The document provides definitions and explanations related to Laplace transforms. It begins by defining a piecewise continuous function as a function with a finite number of breaks that does not blow up to infinity. It then provides the definition of the Laplace transform of a piecewise continuous function f(t) as the integral of f(t)e^-st from 0 to infinity. Some key properties of the Laplace transform are then outlined, including linearity, time shifting, time scaling, conjugation, convolution, and differentiation/integration in both the time and s-domains. Pole-zero cancellation is noted to potentially expand the region of convergence.
The document provides definitions and explanations related to Laplace transforms. It begins by defining a piecewise continuous function as a function with a finite number of breaks that does not blow up to infinity. It then provides the definition of the Laplace transform of a piecewise continuous function f(t) as the integral of f(t)e^-st from 0 to infinity. Some key properties of the Laplace transform are then outlined, including linearity, time shifting, time scaling, conjugation, convolution, and differentiation/integration in both the time and s-domains. