VoLTE or VoIP over LTE –

Who Is the Ultimate Winner?

IEEE Santa Clara Valley Consumer Electronics Society
Saraj Mudigonda
26th March, 2013
www.imgtec.com
© Imagination Technologies p1
Outline

 VoIP Applications

 Market Opportunity

 Requirements of V.VoIP Applications

 VoLTE vs VoIP over LTE

 Operators Super-App

 Roadmap

Q&A
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 Background
Pre-2007 Post-2007

PC
Modem

IP Phone
Mobile

 Limited tools for developers

 Limited processing power on the mobile
devices  Abundant Tools/APIs available for developers
 Dedicated CPU for the real-time applications  Multiple CPUs with GHz processing power
 Embedded- centric applications  Multiple OTT applications
 Multiple challenges
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VoIP OTT Apps

At least couple of hundred

VoIP/Video/Messaging apps on Android
and iOS Store available for free!!!
But, at what cost?

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Options for Mobile Applications

• Best-effort services offered by 3rd party (non-operator)

Over-the-top (OTT)
• Can be downloaded from the Apple Store/Google
applications Play/Amazon

• Runs directly from the Web browser

Web-based applications • Cloud-based services running thin applications on the
device platform

• Bundled with the platform

Pre-loaded Applications • Cannot be deleted or disabled
• Camera, maps, mail, calendar applications

• Deeply integrated applications

Embedded Applications • Part of the Native Dialer
• VoLTE falls in this category
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Market Opportunity
Need for single integrated clients to address multi- platform challenge

3G

VoLTE/ VoWiFi VCC

Messaging VoIP on LTE Seamless HO

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Embedded vs OTT Approach
Integrated UI & Business Logic

Gaming Social Location &

Applications Networking Other
Integration Applications Applications

…… OTT
Approach
Optimized Real-Time Software – SDK APIs

Embedded Protocol Stacks Media Engine

Audio Abstraction
OS Abstraction

Approach
RCS Stack NB/WB Voice/Video
VolTE Stack Codecs
Real-Time SIP Stack AJB
IMS Stack PLC
SW RTP/RTCP VAD/CNG
SDP AEC/NC

Multi-Platform Support

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Requirements of Real-Time V.VoIP Applications
 Guaranteed QoS
 Low latency
 Low-power consumption
 Bandwidth optimization
 Network integration
 Standards support
 Integrated native application
 Multi-platform support
 Interoperability
 Customer satisfaction

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 Guaranteed QoS
Voice + Video Packets/ Data
Packets/ Steaming/Web Browsing Wireless Poor Voice +
1 3 2 5 6
Channel Video Quality
1 2 3 4 5 6
(LTE/WiFi)
Congestion of Packets,
Packet losses, Out of
OTT – VoIP Single Pipe for both Data
sequence packets

over LTE and Real-time Voice

Wireless
Channel
(IMS APN)

Voice + Video Packets

Dedicated Bearer for Voice + Video Superior Voice
+ Video Quality
Wireless
Data Packets/ Steaming/Web Browsing Channel Data Packets
(Internet APN)
VoLTE

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Low Latency
TX Processing Delay Propagation + Queuing Delay RX Processing Delay

Network Network
Interface Interface
Delay Delay

Algorithmic User Space

Delay – Android
Algorithmic
Encode/AEC Flinger OTT Delay –
AJB/Decode
ALSA
Driver

Audio Low-Level VoLTE

Capture Audio Audio
Driver
Delay Render
Kernel Space delay

OTT end-end latency is ~3x more than embedded VoLTE

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Integrated Native Application

Native Dialer for OTT Client for VoWiFi/ Integrated Single Native Dialer for
CS Calls VoIP Over LTE Calls VoLTE/VoWiFi & CS Calls
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Interoperability
Ecosystem collaboration is key

Chipset/ OEM/
Handset Product Mobile Operator
Manufacturers Requirements,
Value-added
Features
APIs
Audio I/F, Integration,
Network I/F, Porting, Testing Customization,
Native Dialer on Handset Field Trials, Support
Tool Chain for Deployment, OTA
Updates for future
software releases

VoLTE/RCS Infrastructure
Client Provider Vendors

Interoperability Testing
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Low Power Consumption & Bandwidth Optimization

 Integration with hardware accelerators such as Video

 Hand-coding assembly for CPU intensive algorithms (media engine) as the power
consumption increases for every MHz used
 Discontinuous Reception (DRX) in connected mode – stopping the transmission
during silence packets and aggregation of packets
 Semi-persistent Scheduling (SPS) – assignment of predefined chunk of radio
resources for VoIP users with interval of 20ms so that UE is not required to request
resources each TTI (Transmission Time Interval)
 RoHC (Robust Header Compression) - For VoIP packets, the size of headers
(IP/UDP/RTP) is usually larger than the data itself. For IPv4, UDP and RTP, the
amount of overhead due to headers is 40 bytes while RoHC can compress this to 2
or 3 bytes

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Network Integration

Enterprise WiFi Circuit-Switched VoLTE Consumer WiFi

VCC SRVCC IP2IP

Preferred Network Policies –

 Handover to legacy 2G/3G networks with SRVCC 1. WiFi
 Handover to WiFi with IP2IP and ANDSF (Access 2. VoLTE
Network Discovery and Selection Function) 3. CS

