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Safety

This document discusses robotics safety. It describes three zones around robots: a safe zone outside their reach, a cautionary zone where contact is still possible, and a danger zone within their work area. When entering the danger zone, one must use a teach pendant equipped with an emergency stop button to halt robot movement. The document outlines other safety devices like guards, sensors, and interlocks used to prevent automatic operation if a person enters the danger zone to protect humans working near robots.

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Aswath Sridhar
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101 views36 pages

Safety

This document discusses robotics safety. It describes three zones around robots: a safe zone outside their reach, a cautionary zone where contact is still possible, and a danger zone within their work area. When entering the danger zone, one must use a teach pendant equipped with an emergency stop button to halt robot movement. The document outlines other safety devices like guards, sensors, and interlocks used to prevent automatic operation if a person enters the danger zone to protect humans working near robots.

Uploaded by

Aswath Sridhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Robots & Automation – MFET 445

Robots & CNC in Integrated


Manufacturing – MFET 685
Agenda
• Robotics Safety
• Danger Zones
• Safety Devices

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Robotics Safety
 Robots require respect
 We have created robots to carry out tasks in both industry and
our everyday lives.
 Robotic systems are capable of moving parts, welding metal,
machining, providing surveillance, defusing bombs,
delivering military strikes, entertaining us and executing
many other tasks, all of which involve some level of inherent
danger.

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https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=NtQjQkDli-g

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Robotics Safety
 A robot performs its actions via programming, direct
control, or some combination of the two.
 Robots do not have feelings
 Do not have moods
 Do not have intuitive thought

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Danger Zones
 Working with robots there are three different zones:
 Safe zone:
 Is where a person can pass near a robot without having to worry about
making contact with the system. This area is outside of the reach of the
robotics system as well as beyond the area that the robot can affect.
 Cautionary zone:
 Is the area where one is close to the robot but still outside of the work
envelope.
 Danger zone:
 Is where the work envelope, the area the robot can reach and where all
the robotic action takes place.

*Work envelope: the area that a robot can reach during operation

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Danger Zones
 When we put ourselves in the danger zone
 Shut the down the robot down before entering
 Stop the system completely
 In industry it is an OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration) requirement that anyone entering this area be
in possession of a teach pendant.
 Teach pendant: is a handheld device, usually attached to a
fairly long cord, that allows people to edit or create
programs and control various operations of the robot.

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Teach Pendant

All teach pendants are equipped with an E-stop, or


Emergency stop.
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Danger Zones
 E-stop (Emergency Stop):
 An emergency stop used to shut down most of the powered
operations of the machine and stop all motion as quick as
possible.

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Danger Zones
 Deadman Switch
 A positive control switch that must be held engaged in order to
allow the robot to move
 Release, or squeeze too hard, and the robot is disabled

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E-stop

Computer Drives

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BAD PRACTICE – UNSAFE!

E-stop

Computer Drives

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Computer Drives

Normally
E-stops
open
contactor

Power
Normally closed switches Supply

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Electric Brake – Mechanically locks when power is removed

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Computer Drives Brake

E-stops

Normally closed switches Power Supply

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Safety Devices
 The modern robot uses a multitude of various sensors and devices to
ensure that the humans who work around or happen into the danger
zone are as safe as possible.
 Without these devices, many of the tasks we perform with an around
robots would have a greatly increased risk of injury or death.
 Common safety components:
 Guards
 Proximity Switch
 Limit Switch
 Safety Interlock
 Presence Sensor
 Pressure Sensor
 Photo eye Sensor
 Laser photo eye sensor
 Light curtain
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Guards
 Devices or enclosures designed to protect us from the
dangers of a system.

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Limit Switch
 A switch that senses the presence or absence of a material by
contact with a movable arm attached to the end of the unit.

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Safety Interlock
 A system where all the safety switches have to be closed or
made for the equipment to run in automatic mode.

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Presence Sensor
 Sensors that detect when a person is inside the danger zone
that are tied into the system to prevent automatic operation.

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Optical motion sensor

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Infrared sensor

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acoustic sensor

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Pressure Sensor
 A device that detects the presence or absence of a
predetermined amount of force.

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Photo Eye Sensor
 A device that emits an infrared beam that is reflected back by
a shiny surface or a standard reflector to a receiver in the unit
to detect the presence or absence of materials.

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Laser Photo Eye Sensor
 A sensor that uses a concentrated beam of light known as a
laser to sense the presence or absence of objects, often over
large distances, by the reflection of the laser light to a
receiver.

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Light Curtain
 A sensor that houses the emitter and receiver separately to
create an infrared sensing barrier, often used to sense people
in or entering a dangerous area.

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Sensors are
used to activate
the E-stop
Computer Drives

Normally
E-stops
open
contactor

Power
Normally closed switches Supply

36

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