Sponsor:

• Provides input into the Risk Management Plan, especially assessment of

potential risks and risk mitigation actions
• Ensures that there are adequate resources for managing the project’s risks
• Ensures that there is adequate active participation in the risk management
process by a wide cross-section of stakeholders.

Stakeholder:

• Provides input into the Risk Management Plan

• May also be responsible for some risk mitigation actions.

Development Team Member:

• Assists with the identification and analysis of risks

• Assists in the development of the Risk Management Plan
• May be responsible for some risk mitigation actions

Steering Committee:

• Oversees the Risk Management Plan and its periodic review

• Ensures an effective risk management plan is in place throughout the life of
the project.

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ITS Project Office Risk Management @ Monash

5. Glossary
Impact
The consequence and seriousness of a risk event occurring.

Likelihood
A subjective estimate of the chance that a risk event will occur.

Risk
Refers to any factor that may adversely affect the successful completion
of the project in terms of achievement of its outcomes, delivery of its
outputs, or adverse effects upon resourcing, time, cost or quality. The
higher the risk of the project, the higher the probability that it will fail.

Risk Analysis
A process to assess identified threats to the success of the project, which
results in working papers of the current assessment for each threat (both
likelihood and seriousness), a risk rating and strategies for mitigating the
risks. The results of this analysis are documented in the Risk
Management Plan.

Risk Management
Risk Management is defined in the Risk Management Standard AS/NZS
4360:1999 as the culture, processes and structures that are directed
towards the effective management of potential opportunities and adverse
effects.

Risk Management Plan

A formal plan of the strategies for containing and managing project risk.
It includes a description of the risk, the impact of the risk on the project,
the actions that can be taken to reduce the risk and, if necessary, a
contingency plan.

Risk Mitigation
A strategy to prevent, minimise or eliminate a risk in order to reduce
uncertainty on the project.

Risk Rating
The degree of risk determined by multiplying the likelihood rating and
impact rating.

6. References

• Monash University, Audit & Risk Management, Risk Management Policy &
Guidelines

• http://thomsett.com.au

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 ITS Project Office Risk Management @ Monash

Appendix A: Likelihood and Impact Rating Guidelines

Likelihood Rating Guidelines

RATING DESCRIPTION
There is little doubt that the event will occur
Almost Certain (5) History of regular occurrence at the University and/or similar projects

There is a strong possibility that the event will occur

Likely (4) History of frequent occurrence at the University and/or similar projects

There is a possibility that the event will occur

Possible (3) History of casual occurrence at the University and/or similar projects

There is a slight possibility that the event will occur

Unlikely (2) History of casual occurrence in similar projects

Rare (1) It is highly unlikely that the event will occur

Impact Rating Guidelines

RATING EXAMPLES
• Demand for government enquiry
• Long-term cessation of core activities
Catastrophic (5) • Impacts on a majority of staff and students
• Has a large financial impact (loss of revenue or unexpected cost)
• Significant unfavourable public/media attention
• Short-term cessation of core activities
Major (4) • Impacts on a significant number of staff and students
• Impact is felt across multiple faculties and departments
• Has a significant financial impact (loss of revenue or unexpected cost)
• Some unfavourable external media coverage
• Significant long term disruption of non-core activities
Moderate (3) • Impacts a limited number of departments, staff or students
• Has some financial impact (loss of revenue or unexpected cost)
• Probable limited unfavourable media coverage
Minor (2) • Significant short-term disruption of non-core activities
• Has a small financial impact (loss of revenue or unexpected cost)

• Unlikely to have impact on corporate image

Insignificant (1) • Minimal impact on operations
• Insignificant financial loss

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ITS Project Office Risk Management @ Monash

Appendix B: Overall Risk Rating Matrix

Likelihood Impact
Almost
Medium High High Critical Critical
Certain
(5) (10) (15) (20) (25)
(5)
Likely Low Medium High High Critical
(4) (4) (8) (12) (16) (20)

Low Medium Medium High High

Possible (3)
(3) (6) (9) (12) (15)
Low Low Medium Medium High
Unlikely (2)
(2) (4) (6) (8) (10)
Rare Low Low Low Low Medium
(1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Action Required

Critical & Management Strategies to be developed, implemented and reported to Project

High: Sponsor and ITS Project Office. The ITS Project Office will report all risks at this
level to the ITS Directorate.
Medium: Management Strategies to be developed and implemented by Project Manager
Low: Acceptable risk level - managed by normal control procedures

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 RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN
Project: Date Completed:
Project Sponsor: Project Manager:
Appendix C: Risk Management Plan Template
Risk Likelihood Impact Risk Impact Mitigation Strategies Assigned Status
Rating To

SAMPLE ONLY

The Risk Management Plan Template can be downloaded from:

http://www.its.monash.edu.au/projects/project_management/downloads/Risk_Management_Plan_Template.xls