 WiFi complements cellular technologies for improved

experience indoors

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Standards Support

 GSMA PRD IR.92 – IMS Profile for Voice and SMS

 GSMA PRD IR.94 – IMS Profile for Conversational Video Service

 Rich Communication Suite 5.1 Advanced Communications Services and Client

Specification

 3GPP Release 8/9/10/11

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VoLTE vs Circuit-Switched
 Supports all circuit-switched features
 Voice calling
 Call Supplementary Features – Call waiting, transfer, forwarding…
 E911 Emergency Calling
 SMS
 Supports improved features
 HD Voice (AMR-WB) and HD Video
 Call setup time is less than 0.25 to 2.5 seconds, two to 20 times shorter than 3G voice calls
that require an average of five seconds to connect a call
 Voice quality is 40 percent better than over 3G due to using a wider bandwidth (50–7000 Hz
instead of 300–2400 Hz)

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 VoLTE Integration
IR.92 Compliant Embedded Client
 DIM (Device Interface Module) integrates with the
LTE platform’s low-level audio drivers to deliver low-
Access latency
 QoS module supports GBR (Guaranteed Bit-
Rate) by integrating with LTE access API to
QOS trigger resource allocation for VoIP call to deliver
IMS Auth

USIM/ISIM

OAM
VoLTE/ OMA-DM superior voice quality
APN VoWiFi  IMS Auth interfaces with USIM/ISIM to access
DIM the credentials for IMS authentication
 OAM module integrates with OMA - DM/CP client
on the device for configuration management.
Audio  Integrates with native dialer to provide one
Interface integrated dialer for Circuit-switched and Packet-
Switched Voice (VoLTE), Video calls, SMS/MMS,
Integration with platform low-level APIs to & VCC
deliver a seamless user experience
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Multi-Vendor Infrastructure
Multiple Handset Multiple Chipset
Manufacturers Manufacturers

Mobile
Multi-chip
Operator Apps Proc +
OEM#1 LTE Modem +
Native Dialer, WiFi
LTE Modem
Integration,
Porting and Single-chip
Apps Proc +
VoLTE/RCS Testing OEM#2 LTE Modem +
Vendor WiFi

IOT/IODT
Multi-Vendor Infrastructure

Single-chip
Apps Proc +
OEM#n LTE Modem +
WiFi

IMS Core TAS SBC Provisioning Media

Server Gateway

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VoLTE Deployment Stages

Full Circuit Switched (CS) Interim CS/VoLTE Full VoLTE

LTE Data + LTE

CS Voice + CS Voice/Data VoLTE +
2G/3G Data Voice/Data + CS LTE Data
Voice/Data

CSFB VoLTE

SVLTE SRVCC

Higher Call Set-up Delay Expensive Interim Solution

& Power Consumption
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VoLTE Deployments

VoLTE
Launched
in August
2012

More and more number of LTE

and VoLTE-enabled handsets are
shipping and some of the major
mobile operators are doing VoLTE
trials gearing up to launch VoLTE
later this year

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 VoLTE Performance

Voice Quality during Drive Testing Voice Quality for

4.0 VoLTE vs. Circuit Switched
3.5 4.5
3.0 4.0
PESQ ( MOS ) Score

Handset #1 3.5

PESQ (MOS) Score

2.5
3.0
2.0 Handset #2 2.5
VoLTE Handset
1.5 2.0
Circuit Switched Handset
Handset #3 (not 1.5
1.0
Imagination solution) 1.0
0.5 0.5
0.0 0.0
DL Avg DL MAX UL Avg UL MAX DL Avg DL MAX UL Avg UL MAX

Large difference in performance observed VoLTE voice quality significantly exceeds

between VoLTE solutions that of circuit switched

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Rich Communication Suite
RCSe RCS 5.0/5.1

Operators response to real-time VoIP/Video/Messaging OTT Apps

Source: GSMA
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VoIP OTT Apps vs joyn in Android

Joyn addresses much more

subscriber base than the OTT users

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RCS Deployments

Spain Korea Germany USA

More and more operators across the

World’s first interoperable world are joining the Joyn bandwagon
country-wide network

Source: GSMA
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Roadmap
VoLTE + Video over LTE + RCS

VoLTE Deployed -
IR.92 Embedded
Native App
VoLTE +
Video over
Video over LTE Integrated
LTE Trials Super-App
IR.94 Ongoing RCS + VoLTE +
Video over LTE

Embedded
RCSe/ RCS RCS
Deployed –
5.0/5.1 RCSe OTT

CURRENT GOAL
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APIs for integration of applications
Social Networking Gaming Engines
3rd Party
Applications

RCS Application Interface

Applications Real-Time
Audio/Video

© Imagination Technologies p26

Operators Super-App

Single Integrated Dialer

SIP Magic Box

HD Voice “one click to any mode of IMS
HD Video communication” IM
Presence

RCS SMS
VoLTE MMS
SRVCC

Seamless Rich Comms Experience

© Imagination Technologies p27

VoLTE Is the Ultimate Winner!!
Requirements VoLTE Compliance OTT VoIP Compliance
Guaranteed QoS YES NO
Low Latency YES NO
Low-power consumption YES NO
Bandwidth Optimization YES NO
Network integration YES NO
Standards support YES NO
Integrated native application YES NO

Multi-platform support YES NO

Interoperability YES NO
Customer Satisfaction YES NO
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 Thanks!!
IEEE Santa Clara Valley Consumer Electronics Society
Saraj Mudigonda
26th March, 2013
www.imgtec.com
© Imagination Technologies p29