DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

SABBAVARAM, VISAKHAPATNAM, A.P., INDIA

ASSIGNMENT TITLE
SWOT ANANLYSIS OF CENSUS ACT, 2011

SUBJECT
ECONOMICS

NAME OF THE FACULTY

SUBMITTED BY:
SUSMITA TRIPATHY
Roll No.2017096
Semester-III
 TABLE OF CONTENTS:

I.ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………..3

II. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................…...4

III. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………………4

IV. RESULTS/FINDINGS……………………………………………………….........…….4

V.DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………………..6

VI.CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………..7

VII.RECOMMENDATION…………………………………………………………………7

VIII.BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES…………………………………………………….8

IX. RELATIONSHIP OF LAW AND ECONOMICS………………………………………8

A SWOT analysis is an instrumental framework in value-based management and strategy

Strengths: Internal attributes and resources that support a successful outcome. Weaknesses:
Internal attributes and resources that work against a successful outcome. Opportunities: External
factors that the entity can capitalize on or use to its advantage. Threats: External factors that
could jeopardize the entity’s success.

What is Census?
Population Census is the total process of collecting, compiling, analyzing or otherwise
disseminating demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specific time, of all
persons in a country or a well-defined part of a country. As such, the census provides snapshot of
the country's population and housing at a given point of time.

Why Census?
The census provides information on size, distribution and socio-economic, demographic and
other characteristics of the country's population. The data collected through the census are used
for administration, planning and policy making as well as management and evaluation of various
programmes by the government, NGOs, researchers, commercial and private enterprises, etc.
Census data is also used for demarcation of constituencies and allocation of representation to
parliament, State legislative Assemblies and the local bodies. Researchers and demographers use
census data to analyze growth and trends of population and make projections. The census data is
also important for business houses and industries for strengthening and planning their business
for penetration into areas, which had hitherto remained, uncovered.
INTRODUCTION:
Population, growth rate , proportion of population,sex ratio, children population, child sex ratio ,
SC/ST population, number of literates , literacy ratio (both male and female ), workers and their
participation are some of the criteria that is calculated under the census acts. The subsequent
results give us an estimate of how far we have developed in which field and can be used to
determine what future measures need to be taken for the growth in these areas.

METHODOLOGY: In this analysis the researcher has done a combination of descriptive and
explanatory doctrinal research.

FINDINGS/RESULTS:
STRENGTHS:
1. Administrative Units: Census 2011 covered 35 States/Union Territories, 640 districts,
5,924 Sub districts, 7933 towns, 640930 village. In census 2001, there were 593 districts, 5463
sub districts, 5161 towns, 638588 villages. There is an increase of 47 districts, 461 sub districts,
2772 towns, 2342 villages in census 2011 than census 2001.

2. For the first time in 2011, marginal workers who worked for less than six months in the
reference year, have been sub-divided in two categories, namely, those working for less than 3
months and those who worked for 3 months or more but less than six months.

3. An important feature of the age distribution of the population is that between 2001 and
2011, the population aged six years or younger has declined absolutely in rural areas from 12.65
crore in 2001 to 12.13 crore in 2011. But this has been offset by a slightly larger increase in the
population in this age group in urban areas, so that there is a marginal increase in the population
in this age group for India as a whole, from 16.38 crore in 2001 to 16.52 crore in 2011. However,
the share of the population in this age group in the total population has declined, indicating the
continuing movement towards population stabilisation.
4. An important indicator of the status of women in a society is the sex ratio of the
population. In the Indian census, this is measured as females per 1,000 males. The population sex
ratio in India declined through most of the 20th century but has recently shown an upward trend.
It rose from 927 in 1991 to 933 in 2001. It has further risen to 943 in 2011.

5. Literacy rates have continued to improve, given their low levels to start with and given
that school enrolment ratios have been rising. Again, in line with expectations, the rates of
increase in literacy rates are distinctly higher for females compared with males and for rural
areas compared with urban areas. The gender gap in literacy rates has come down in both urban
and rural areas.

WEAKNESS:
1. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years) (Girls per thousand Boys) - fall by 8 points from 927 to 918
during 2001-2011. This is the lowest sex ratio since 1961. In rural areas, the fall has been to the
tune of 11 points(934 to 923) and in urban areas, the decline has been to an extent of 1 point (906
to 905) over the last decade. Delhi - lowest in rural, chhatishgarh - highest in rural , haryana-
lowest in urban , puduchherry-highest in urban.

2. An interesting aspect of this growth was that the urban population grew in absolute terms
by practically as much as the rural population: the population increase of 18.22 crore between
2001 and 2011 was distributed as 9.12 crore in rural India and 9.1 crore in urban India. In
proportional terms, the urban population grew by 31.8 per cent between 2001 and 2011 while the
rural population grew by 12.3 per cent during the decade.

3. However, it must be noted that as of 2011, the difference between the rural male literacy
rate, at 77.1 per cent, and the rural female literacy rate, at 57.9 per cent, is more than 19
percentage points. Even in urban areas, the gap is considerable at 9.7 percentage points in 2011.
The gender disparities are much higher in the States that show lower literacy rates and are simply
unacceptable in a modern society.

