Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 280 views

    Force (Flexibility) Method of Structural Analysis

    Uploaded by

    thareenda
    1. The force (flexibility) method is used to analyze statically indeterminate structures. It involves determining redundants, which are unknown internal forces, as well as external support reactions and internal member forces. 2. The method first makes the structure statically determinate by introducing releases. This allows calculation of the displacements or "errors" at the release points. 3. Flexibility coefficients relating redundants to displacements are then used to set up a matrix equation to solve for the redundant forces, from which all other internal and external forces can be determined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Force (Flexibility) Method of Structural Analysis

    Uploaded by

    thareenda
    280 views48 pages
    1. The force (flexibility) method is used to analyze statically indeterminate structures. It involves determining redundants, which are unknown internal forces, as well as external support reactions and internal member forces. 2. The method first makes the structure statically determinate by introducing releases. This allows calculation of the displacements or "errors" at the release points. 3. Flexibility coefficients relating redundants to displacements are then used to set up a matrix equation to solve for the redundant forces, from which all other internal and external forces can be determined.

    Original Description:

    bdfhrfhe

    Original Title

    Lecture-10 Force Method

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. The force (flexibility) method is used to analyze statically indeterminate structures. It involves determining redundants, which are unknown internal forces, as well as external support reactions and internal member forces. 2. The method first makes the structure statically determinate by introducing releases. This allows calculation of the displacements or "errors" at the release points. 3. Flexibility coefficients relating redundants to displacements are then used to set up a matrix equation to solve for the redundant forces, from which all other internal and external forces can be determined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    280 views48 pages

    Force (Flexibility) Method of Structural Analysis

    Uploaded by

    thareenda
    1. The force (flexibility) method is used to analyze statically indeterminate structures. It involves determining redundants, which are unknown internal forces, as well as external support reactions and internal member forces. 2. The method first makes the structure statically determinate by introducing releases. This allows calculation of the displacements or "errors" at the release points. 3. Flexibility coefficients relating redundants to displacements are then used to set up a matrix equation to solve for the redundant forces, from which all other internal and external forces can be determined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 48

    Structural Analysis

    Lecture
    Force (Flexibility)
    Method of
    Structural analysis
    Analysis of Structures
    • The objective of analyzing a structure is to
    determine the unknown support reactions
    (external forces) and its internal forces (such as
    bending moment and shear force at any point in
    the structure).
    • If the structure is statically determinate, these
    can be determined using equations of
    equilibrium.
    • However, if the structure is statically
    indeterminate, analysis cannot be merely by
    considering equilibrium.
    • The geometrical relations also should be used.
    Analysis of Structures
    • Basically there are two approaches in the
    analysis of structures, namely, the
    Flexibility (Force) method and the Stiffness
    (Displacement) method.
    • Depending on the problem, one approach
    could be more appropriate than the other.
    Force (Flexibility) Method
    • In the Force (Flexibility Method), Redundants
    are the unknowns of the structure.
    • In this method, first the Redundants are
    determined using geometrical relations.
    • Once all the redundants are found, the external
    support reactions and internal forces can be
    determined using equations of equilibrium.
    • The method is applicable only for statically
    indeterminate structures.
    Application of the Force method

    The following steps may be used in the


    application of the method:
    1.Find the degree of statical indeterminacy
    of the structure. Identify the redundants.
     R1 
    R 
     2
    R   
     
     Rn 
    Application of the Force method
    2. Introduce releases to make the structure
    statically determinate. The number of
    releases required is equal to the degree
    of statical indeterminacy.
    Note:
    The selection of releases is not unique and many
    combinations are possible. However as a general
    criterion, the releases (redundants to be released)
    should be so selected that the resulting structure is
    easy to analyse.
    Application of the Force method
    3. When the external loads act on the released
    structure, there will be inconsistencies in
    displacements and rotations at releases.
    These are called “errors” in the released
    structure.
    Determine these “errors” or displacements and
    rotations at the releases due to external loads.
    D1 
     
    D  D2 
    D 
     3
    Once the “errors” are identified, we have to
    correct them to get the original structure.
    Sign-convention
    There is no restriction in the selection of a sign
    convention for the redundants and the
    corresponding displacements.
    However, the following is recommended:
    • Bending moments and corresponding rotations
    – Hogging +ve
    • End moments and corresponding rotations
    – Clockwise +ve
    • Reactions and corresponding displacements
    – Upward and left to right +ve
    Application of the Force method
    4. In order to find the redundants present at the
    releases, which will eleminate the “errors” of the
    releases, find correcting displacements/rotations
    at releases due to unit values of redundants
    separately.
    These displacements/rotations are called
    flexibility coefficients.
     f11 f12 f1n 
    F    f 21 f 22 f 2 n 
     f 31 f 32 f nn 
    Application of the Force method
    5. Find the redundant forces using the
    principle of superposition, with the
    condition that the errors at each of the
    releases should vanish.
    This will lead to a set of simultaneous
    equations in which the unknowns are the
    redundants.
    The solution of the set of simultaneous
    equations will give the unknown
    redundants.
    Application of the Force method
    Application of the Force method
    {R} is the column matrix of Redundants,
    with dimensions (n x 1).
    {D} is the column matrix of Displacements,
    (“errors”) due to loadings, computed in
    step-3 with dimensions (n x 1).
    • Solving the matrix equation, the unknown
    matrix {R} can be obtained.
    Application of the Force method
    • Once the redundant forces and moments
    are known, the internal forces (bending
    moment and shear force etc. at any point
    in the structure) and the external forces
    (reactions) can be obtained by equations
    of equilibrium.
    Example
    • 1
    Solution
    • 1
    Solution

    Possible
    • 1
    released
    structures
    Solution

    • 1
    Solution

    • 1
    • 1
    Solution
    Solution

    • 1
    Solution
    • 1
    Solution
    • 1
    Solution

    • 1
    Solution
    • 1
    Solution
    • 1
    Solution
    • 1
    Solution
    • 1
    Solution
    • 1
    Solution
    • 1
    Solution

    • 1
    Solution
    Example
    Solution m=2;n=3;r=0;s=6
    i=3(m-n)-r+s=3
    Solution - Determination of column
    matrix of displacements (‘errors’)
    Solution - Determination of flexibility
    coefficients
    Solution - Determination of flexibility
    coefficients
    Solution - Determination of flexibility
    matrix and inverse flexibility matrix
    Solution - Determination of
    Redundants using matrix equation
    Bending Moment Diagram
    Example
    Solution – Degree of statical
    indeterminacy
    Solution - Determination of column
    matrix of displacements (‘errors’)
    Solution - Determination of
    flexibility coefficients
    Solution - Determination of
    Redundants using matrix equation

    You might also like