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    Lab Report

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    Syafiq MT
    To determine the fatigue limit of a material, it is tested by applying cyclic stresses until it survives 10 million cycles without failure. This endurance limit provides an estimate of the material's fatigue strength. For the sample calculation, the theoretical stress values matched the experimental values. In calculating the torsional moment of a loaded shaft, the measured value of 536,234 Nm closely matched the calculated value of 7,066,800 Nm. Comparing measured and calculated values helps validate theoretical models against experimental results.

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    Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    Syafiq MT
    71 views4 pages
    To determine the fatigue limit of a material, it is tested by applying cyclic stresses until it survives 10 million cycles without failure. This endurance limit provides an estimate of the material's fatigue strength. For the sample calculation, the theoretical stress values matched the experimental values. In calculating the torsional moment of a loaded shaft, the measured value of 536,234 Nm closely matched the calculated value of 7,066,800 Nm. Comparing measured and calculated values helps validate theoretical models against experimental results.

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    To determine the fatigue limit of a material, it is tested by applying cyclic stresses until it survives 10 million cycles without failure. This endurance limit provides an estimate of the material's fatigue strength. For the sample calculation, the theoretical stress values matched the experimental values. In calculating the torsional moment of a loaded shaft, the measured value of 536,234 Nm closely matched the calculated value of 7,066,800 Nm. Comparing measured and calculated values helps validate theoretical models against experimental results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    71 views4 pages

    Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    Syafiq MT
    To determine the fatigue limit of a material, it is tested by applying cyclic stresses until it survives 10 million cycles without failure. This endurance limit provides an estimate of the material's fatigue strength. For the sample calculation, the theoretical stress values matched the experimental values. In calculating the torsional moment of a loaded shaft, the measured value of 536,234 Nm closely matched the calculated value of 7,066,800 Nm. Comparing measured and calculated values helps validate theoretical models against experimental results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    5.

    Analysis
    a) Discuss how a fatigue limit is used in estimating the tensile strength.

    To determine the fatigue strength of a material it is necessary to test the material to


    failure in a very different way from that used to determine its ultimate strength in
    tension.
    i. Steel
    At higher strength/hardness levels, materials lose fatigue strength due to increased
    notch sensitivity and brittleness. With the addition of compressive stresses from
    shot peening, however, metal fatigue strength increases proportionately to
    increasing strength/hardness. The cyclic stress level of the first set of tests is some
    large percentage of the Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS), which produces failure in a
    relatively small number of cycles. Subsequent tests are run at lower cyclic stress
    values until a level is found at which the samples will survive 10 million cycles
    without failure. The cyclic stress level that the material can sustain for 10 million
    cycles is called the Endurance Limit (EL).
    iii. Copper
    Soft copper has a tensile strength of about 200 MPa, yield strength of 40-80 MPa,
    and a breaking elongation of over 40%. With cold forming, the tensile strength can
    be increased to at least 350 MPa and the yield strength at least 320 MPa, then the
    breaking elongation is lowered to values below 5%.

    Pure copper does not become brittle under warmer temperatures and thus can be
    shaped easily. At the same time, copper does not turn brittle under colder
    temperatures.

    Because copper has considerable fatigue-strength, it is also an ideal material for


    oscillating stresses without the danger of it becoming brittle and breaking.

    Even with slight variations in the purity of copper the physical properties will not
    very much. The creep tensile strength can be enhanced through the creation of
    copper alloys such as copper-silver.

    With alloys, a greater strength of up to 700 MPa can be achieved and, in some
    cases, even up to 1500 MPa. The disadvantage is that the conductivity of such
    alloys decreases significantly.

    iv. Brasses set the standard by which the machinability of other materials is judged and
    are also available in a very wide variety of product forms and sizes to allow minimum
    machining to finished dimensions. Brass does not become brittle at low temperatures
    like mild steel.

    Brass also has excellent thermal conductivity, making it a first choice for heat
    exchangers (radiators). Its electrical conductivity ranges from 23 to 44% that of pure
    copper.
    b) With the help of sample calculation, compare stress σ between experimental and
    theoretical result. Evaluate your answers.
    σ = F/A
    σ = 20N/20 mm2
    σ = 1 N/mm2

    Stresses and strains for a load of 20N,


    Cross-sectional area 20 mm2
    Experimental Theoretical Value
    Material Value stress σ stress σ
    in N/mm2 in N/mm2

    Steel 1120434 1

    Copper 902254.2 1

    Brass 839168 1

    Aluminium 1012285,2 1

    This is because in experimental we can calculate value of stress precisely using a


    device instead of using the theoretical value.

    c) The shear modulus G of 80000 N/m2 and section modulus Wp of 196.3 mm3.
    Calculate torsional moment for a load 5N.

    2
    Mt = . 𝐺. 𝑊𝑝. 𝑈𝐴
    𝑈𝐵
    𝑘
    2
    Mt = 2.05 ∗ 80000 ∗ 196.3 ∗ 0.035

    Mt = 536234.1463 Nm
    d) With the help of calculation compare the differences between measured and
    calculated values of torsional moment.
    γ = rd θ / dLds
    𝛕=γ.G
    γ = 0.005(0.01)45/0.01(0.5)
    𝛕 = 0.45 * 80000
    γ = 0.45
    𝛕 = 7066800
    Ε = 1/k * Ua/Ub
    γ=2E Ε = 1/k * Ua/Ub
    E = 0.45/2
    Ua/Ub = 2.05(0.225)
    E = 0.225
    2 Ua/Ub = 0.46125
    Mt = . 𝐺. 𝑊𝑝. 𝑈𝐴
    𝑈𝐵
    𝑘

    2
    Mt = 2.05 ∗ 80000 ∗ 196.3 ∗ 0.46125

    Mt = 7066800 Nm

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