OPPORTUNITY:
1. The overall literacy rate for members of the Scheduled Castes (S.Cs) is 66.1 per cent,
nearly seven percentage points lower than that of the entire population. The gap between the
S.Cs and others will be even higher. In urban areas, the gap is slightly larger: the S.Cs report a
literacy rate of 76.2 per cent as against 84.1 per cent for the entire urban population in 2011. The
literacy rates for members of the Scheduled Tribes (S.Ts) are lower at 59.0 per cent overall and
56.9 per cent in rural areas. It is only in urban areas that the S.Ts have a literacy rate that
marginally exceeds that of the S.Cs, at 76.8 per cent against 76.2 per cent for the S.Cs.

2. According to the 2011 census, 4.14 crore households have at least one graduate or above
out of the total 24.8 crore households. This is about 16.7% of the total households or one out of
every 6 households. The corresponding percentage in the 2001 census was 12.2%. There is
almost a 4.5% point increase in the number of households with at least one graduate or above.

3. According to census data, a total of 3.3 crore households have one male graduate or
above, while the corresponding number for one female graduate or above is 2.2 crore. This puts
the percentage of households with male graduate at 13.4% while the corresponding percentage
for female graduates is 8.8%.

4. The fertility of Muslims, which was about 10 per cent higher than that of Hindus before
independence, is now 25 to 30 per cent higher than the Hindu rate.

THREATS:
1. According to the 2011 Census, the Muslim population in India had grown by merely 24
per cent. It was further highlighted that the growth rate of Muslim population was lower than the
decadal Muslim growth rate of census 2001, though it was higher than the average national
growth rate of 18 per cent for all communities.

2. The Hindu population is now officially below 80% nationally as per the census. If we
consider the undeclared Christian population to it, (those who enjoy Hindu reservation benefits
but practise Christianity), the numbers would be further lower to this.
DISCUSSION:
A problem with obsessive focus on population numbers is that it tends to undermine the
importance of gender balance and also misses out on what the factors that cause fertility decline
are. Some of the mindless arguments of religious fanatics tend to look at population growth by
religion without any attempt to understand the factors that impact on the growth of any human
population.
Factors such as improvement in infant and child survival, education and empowerment of
women, overcoming of patriarchal structures and values, improvements in health care, and
livelihood security in old age are recognised as important determinants of population growth.
These are the variables that need to be focussed on.
The growth rate of population of the different religious communities in the same period was:
16.8% for Hindus; 24.6% for Muslims; 15.5% for Christians; 8.4% for Sikhs; 6.1% for
Buddhists and 5.4% for Jains. This is a serious matter. Because 6 decades ago, the country was
partition on the basis of religion. the same community is now being allowed a free-hand in
growing their numbers. At the same time they enjoy privileges of minority rights, create sense of
insecurity in the areas where they have larger numbers. History shows that whenever the Hindu
numbers have reduced, those parts become communally very sensitive, lead to ethnic cleansing
and ultimately lead to secession.

RECOMMENDATION:
Population Trends should be treated as an Opportunity, not as a Threat, if coupled with Smart
Policies. By providing opportunities to individuals, allowing them to reach their full potential
throughout the entire life course,etc.
"We assert today that the population dimension is a key element of sustainable development
which rests on social, economic and environmental pillars and also considers the impact of
development on the opportunities of future generations", said Andrey Vasilyev, UNECE Deputy
Executive Secretary: "It is therefore indispensable to reconcile the needs of all groups within
society, young and old, men and women and people with special needs."

CONCLUSION:
The census results of 2011 show that the demographic transition which has been under way in
India since long is continuing, with total fertility rates coming down across the country. India is
moving towards population stabilisation, though not as rapidly as might be desired.

BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES:
1. http://indiafacts.org/census-2011-and-the-demographic-threat/
2. https://www.unfpa.org/news/population-trends-are-opportunity-not-threat-if-coupled-smart-
policies
3. http://www.drishtiias.com/upsc-exam-gs-resources-Census-2011-and-some-key-
characteristics-of-the-population
4. www.censusindia.gov.in-PCA_Highlights
5. http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/about_census.aspx

RELATION OF CENSUS ACT WITH ECONOMICS:

The economic census provides detailed information on operational and other characteristics such
as number of establishments, number of persons employed, source of finance, type of ownership
etc. These information used for micro level/ decentralized planning and to assess contribution of
various sectors of the economy in the gross domestic product (GDP) and Scheme called
Economic Census and Surveys. In 1977 Central Statistical Organisation conducted First
economic census in collaboration with the Directorate of Economics & Statistics (DES) in the
States/Union Territories. The economic censuses of 1980 and 1990 were integrated with the
house-listing operations of the population census.
Six times economic census held in the years of 1977, 1980,1990,1998,2005 and 2013.
“In fact in these days you cannot take up any serious administrative, economic or social work
without referring to the Census Report which is an essential part of every enquiry of every study.
Even for solution of minor problems you have often to consult the Census reports"
-- Shri Govind Ballabh Pant