TL494

PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS

www.ti.com SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005

FEATURES D, DB, N, NS, OR PW PACKAGE

• Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry (TOP VIEW)
• Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or
Source Current 1IN+ 1 16 2IN+
1IN− 2IN−
• Output Control Selects Single-Ended or 2 15

Push-Pull Operation FEEDBACK 3 14 REF

DTC 4 13 OUTPUT CTRL
• Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at
CT 5 12 VCC
Either Output
RT 6 11 C2
• Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over GND 7 10 E2
Total Range C1 8 9 E1
• Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V
Reference Supply With 5% Tolerance
• Circuit Architecture Allows Easy
Synchronization

DESCRIPTION
The TL494 incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control
circuit on a single chip. Designed primarily for power-supply control, this device offers the flexibility to tailor the
power-supply control circuitry to a specific application.
The TL494 contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator,
a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V, 5%-precision regulator, and output-control circuits.
The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from –0.3 V to VCC – 2 V. The dead-time control
comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed
by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it can drive the common
circuits in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies.
The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. The
TL494 provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, which can be selected through the output-control
function. The architecture of this device prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during
push-pull operation.
The TL494C is characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C. The TL494I is characterized for operation from
–40°C to 85°C.

AVAILABLE OPTIONS
PACKAGED DEVICES (1)
TA SHRINK SMALL THIN SHRINK
SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC DIP SMALL OUTLINE
OUTLINE SMALL OUTLINE
(D) (N) (NS)
(DB) (PW)
0°C to 70°C TL494CD TL494CN TL494CNS TL494CDB TL494CPW
–40°C to 85°C TL494ID TL494IN — — —

(1) The D, DB, NS, and PW packages are available taped and reeled. Add the suffix R to device type (e.g., TL494CDR).

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 1983–2005, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
TL494
PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com
SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005

FUNCTION TABLE
INPUT TO
OUTPUT FUNCTION
OUTPUT CTRL
VI = GND Single-ended or parallel output
VI = Vref Normal push-pull operation

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

OUTPUT CTRL
(see Function Table)
13
RT 6
Oscillator
CT 5 Q1
8
1D C1
Dead-Time Control
9
≈ 0.1 V Comparator E1
4
DTC C1

≈ 0.7 V Q2 11
PWM
Error Amplifier 1 C2
Comparator
1 10
1IN+ + E2
2 Pulse-Steering
1IN− −
Flip-Flop

Error Amplifier 2 12
16 VCC
2IN+ +
2IN− 15 − Reference 14
REF
Regulator

7
GND

3 0.7 mA
FEEDBACK

2
 TL494
www.ti.com
PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005
(1)
Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN MAX UNIT
VCC Supply voltage (2) 41 V
VI Amplifier input voltage VCC + 0.3 V
VO Collector output voltage 41 V
IO Collector output current 250 mA
D package 73
DB package 82
θJA Package thermal impedance (3) (4) N package 67 °C/W
NS package 64
PW package 108
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds 260 °C
Tstg Storage temperature range –65 150 °C

(1) Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating
conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) All voltages are with respect to the network ground terminal.
(3) Maximum power disipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient
temperatire is PD = (TJ(max) – TA)/θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability.
(4) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7.

Recommended Operating Conditions

MIN MAX UNIT
VCC Supply voltage 7 40 V
VI Amplifier input voltage –0.3 VCC – 2 V
VO Collector output voltage 40 V
Collector output current (each transistor) 200 mA
Current into feedback terminal 0.3 mA
fOSC Oscillator frequency 1 300 kHz
CT Timing capacitor 0.47 10000 nF
RT Timing resistor 1.8 500 kΩ
TL494C 0 70
TA Operating free-air temperature °C
TL494I –40 85

3
TL494
PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com
SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005

Electrical Characteristics
over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted)

Reference Section
TL494C, TL494I
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS (1) UNIT
MIN TYP (2) MAX
Output voltage (REF) IO = 1 mA 4.75 5 5.25 V
Input regulation VCC = 7 V to 40 V 2 25 mV
Output regulation IO = 1 mA to 10 mA 1 15 mV
Output voltage change with temperature ∆TA = MIN to MAX 2 10 mV/V
Short-circuit output current (3) REF = 0 V 25 mA

(1) For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions.
(2) All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25°C.
(3) Duration of short circuit should not exceed one second.

