80

4.1 MICROPROCESSORS AND APPLICATIONS

L T P
4 - 2

RATIONALE

Microprocessors are being excessively used in the field of instrumentation and central.
The students are studying the subject are supposed to learn the architecture of a typical
microprocessor and also get general information about microprocessor based control
systems. The course in addition, will provide relevant knowledge of microprocessor
based circuits being used in industrial process applications. The subject will deal in
detail the configurations and instructional pair configuration systems and working of
various peripheral interface chips. The course will cover 8085 in detail with sufficient
exposure to the industrial applications. The course will also deal with the architecture,
instruction sets and introduction to 8086.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Instruction to microprocessor (54 hrs)

- Architecture of 8085
- Pin Diagram of 8085
- Timing Diagram
- Instruction set of 8085
- Interrupts
- Programming of 8085
- Interfacing and I/O ports
- PPI e.g. 8255 A
- Programming of 8255A
- 8155 in detail
- 8257 in detail
- Serial I/O data communication
- Introduction to 16-bit microprocessor
- Introduction to Microcomputers
- Introduction of 8086
- Block Diagram of 8086
- Microprocessors based development system

2. Microprocessor applications (6 hrs)

- Industrial application of 8257

3. Programming exercises can be performed available kits

 81

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Familiarization with 8085 kits

2. Verification of arithmetic and logic operations using the above kits (at least five
programs)
3. Development of interfacing circuits for various control applications based on 8085
4. Application of assembly language using 8057 instruction set to develop various
programs
5. Application of data movement instruction to develop relevant program

LIST OF RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8085 by RS

Gaonkar
2. Microprocessor and Applications by B Ram
3. Comprehensive Study of Microprocessor by Naresh Grover
4. Introduction to Microprocessor by Adithya P Mathur, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers,
New Delhi
5. Microprocessor by SK Goel
6. 8051 by Mcakenzie, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
 82

4.2 TRANSDUCERS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING

L T P
4 - 2
RATIONALE

After studying the course the students will be able to identify different types of sensors
and transducers and their applications in the field of instrumentation and control. The
students will be able to select appropriate transducers relating to a process and will also
get the relevant technical know how about the conditioning of a signal from a transducer
for the purpose of control. Subject teachers are advised to show the students different
types of sensors and transducers while teaching the various topics of this course. Further,
teachers may give some assignment problems related to industrial signal processing and
applications which calls for use of specific transducer and signal conditioning equipment
in specifications.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Basic concepts (2 hrs)

- Definition and classification of transducers

2. Variable Resistance Transducers Construction, working principle, selection criteria

and application of (10 hrs)

- Potentiometer, strain gauge, load cell

- Hot wire anemometer, photo resistors
- Resistire temperature transducers
- Thermistors
- Carbon Microphones
- Aceelometer advantages, disadvantage and limitation

3. Variable Inductance transducer construction, working principles, selection criteria

and application of (8 hrs)

- Electromagnetic pick up
- Induction potentiometer
- Linear variable differential transformer
- Synchronous transmitter and receivers, advantages, disadvantages and limitations

4. Variable capacitance Transducers (8 hrs)

Construction, basis principle selection criteria and application of

- Capacitance pick up
- Condenser microprocessor
- Differential capacitor pick up advantages, disadvantages and limitations
 83

5. Piezoelectric Transducers (6 hrs)

Construction, basic principle, selection criteria and application of

- Piezoelectric Transducer
- Seismic pick up
- Ultrasonic Transducer
- Advantage, disadvantages and limitations

6. Other types of transducers (8 hrs)

- Transducers based upon hall effect

- Optical transducers-photo diode, photo transistor LDR, and LED
- Digital transducer-single shaft encoder
- Techo generator
- Advantage and disadvantage and limitations

7. Principle of analog signal conditioning (10 hrs)

- Linerarization
- Various types of conversions (from V to F, from F to V, V to I converters and I
to V converters)
- Filtering and impedance matching
- Advantages, disadvantages and limitations

8. Digital signal conditioning

- A/D conversion
- D/A conversion
- Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
- Encoder/Decoder
- Sample and hold
- Data Acquisition system(DAS)

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Study of strain gauge and measurement of strain for a given sample

2. Study of piezoelectric pressure transducer
3. Study of RTD (Resistance Temperature detector)
4. Study of thermistors
5. Study of calibration of LVDT
6. Study of capactive transducer and measurement of angular displacement
7. Study of magnetic pick up
 84

8. Study and draw the characteristics of a capacitance transducer

9. Study of thermocouple
10. To study and draw the characteristics of following
- LDR
- Photo diode
- Photo transistor
- Capacitance transducers

LIST OF RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Electrical and Electronics Measurement and Instrumentation by A.K. Shawney,

Dhanpat Rai and Co., New Delhi
2. Mechanical and industrial measurement by R.K. Jain, Khanna Publishers, New
Delhi
3. Transducers by Peter Norton
4. Mechatronics by Bolton, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
 85

4.3 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS

L T P
2 - 4
RATIONALE

Computers play a very vital role in present day life, more so, in the professional life of
diploma engineers. With the extensive use of Information Technology in large number of
areas, the diploma engineers should be well conversed with these environments. In order
to enable the students use the computers effectively in problem solving, this course offers
the modern programming language like C along with exposition to various engineering
applications of computers.

