Pharmacologic class: loop

Furosemide diuretic
Therapeutic class: diuretic,
antihypertensive

ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE PATIENT

ON REACTION TEACHING
Chemical Acute .Contraindicated in CNS: fever, .Advise
effect: pulmonary patients vertigo, patient to
Inhibits edema, hypersensitive to headache, stand slowly
sodium and Edema, drug or any of its dizziness, to prevent
chloride Heart failure components and in paresthesia, dizziness, not
reabsorptio and chronic those with anuria. restlessness, to drink
n at renal .Use cautiously in weakness alcohol and to
proximal impairment, patients with CV: orthostatic minimize
and distal Hypertension hepatic cirrhosis. hypotension, strenuous
tubules and , Patients with thrombophlebitis exercise in
ascending Hypercalcem allergy to , volume hot weather.
loop of ia sulfonamides may depletion and .Instruct
Henle. also be allergic to dehydration patient to
Therapeut furosemide. EENT: transient report ringing
ic effect: .Lifespan: In deafness, in ears,
Promotes pregnant women, blurred or yellow severe
water and use only if benefits vision abdominal
sodium to the woman GI: pancreatitis, pain or sore
excretion. outweight potential anorexia, throat and
risks to the fetus. In abdominal fever because
breast-feeding discomfort, they may
women, don’t use diarrhea, indicate
drug. nausea, toxicity.
vomiting, .Discourage
constipation, patient from
GU: azotemia, storing
nocturia, different
polyuria, drugs in same
frequent container
urination, because this
oliguria increases risk
Hematologic: of errors. The
agranulocytosis, most popular
leukopenia, strengths of
thrombocytopen Furosemide
ia, anemia, and Digoxin
aplastic anemia are white
Hepatic: tablets of
hepatic similar size.
dysfunction .Tell patient
Metabolic: to check with
asymptomatic prescriber
hyperuricemia, before taking
 hyperglycemia, OTC
and glucose medications
intolerance, or herbal
hypochloremic remedies.
alkalosis,
hypokalemia,
fluid and
electrolyte
imbalances
including
dilutional
hyponatremia,
hypocalcemia
and
hypomagnesemi
a
Musculoskelet
al: muscle
spasm
Skin: dermatitis,
purpura,
photosensitivity
Other: gout,
transient pain at
I.M injection site

Pharmacologic class: ACE

Captopril Inhibitors
Therapeutic class:
antihypertensive, adjunct
treatment of heart failure and
diabetic nephropathy
ACTION INDICATIO CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE PATIENT
N ON REACTION TEACHING
Chemical Hypertensio .Contraindicated CNS: fever, .Instruct
effect: n, with patients dizziness, patient to drug
thought to Heart hypersensitive to fainting 1 hour before
inhibit ACE, failure, drug or other ACE CV: meals because
preventing Diabetic inhibitors. tachycardia, food decreases
conversion nephropath .Use cautiously in hypotension, drug
of y, patients with renal angina pectoris, absorption.
angiotensin Left impairment or heart failure, .Inform patient
I to ventricular serious pericarditis that light-
angiotensin dysfunction autoimmune GI: anorexia, headedness
II. Reduced after M.I. disease including dysgeusia may occur,
formation systemic lupus GU: proteinuria, especially
of erythematosus and nephritic during the first
angiotensin in patients exposed syndrome, few days of
II decreases to other drugs membranous therapy. Tell
peripheral known to affect glumerulopathy, patients to rise
arterial WBC counts or renal slowly to
resistance, immune response. impairment, minimize this
thus urinary effect and to
decreasing frequency report
aldosterone Hematologic: symptoms to
secretion. leukopenia, prescriber.
Therapeut agronulocytosis, .Tell patients
ic effect: pancytopenia, who
reduces thrombocytope experiences
sodium and nia syncope to
water Hepatic: stop taking
retention, cholestatic drug and call
lowers jaundice, prescriber
blood elevated liver immediately.
pressure enzymes .Tell patients
and helps Metabolic: to use caution
improve hyperkalemia in hot weather
renal Respiratory: and during
function cough exercise.
adversely Skin: urticaria, .Inadequate
affected by maculopopular fluid intake,
diabetes. rash, pruritis vomiting,
Other: diarrhea and
angioedema of excessive
face and limbs perspiration
can lead to
light-
headedness
and syncope.
.Advise patient
to report signs
of infection
such as fever
and sore
throat.
.Tell woman to
notify
prescriber if
she becomes
pregnant
because drug
will be
stopped.
.Tell patient to
notify
prescriber if
cough
 interferes with
sleep or
required
activities so
that drug can
be changed.

