MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS I TUTORING

9T H WEEK
PRIMITIVES - INDEFINITE INTEGRALS - INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

IMMEDIATE INTEGRALS TABLE

ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

xα+1 [f (x)]α+1
Z Z
α
x dx = + C, ∀α 6= −1 [f (x)]α f 0 (x)dx = +C
α+1 α+1

f 0 (x)
Z Z
1
dx = log |x| + C dx = log |f (x)| + C
x f (x)
Z Z
ex dx = ex + C ef (x) f 0 (x)dx = ef (x) + C

ax af (x)
Z Z
ax dx = +C af (x) f 0 (x)dx = +C
log a log a
Z Z
sin xdx = − cos x + C f 0 (x) sin f (x) = − cos f (x) + C

Z Z
cos xdx = sin x + C f 0 (x) cos f (x) = sin f (x) + C

f 0 (x)
Z Z
1
dx = tan x + C dx = tan f (x) + C
cos2 x cos2 f (x)

f 0 (x)
Z Z
1
dx = −cotanx + C dx = −cotanf (x) + C
sin2 x sin2 f (x)

f 0 (x)
Z Z
1
dx = arctan x + C dx = arctan f (x) + C
1 + x2 1 + [f (x)]2

f 0 (x)
Z Z
1
− dx = arcotanx + C − dx = arcotanf (x) + C
1 + x2 1 + [f (x)]2

f 0 (x)
Z Z
1
√ dx = arcsin x + C p dx = arcsin f (x) + C
1 − x2 1 − [f (x)]2

f 0 (x)
Z Z
1
−√ dx = arccos x + C −p dx = arccos f (x) + C
1 − x2 1 − [f (x)]2
Z Z
sinh xdx = cosh x + C f 0 (x) sinh f (x)dx = cosh f (x) + C

Z Z
cosh xdx = sinh x + C f 0 (x) cosh f (x)dx = sinh f (x) + C

2012
c Politecnico di Torino 1
By parts Integration formula
If f is differentiable and g is continuous on I, and G is a primitive of g on I, then
Z Z
∀x ∈ I f (x)g(x) dx = f (x)G(x) − f 0 (x)G(x) dx

Integrals of some trascendent functions

Z
1) R(ex ) dx, with R rational functions

It is useful the following substitution

ex = t ⇒ x = log t
The integral becomes the integral of a rational function.
Z
1
2) R (log x) dx, with R rational function
x
It is useful the following substitution
log x = t ⇒ x = et
The integral becomes the integral of a rational function.
Z
3) R(cos x, sin x) dx, with R rational function

It is useful the following substitution

x
t = tan ⇒ x = 2 arctan t
2

with the parametric formulas:

2t 1 − t2
sin x = , cos x =
1 + t2 1 + t2
The integral becomes the integral of a rational function.
Z Z
4) R(sin x) cos x dx or R(cos x) sin x dx, with R rational function

It is useful the following substitution

sin x = t or, in the second case, cos x = t

Z
5) R(tan x) dx, with R rational function

It is useful the following substitution

t = tan x ⇒ x = arctan x

Integrals of some irrational functions

Z
R(xr1 /s1 , . . . , xrk /sk ) dx, with R rational function
It is useful the following substitution
x = tn
with n least common multiple of s1 , . . . , sk .

2012
c Politecnico di Torino 2
 PROPOSED EXERCISES
1. Find the generic primitive of the following functions, and indicate an interval where it can be found:

x 3 − cos x
a) f (x) = b) f (x) = e−x − e−4x c)f (x) =
x2 + 9 3x − sin x
2. Find the primitive such that in x0 it takes value y0 :
1 4
a) f (x) = (x0 = 0, y0 = 2); b) f (x) = log3 x (x0 = e, y0 = 0); c) f (x) = sin xecos x (x0 = 2π, y0 = 0)
x2 + 9 x

3. Prove that the functions F (x) = sin2 x + 7 and G(x) = − 21 cos(2x) − 11 are two primitives of the same
function f (x) on R; find f (x) and say which is the constant F (x) − G(x).
4. Consider the function p
f (x) = 4 − x2
x
√ x
2
Prove that the function F (x) = 2 4 − x + 2 arcsin 2 is a primitive of f (x) on the interval (−2, 2).
√
Prove that the function G(x) = x2 4 − x2 + 2 arcsin x2 − π
3 is a primitive of f (x) on the interval (−2, 2)
√
passing through the point P= (1, 23 ).

5. Compute the integrals:

1 √
Z  
3
3x4 + + x2 dx 4x3 (1 + 2x4 )4 dx
R
a) b)
x
Z Z
dx 3
c) d) x2 ex dx
x log3 x
x3 x3 + x + 1
Z Z
e) dx f) dx
1 + x8 x2 + 1
Z Z
sin x
g) cos3 xdx h) dx
cos x − 4
x2
Z Z
1
i) dx j) dx
(x3 + 5)4 x(1 + log2 x)
Z Z
1 cos x
k) 4 dx l) p dx
tan x cos2 x 3 − sin2 x
Z Z
1
m) (2x + 3)3 dx n) dx
2−x
Z √ √
x2
Z
x+ 3x
o) √ dx p) √ dx
x3 + 2 4
x
Z 2+√x
e2x
Z
e
q) dx r) √ dx
3 + e2x x
ex
Z Z
x
s) √ dx t) √ x dx
x2 + a2 2e + 1

ex
Z Z
cos x
u) dx v) dx
4 + e2x
p
3 − sin2 x
Z Z p
cos log x 4
w) dx z) (x − 2)3 dx
x

2012
c Politecnico di Torino 3
 6. Compute the integrals by parts:
√
Z Z
a) x log x dx b) e2x sin(3x) dx

Z Z
c) arcsin x dx d) log2 x dx

Z Z
e) (x + 2)ex dx f) arctan x dx

Z Z
g) x arctan xdx h) log(1 + x2 )dx

7. Compute the following integrals of rational functions

Z Z
x x
a) 2
dx b) dx
x + 4x + 3 (x2 + 1)(x − 1)
Z Z
x+2 x
c) 2
dx d) dx
x − 4x + 5 (x − 1)2
3x2 − x x2 − 2x − 1
Z Z
e) dx f) dx
(x + 1)2 (x + 2) x2 − 4x + 4
x4 − 3x2 − 1
Z Z
1
g) dx h) dx
x3 − 1 x2 (x2 + 1)
Z Z
1 1
i) dx j) dx
(1 − x2 )2 x4 − 1

8. Compute by substitution the following integrals of trascendent and irrational functions:

Z √ Z
1+x+ x 1
a) √ dx b) √ √ dx
1+x x x+ 3x
Z Z
sin x 1
c) dx d) dx
1 + cos x + sin2 x 1 − sin x + cos x

tan2 x + 1
Z Z
1
e) dx f) 2 dx
tan x + 1 x(log x − 1)

ln3 x + 2
Z Z
sinh x + 1
g) dx h) dx
x(log2 x + 1) cosh x − 1
Z Z
sin 2x 2x + 5
i) dx j) √ dx
6 sin x − cos 2x + 5 x+ x−3

2012
c Politecnico di Torino 4