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Elementwise Operations: Basic Operations With Scalars

This document summarizes basic operations in NumPy like elementwise operations, comparisons, logical operations, reductions, broadcasting, and shape manipulation. It shows how to perform elementwise arithmetic, comparisons, logical operations on arrays. It also demonstrates summing arrays along axes, computing mins, maxes, broadcasting arithmetic across arrays of different shapes, and adding/removing axes to manipulate shapes.

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Varun Akuthota
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57 views

Elementwise Operations: Basic Operations With Scalars

This document summarizes basic operations in NumPy like elementwise operations, comparisons, logical operations, reductions, broadcasting, and shape manipulation. It shows how to perform elementwise arithmetic, comparisons, logical operations on arrays. It also demonstrates summing arrays along axes, computing mins, maxes, broadcasting arithmetic across arrays of different shapes, and adding/removing axes to manipulate shapes.

Uploaded by

Varun Akuthota
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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import numpy as np #importing library

Elementwise Operations
Basic Operations
with scalars

 a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]) #create an array


 a + 1 # add 1 to array elements
o/p: array([2, 3, 4, 5])

 a ** 2 # ** means making square of array list

o/p: array([ 1, 4, 9, 16])

All arithmetic operates elementwise

 b = np.ones(4) + 1 #ones(4) means (1,1,1,1) will be created + 1=(2,2,2,2)


 a–b
 (1,2,3,4)-(2,2,2,2)
o/p: array([-1., 0., 1., 2.])

 a*b
array([ 2., 4., 6., 8.])

# Matrix multiplication
 c = np.diag([1, 2, 3, 4])
 print(c * c)
 print("*****************")
 print(c.dot(c))
 [[ 1 0 0 0]
 [ 0 4 0 0]
 [ 0 0 9 0]
 [ 0 0 0 16]]
 *****************
 [[ 1 0 0 0]
 [ 0 4 0 0]
 [ 0 0 9 0]
 [ 0 0 0 16]]
Comparisions

 a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
 b = np.array([5, 2, 2, 4])
 a == b
array([False, True, False, True], dtype=bool)

 a > b

array([False, False, True, False], dtype=bool)

#array-wise comparisions
 a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
 b = np.array([5, 2, 2, 4])
 c = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
 np.array_equal(a, b)
False

 np.array_equal(a, c)
True

Logical Operations

 a = np.array([1, 1, 0, 0], dtype=bool)


 b = np.array([1, 0, 1, 0], dtype=bool)
 np.logical_or(a, b)
array([ True, True, True, False], dtype=bool)

 np.logical_and(a, b)
array([ True, False, False, False], dtype=bool)

Transcendental functions:

 a = np.arange(5)
 np.sin(a)
array([ 0. , 0.84147098, 0.90929743, 0.14112001, -0.7568025 ])
Shape Mismatch

 a = np.arange(4) # [0,1,2,3]

 a + np.array([1, 2]) # adding 1x2 to 1x4 is not possible

error was occur as could not be broadcast together with shapes (4,) (2,)

Basic Reductions
computing sums

 x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
 np.sum(x)
 o/p: 10

sum by rows and by columns

 x = np.array([[1, 1], [2, 2]])


 x
o/p: array([[1, 1], Commented [va1]:
Axis=0
[2, 2]]) Commented [va2R1]:

 x.sum(axis=0) #columns first dimension [1,1]


[2,2]
o/p: array([3, 3])

 x.sum(axis=1) #rows (second dimension) [1,1]=2


Axis=1 [2,2] =4

o/p: array([2, 4])

Other reductions

> x = np.array([1, 3, 2])


> x.min()
o/p: 1
 x.max()
o/p: 3
 x.argmin() # index of minimum element
o/p: 0
 x.argmax() # index of maximum element
o/p: 1
Logical Operations

 np.all([True, True, False]) # np.all is like ‘and’ operation


o/p: False
 np.any([True, False, False]) # np.any is like ‘or’ operation
o/p: True

#Note: any can be used for array comparisions


 a = np.zeros((50, 50))
 np.any(a != 0)
o/p: False

 np.all(a == a)
o/p: True

 a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 2])
 b = np.array([2, 2, 3, 2])
 c = np.array([6, 4, 4, 5])
 ((a <= b) & (b <= c)).all()
o/p: True

Broadcasting
 a = np.tile(np.arange(0, 40, 10), (3,1))
 print(a)
 print("*************")
 a=a.T
 print(a)
o/p: [[ 0 10 20 30]
[ 0 10 20 30]
[ 0 10 20 30]]
*************
[[ 0 0 0]
[10 10 10]
[20 20 20]
[30 30 30]]

 b = np.array([0, 1, 2])
 b
o/p: array([0, 1, 2])
a=[[ 0 0 0]
[10 10 10]
[20 20 20]
[30 30 30]]

b= ([ 0, 1, 2])
 a+b
o/p: array ([[ 0, 1, 2],
[10, 11, 12],
[20, 21, 22],
[30, 31, 32]])

 a = np.arange(0, 40, 10)


 a.shape
o/p: (4,) # it’s a 1D matrix

to convert into 2D matrix


 a = a[:, np.newaxis] # adds a new axis -> 2D array
 a.shape
o/p: (4, 1)

 a
o/p: array([[ 0],
[10],
[20],
[30]])

> a + b
o/p: array([[ 0, 1, 2],
[10, 11, 12],
[20, 21, 22],
[30, 31, 32]])

 a[0, 2, 1]
o/p: 5

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