Diazepam
Pharmacologic class:
Benzodiazepine
Therapeutic class: anxiolytic,
skeletal muscle relaxant,
anticonvulsant, sedative-
hypnotic
ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE PATIENT
ON REACTION TEACHING
Chemical Anxiety, .Contraindicated to CNS: pain, .Warn patient
effect: Acute alcohol patients drowsiness, to avoid
may withdrawal, hypersensitive to lethargy, hazardous
depress Before drug or any of its hangover, activities until
CNS at endoscopic components and in ataxia, the drug’s CNS
limbic and procedures, those with angle- fainting effects are
subcortical Muscle closure glaucoma, depression, known.
levels of spasm, shock, coma, or restlessness, .Tell the
brain; Preoperative acute alcohol anterograde patient to
suppresses sedation, intoxication. amnesia, avoid using
spread of Cardioversion .Use cautiously in psychosis, alcohol during
seizure , patients with slurred therapy.
activity Adjunct in hepatic or renal speech, .Warn patient
produced seizure impairment, tremors, to take drug
by disorder, depression, or headache, only as
epileptogen Status chronic open- insomnia directed and
ig foci in epilepticus, glaucoma. CV: transient not to stop it
cortex, To control .Lifespan: in hypotension, without
thalamus acute pregnant women bradycardia, prescriber’s
and limbic repetitive especially during CV collapse approval.
system seizure the first trimester EENT: .Warn patient
Therapeuti activity in and in diplopia, about risk of
c effect: patients breastfeeding blurred vision, physical and
relieves already woman, avoid using nystagmus psychological
anxiety, taking drug. In infants GI: nausea, dependence.
muscle anticonvulsan younger than age 6 vomiting,
spasms and ts months, oral form abdominal
seizures; of drug is discomfort,
promotes contraindicated. In constipation
calmness elderly and GU:
debilitated patients, incontinence,
use cautiously and urine
give a lower dose retention
because these Respiratory:
 patients may be respiratory
more susceptible to depression
adverse CNS effects Skin: rash,
of drugs urticaria,
desquamation
Other:
physical or
psychological
dependence,
acute
withdrawal
syndrome
after sudden
discontinuatio
n in physical
dependent
people,
phlebitis at
injection site

Hydralazine hydrochloride Pharmacologic class:

peripheral vasodilator
Therapeutic class:
antihypertensive
ACTION INDICATIO CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE PATIENT
N ON REACTION TEACHING
Chemical Essential .Contraindicated to CNS: peripheral .Instruct
effect: hypertensio patients neuritis, patients to
Unknown. A n; severe hypersensitive to headache, take oral form
direct- essential drug or any of its dizziness with meals.
acting hypertensio components and in CV: orthostatic .Inform patient
vasodilator n, those with coronary hypotension, that orthostatic
that relaxes To manage artery disease or tachycardia, hypotension
arteriolar hypertensiv mitral valvular arrhythmias, can be
smooth e rheumatic heart angina minimized by
muscle. emergencie disease. pectoris, rising slowly
Therapeut s related to .Use cautiously in palpitations and not
ic effect: pregnancy, patients with GI: nausea, changing
lowers To manage suspected cardiac vomiting, positions
blood severe disease, CVA, or diarrhea, suddenly.
pressure heart failure severe renal anorexia .Tell patient
impairment and in Hematologic: not to abruptly
those taking other neutropenia, stop taking the
antihypertensives. leukopenia, drug, but to
 .Lifespan: in agranulocyto call the
pregnant women, penia prescriber if
use cautiously. In Metabolic: adverse
breastfeeding weight gain, reactions
woman and sodium occur.
children, safety and retention .Tell patients
effectiveness Skin: rash to limit sodium
haven’t Other: intake.
established. lupuslike
syndrome
especially with
high doses

Lactulose Pharmacologic class: disaccharide

Therapeutic class: laxative
ACTION INDICATIO CONTRAINDIC ADVERSE PATIENT
N ATION REACTION TEACHING
Chemical Constipatio . GI: abdominal .Advise patient to
effect: n, Contraindicated cramps, belching, dilute drug with
produces To prevent in patients on diarrhea, juice or water or to
osmotic and treat low- galactose distention, take with food to
effect in hepatic diet. flatulence, improve taste.
colon. encephalop .Use cautiously nausea, vomiting .Inform patient of
Resulting haty, in patients with adverse reactions
distension including diabetes and tell him to
promotes hepatic mellitus notify prescriber if
peristalsis precoma because drug reactions become
. and coma contains bothersome or if
Decreases in patients lactose, diarrhea occur.
blood with severe galactose and
ammonia hepatic other sugars.
build-up disease, .Lifespan: in
that To induce breastfeeding
causes bowel women, use
hepatic evacuation cautiously; it’s
encephalo in geriatric unknown if the
pathy, patients drug appears in
probably with colonic breast milk. In
as a result retention of children, use
of barium and for chronic
bacterial severe constipation is
degradati constipatio contraindicated
on which n after a . In elderly
lowers pH barium patients, use
of colon meal cautiously
contents. examinatio because they
Therape n, may be more
utic To restore susceptible to
effect: bowel hyponatremia.
Relieves movements
constipati after
on, hemorroide
decreases ctomy
blood
ammonia
concentra
tion