Note: Instructions may be imparted in the computer centre itself which the students are
doing practice on computer.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Information Storage and Retrieval

1.1 Need for information storage and retrieval

1.2 Creating data base file

1.3 Querying database file on single and multiple keys

1.4 Ordering the data on a selected key

1.5 Programming a very simple application

2. Programming in C

2.1 Basic structure of C programs

2.2 Executing a C program

2.3 Constants, variables, and data types

2.4 Operators and expressions

2.5 Managing Input-Output operations like reading a character, writing a

character, formatted input, formatted output through print, scan, getch,
putch statements etc.

2.6 Decision making and branching using IF ..... else, switch, go to statements
 86

2.7 Decision making and looping using do-while, and for statements

2.8 Arrays - one dimensional and two dimensional

2.9 File

3. Computers Application Overview

3.1 Commercial and business data processing application

3.2 Engineering computation

3.3 CAD, CAM, CAE, CAI

4. Typical Applications:

Students will be required to make a small programme for analysis of circuits

design in Electrical Engineering components or any other area.

5. Internet

Basics, world wide web, e-mail and other applications/uses

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Creating database.

2. Querying the database.

3. Report generation.

4. Programming in dbase

5. Use of spread sheets/Matlan/Mathematica/Eureka (or any other package) for

engineering computers.

6. Use of design packages (appropriate design packages may be selected depending

upon the availability) on Estimating and Costing, Analysis of rates and other areas

7. Use of CAI packages.

8. Programming for DAS and control.

 87

9. Exercises on data acquisition.

1. Exercises on control - on/off switch, and proportional control.

11. Programming exercise on executing C program

12. Programming exercise on editing C program

13. Programming exercise on defining variables and assigning values to variables.

14. Programming exercise on arithmetic and relational operators.

15. Programming exercise on arithmetic expressions and their evaluation.

16. Programming exercise on reading a character.

17. Programming exercise on writing a character.

18. Programming exercise on formatting input using print.

19. Programming exercise on formatting output using scan.

20. Programming exercise on simple if statement.

21. Programming exercise on IF .... else statement.

22. Programming exercise on switch statement.

23. Programming exercise on go to statement.

24. Programming exercise on do-while statement.

25. Programming exercise on for statement.

26. Programming exercise on one-dimensional arrays.

27. Programming exercise on two-dimensional arrays.

28. Exercises on
- Internet use/application
- Typical application on Electrical Engineering
 88

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Programming in C by Sachaum Series, McGraw Hills

2. Programming in C by Kerning Lan and Riechie Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi

3. Programming in C by Balaguru Swamy, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi

4. Let us C – Yashwant Kanetkar, BPB Publications, New Delhi

5. Vijay Mukhi Series for C and C++

6. Programming in C by R Subburaj, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Jangpura,

New Delhi

7. Programming in C by Kris A Jansa, Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd., Daryaganj,

New Delhi

8. Programming in C by BP Mahapatra, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

9. Elements of C by MH Lewin, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi

 89

4.4 ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEM

L T P
4 - 2

RATIONALE

This course will enable students to study in detail the different types of advanced control
systems used in instrumentation and will provide understanding of basic control loops
and characteristics of various controllers. The students will appreciate the importance of
and limitations of process control and actual controlling aspects. Hence this subject.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Multiloop Control System (12 hrs)

Introduction to multiloop control system and its types, feedforward, cascade,

ratio, split range, control system. Study of different processes using above
mentioned control systems

2. Non-Linear Control System (18 hrs)

Introduction, behaviour of non-linear control system. Different types of non-

linearities, saturation, backlash, hysteris, dead zone, relay, fiction, characteristics
of non-linear control system, limit cycles, jump resonance, jump phenomenon.
Difference between linear and non-linear control system.

3. Introduction to Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics (15 hrs)

4. Computer Control System (15 hrs)

Introduction to DDC, DCS (Distributed Control System) and their applications in

industry.