Oscillator Section
CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ (see Figure 1)
TL494C, TL494I
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS (1) UNIT
MIN TYP (2) MAX
Frequency 10 kHz
Standard deviation of frequency (3) All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant 100 Hz/kHz
Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TA = 25°C 1 Hz/kHz
Frequency change with temperature (4) ∆TA = MIN to MAX 10 Hz/kHz

(1) For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions.
(2) All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25°C.
(3) Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula:


 N
 (x n
X)2
n1
N
1
(4) Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor are not taken into account.

Error-Amplifier Section
See Figure 2
TL494C, TL494I
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS UNIT
MIN TYP (1) MAX
Input offset voltage VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 2 10 mV
Input offset current VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 25 250 nA
Input bias current VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 0.2 1 µA
–0.3 to
Common-mode input voltage range VCC = 7 V to 40 V V
VCC – 2
Open-loop voltage amplification ∆VO = 3 V, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 kΩ 70 95 dB
Unity-gain bandwidth VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 kΩ 800 kHz
Common-mode rejection ratio ∆VO = 40 V, TA = 25°C 65 80 dB
Output sink current (FEEDBACK) VID = –15 mV to –5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V 0.3 0.7 mA
Output source current (FEEDBACK) VID = 15 mV to 5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 3.5 V –2 mA

(1) All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25°C.

4
 TL494
www.ti.com
PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005

Electrical Characteristics
over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted)

Output Section
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP (1) MAX UNIT
Collector off-state current VCE = 40 V, VCC = 40 V 2 100 µA
Emitter off-state current VCC = VC = 40 V, VE = 0 –100 µA
Common emitter VE = 0, IC = 200 mA 1.1 1.3
Collector-emitter saturation voltage V
Emitter follower VO(C1 or C2) = 15 V, IE = –200 mA 1.5 2.5
Output control input current VI = Vref 3.5 mA

(1) All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.

Dead-Time Control Section

See Figure 1
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP (1) MAX UNIT
Input bias current (DEAD-TIME CTRL) VI = 0 to 5.25 V –2 –10 µA
VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 0, CT = 0.01 µF,
Maximum duty cycle, each output 45 %
RT = 12 kΩ
Zero duty cycle 3 3.3
Input threshold voltage (DEAD-TIME CTRL) V
Maximum duty cycle 0

(1) All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.

PWM Comparator Section

See Figure 1
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP (1) MAX UNIT
Input threshold voltage (FEEDBACK) Zero duty cyle 4 4.5 V
Input sink current (FEEDBACK) V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V 0.3 0.7 mA

(1) All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.

Total Device
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP (1) MAX UNIT
RT = Vref, VCC = 15 V 6 10
Standby supply current mA
All other inputs and outputs open VCC = 40 V 9 15
Average supply current VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 2 V, See Figure 1 7.5 mA

(1) All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.

Switching Characteristics
TA = 25°C
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP (1) MAX UNIT
Rise time 100 200 ns
Common-emitter configuration, See Figure 3
Fall time 25 100 ns
Rise time 100 200 ns
Emitter-follower configuration, See Figure 4
Fall time 40 100 ns

(1) All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.

5
TL494
PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com
SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

VCC = 15 V

12 150 Ω 150 Ω
2W 2W
VCC
4 8
Test DTC C1 Output 1
Inputs 3 9
FEEDBACK E1
12 kΩ
6 11
RT C2 Output 2
5 10
CT E2
0.01 µF
1
1IN+
2
1IN− Error
16
2IN+ Amplifiers
15
2IN−
13 OUTPUT 14
REF
CTRL
GND
50 kΩ
7

TEST CIRCUIT

VCC
Voltage
at C1
0V

VCC
Voltage
at C2
0V

Voltage
at CT

Threshold Voltage
DTC

0V

Threshold Voltage
FEEDBACK

0.7 V
Duty Cycle MAX 0%
0%

VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS

Figure 1. Operational Test Circuit and Waveforms

6
 TL494
www.ti.com
PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005

PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

Amplifier Under Test
+
VI FEEDBACK
−

Vref −
Other Amplifier

Figure 2. Amplifier Characteristics

15 V

68 Ω
2W tf tr
Each Output
Circuit Output
90% 90%
CL = 15 pF
(See Note A)
10% 10%

TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM

NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance.