Ranitidine hydrochloride Pharmacologic class: H2

receptor antagonist
Therapeutic class:
antiulcerative
ACTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE PATIENT
ON REACTION TEACHING
Chemical Intractable .Contraindicated to CNS: vertigo, .Remind
effect: duodenal ulcer; patients malaise patient
Competitive pathologic hypersensitive to EENT: blurred taking drug
ly inhibits hypersecretory the drug or any of vision once daily
action of H2 conditions such its components. Hematologic: to take it
at receptor as Zollinger- .Use cautiously in reversible h.s.
sites of Ellison patients with luekopenia, .Instruct
parietal Syndrome; hepatic pancytopenia, patient to
cells, short-term dysfunction. Adjust thrombocytope take drug
decreasing therapy for dosage in patients nia with or
gastric acid patients unable with impaired renal Hepatic : without
secretion. to tolerate oral function. jaundice food.
Therapeuti forms, .Lifespan: in Other: burning .Urge
c effect: Doudenal and pregnant women, and itching at patient not
Relieves Hi gastric ulcer, use cautiously. In injection site, to smoke
discomfort. Maintenance breastfeeding anaphylaxis, cigarettes;
therapy for women, use angioedema smoking
duodenal ulcer, cautiously; it’s may
Gastroesophag unknown if the drug increase
eal reflux appears in breast gastric
disease, milk. In children, acid
Erosive safety and secretion
esophagitis, effectiveness and
To relieve haven’t been worsen
occasional established for disease.
heartburn, acid pathological
ingestion and hypersecretory
sour stomach conditions or
maintenance of
healing duodenal
ulcer. In neonates
younger than 1
month, safety and
 effectiveness has
been established.
Safety and
effectiveness have
been established in
children age 1
month to 16 years
for treatment of
gastroesophageal
reflux disease. In
the elderly, use
cautiously.

Pharmacologic class:
Phenobarbital barbiturate
Therapeutic class:
anticonvulsant, sedative-hypnotic
ACTION INDICATIO CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE PATIENT
N ON REACTION TEACHING
Chemical All forms of .Contraindicated in CNS: .Tell patients
effect: epilepsy patients drowsiness, that
unknown; except the hypersensitive to lethargy, Phenobarbital is
may absence barbiturates and in hangover available
depress seizures; those with hepatic CV: indifferent
CNS febrile dysfunction, Bradycardia, strengths and
synaptic seizures in respiratory disease hypotension sizes. Advise
transmissio children, with dyspnea or GI: nausea, him to check
n and Status obstruction, vomiting prescription and
increase epilepticus, nephritis or a Hematologic: refills closely.
seizure Sedation, history of manifest exacerbation of .Inform patient
activity Insomnia, or latent porphyria. porphyria that full effects
threshold in Preoperativ .Use cautiously in Respiratory: don’t occur for
motor e sedation debilitated patients respiratory 2 to 3 weeks
cortex. As and in patients with depression, except when
sedative, acute or chronic apnea loading dose is
may pain, depression, Skin: rash; used.
interfere suicidal tendencies, erythema .Advise patients
with history of drug multiforme, to avoid
transmissio abuse, altered Steven-Johnson hazardous
n of blood pressure, CV Syndrome, activities until
impulses disease, shock or urticaria the drug’s CNS
from uremia. Other: effects are
thalamus to .Lifespan: In angioedema, known.
brain pregnant and pain, swelling, .Warn patients
cortex. breastfeeding thrombophlebiti and parents not
Therapeut women, drug isn’t s, necrosis, to abruptly stop
ic effect: recommended. In neve injury at taking drug.
prevents the elderly, use injection site .Tell patient
and stops cautiously; drug using hormonal
seizure causes paradoxical contraceptives
activity; excitement in these to use barrier-
promotes patients. method birth
calmness control.
and sleep.

Penicillin G Sodium Pharmacologic class: natural

penicillin
Therapeutic class: rapid-
acting antibiotic
ACTION INDICATIO CONTRAINDICATI ADVERSE PATIENT
N ON REACTION TEACHING
Chemical Moderate to .Contraindicated in CNS: .Tell patient
effect: severe patients neurophaty, to report
inhibits cell systemic hypersensitive to seizures discomfort at
wall infections, the drug or other CV: I.V. site.
synthesis Bacterial penicillin. thrombophlebiti .Warn
during endocarditis .Use cautiously in s patient that
microorganis , patients with other Hematologic: I.M. injection
m Anthrax, drug allergies, hemolytic may be
multiplicatio Neurosyphili especially anemia, painful but
n. s, cephalosporins and luekopenia, that ice
Therapeuti Necrotizong cephamycin. thrombocytopen applied to
c effect: ulcerative .Lifespan: In ia the site may
kills gingivitis pregnant women, Musculoskelet ease
susceptible use cautiously. In al: arthralgia discomfort.
bacteria. breastfeeding Other:
women, don’t use; hypersensitive
drug appears in reactions( exfoli
breast milk and ative dermatitis,
may sensitize infant urticaria,
to penicillin and anaphylaxis),
cause some overgrowth of
adverse effects nonsusceptible
organisms, vein
irritation, pain at
injection site