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. To study DCS System

2. To study DDC System
3. Study of non-Linearity in a relay
4. Study of dead- zone non-linearity
5. To study cascade control system
6. To study ratio control system
7. To study feedforward control system
 90

8. To study split-range control system

9. Design of PID controller

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Control System by Nagrath Gopal

2. Chemical Process Control by Stephenalphadis
3. Control System by RC Shkla
 91

4.5 PRINCIPLES OF TELEMETRY

L T P
4 - 2
RATIONALE

Telemetry is an advanced application of communication engineering for instrumentation

professionals. This subject gives introduction to the basic telemetry techniques
whichforms a foundation for understanding practical methods used in this field in the
industries. Study of Digital Data communication is essential for modern means of
information transmission and reception like fax, mobile and other satellite based
communication. Communication transducer measurements may also be implemented
using the same principles which is the main objective of instrumentation engineer.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Land line telemetry

- Pneumatic system
- Floppernozzle
- Pilot relay
- Non bleed type
- Bleed types feed back
- Limitations

Electric system
- Current system
- Impulse system
- Position system or Ratio system
- Frequency system
- Voltage system

RF Communication
- Amplitude modulation
- Frequency modulation
- Phare modulation
- Pulse modulation
- Pulse code modulation

2. Transmitters

- Pneumatic Transmitter
- PDPT bellow type
- PDPT diaphragm type
- Electric transmitters
- Electronic force balance DPT
- Hydraulic transmitter
 92

3. Transmission Channels

- Wireline channels
- Radio Channels
- Multiplexing channels
- Time division multiplexing
- Frequency division multiplexing

4. Data Communication

Modulation & demodulation of signals using

- Amplitude shift keying
- Frequency shift keying
- Phase shift keying

Errors and correction in above systems

5. Instrumentation Buses

- General view of instrumentation buses

- Field programmable buses
- Interbus

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. Realization of various process logs

2. Measurement of pressure using preumatic transmitter
3. Measurement of differential pressure using PDPT
4. Realization of electric transmitter
5. Study of hydraulic transmitter
6. Study of different types of pilot relays
7. To observe AM & FM waves on CRO
8. To calculate modulation index m for AM & FM
9. To observe waveforms of PAM, PPM, PWM on CRO

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Mechanical and industrial measurements by R.K. Jain

2. Modern Control Engineering by Ogata
3. Fundamentals of Instrumentation by A.E. Fribance
 93

4.6 INSTRUMENTATION WORKSHOP

L T P
- - 6
RATIONALE

A diploma holder is required to work with his own hands. He has to calibrate different
instruments and maintain all the instruments for measurement and control in the good
working condition. One should know the details of maintaining all the instruments. Thus
the study of this subject is essential. After study of this subject the diploma holder will be
able to keep all the instruments in good working condition.

Drawing is the language of an engineer through which he can express technical ideas.
The knowledge of this subject has to be imparted to the students so that he can use it for
drawing component layouts and also use drawing efficiently in the industry.

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Calibrate the Various Temperature Indicators

Calibrate the Sec. Instrument of R.T.

Calibrate a Pressure Gauge
Calibrate a P.D.P.T
Calibrate a Electronic D.P.T.
Connect a Pneumatic Primary instrument to a Secondary Instrument with the
Help of Feural Fitting

2. Make Simple Contractor Control Circuit Using the Following:

Simply relay
T.D.R
Sequencing of Motors
Inter locking connections for Motors
Inter locking connections for various parameters.

3. Study of Calibration Tools and Instruments:

Pneumatic calibrator
Electronic calibrator
Dead Weight tester
Constant temperature bath

4. Preparation of Following Drawing Sheets:

Symbols of electrical components

Symbols of electronic components
 94

Symbols of pneumatic fittings

Symbol of process components
Symbol of control components
Colour coding of pipes and service lines and their identification

5. Study the installation and commissioning procedure of instruments and prepare

for any two loop of the following gringing

Panel drawing
Instrument location plan
Electrical wiring details

6. Process and Control Schemes of the Following Industries:

Thermal Power Plant

Furnace drought
Drum level control(two element and three element)
Turbine steam pressure control

Paper Industry
Moisture Control
Thickness control
Pulp washing control
Refinery
Distillation colour control

Sugar
P H Control
Exporter control
Crystalizer control

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Applied Instrumentation in process Industries Vol. I by Andrewes

2. Practical Process Instrumentation & Control Vol. II by Sh. Jaymal
3. Hand Book of Industrial Instrumentation by G.C. Carrol
4. Hand Book of Applied Instrumentation by D.M. Considine
5. Instrumentation Process Industires by Bela G. Liptik
 95

ENTREPRENEURIAL AWARENESS CAMP

This is to be organized at a stretch for two to three days during second year. Lectures will
be delivered on the following broad topics. There will be no examination for this subject

1. Who is an entrepreneur?

2. Need for entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial career and wage employment

3. Scenario of development of small scale industries in India

4. Entrepreneurial history in India, Indian values and entrepreneurship

5. Assistance from District Industries Centres, Commercial Banks. State Financial

Corporations, Small industries Service Institutes, Research and Development
Laboratories and other financial and development corporations

6. Considerations for product selection

7. Opportunities for business, service and industrial ventures

8. Learning from Indian experiences in entrepreneurship (Interaction with successful

entrepreneurs)

9. Legal aspects of small business

10. Managerial aspects of small business