Figure 3. Common-Emitter Configuration

15 V

Each Output
Circuit

Output
90% 90%
68 Ω
2W
CL = 15 pF
10% 10%
(See Note A)
tr tf

TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM

NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance.

Figure 4. Emitter-Follower Configuration

7
TL494
PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS www.ti.com
SLVS074E – JANUARY 1983 – REVISED FEBRUARY 2005

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY AND
FREQUENCY VARIATION†
vs
TIMING RESISTANCE

f − Oscillator Frequency and Frequency Variation − Hz

100 k
VCC = 15 V
40 k TA = 25°C
−2%
−1% 0.001 µF
10 k

0% 0.01 µF
4k

1k 0.1 µF

400
†
Df = 1%
100
CT = 1 µF
40

10
1k 4k 10 k 40 k 100 k 400 k 1M
RT − Timing Resistance − Ω

† Frequency variation (∆f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range.

Figure 5.

AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION

vs
FREQUENCY
100
VCC = 15 V
90 ∆VO = 3 V
A − Amplifier Voltage Amplification − dB

TA = 25°C
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
1 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k 1M
f − Frequency − Hz

Figure 6.

8
 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 28-Feb-2005

PACKAGING INFORMATION

Orderable Device Status (1) Package Package Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (3)
Type Drawing Qty
TL494CD ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR/
(RoHS) Level-1-235C-UNLIM
TL494CDBR ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR/
(RoHS) Level-1-235C-UNLIM
TL494CDR ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR/
(RoHS) Level-1-235C-UNLIM
TL494CJ OBSOLETE CDIP J 16 None Call TI Call TI
TL494CN ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-NC-NC-NC
(RoHS)
TL494CNSR ACTIVE SO NS 16 2000 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR/
(RoHS) Level-1-235C-UNLIM
TL494CPW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-1-250C-UNLIM
(RoHS)
TL494CPWLE OBSOLETE TSSOP PW 16 None Call TI Call TI
TL494CPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-1-250C-UNLIM
(RoHS)
TL494ID ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR/
(RoHS) Level-1-235C-UNLIM
TL494IDR ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-2-260C-1 YEAR/
(RoHS) Level-1-235C-UNLIM
TL494IN ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 Pb-Free CU NIPDAU Level-NC-NC-NC
(RoHS)
TL494MJ OBSOLETE CDIP J 16 None Call TI Call TI
TL494MJB OBSOLETE CDIP J 16 None Call TI Call TI
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in
a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.

(2)
Eco Plan - May not be currently available - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional
product content details.
None: Not yet available Lead (Pb-Free).
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements
for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered
at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean "Pb-Free" and in addition, uses package materials that do not contain halogens,
including bromine (Br) or antimony (Sb) above 0.1% of total product weight.

(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDECindustry standard classifications, and peak solder
temperature.

Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is
provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the
accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take
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In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI

Addendum-Page 1
 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 28-Feb-2005

to Customer on an annual basis.

Addendum-Page 2
 MECHANICAL DATA

MSSO002E – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED DECEMBER 2001

DB (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE

28 PINS SHOWN

0,38
0,65 0,15 M
0,22
28 15

0,25
0,09
5,60 8,20
5,00 7,40

Gage Plane

1 14 0,25

A 0°–ā8° 0,95
0,55

Seating Plane

2,00 MAX 0,05 MIN 0,10

PINS **
14 16 20 24 28 30 38
DIM

A MAX 6,50 6,50 7,50 8,50 10,50 10,50 12,90

A MIN 5,90 5,90 6,90 7,90 9,90 9,90 12,30

4040065 /E 12/01

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15.
D. Falls within JEDEC MO-150

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

 MECHANICAL DATA

MTSS001C – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1999

PW (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE

14 PINS SHOWN

0,30
0,65 0,10 M
0,19
14 8

0,15 NOM
4,50 6,60
4,30 6,20

Gage Plane

0,25
1 7
0°– 8°
A 0,75
0,50

Seating Plane

1,20 MAX 0,15 0,10

0,05

PINS **
8 14 16 20 24 28
DIM

A MAX 3,10 5,10 5,10 6,60 7,90 9,80

A MIN 2,90 4,90 4,90 6,40 7,70 9,60

4040064/F 01/97

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15.
D. Falls within JEDEC MO-153

POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265

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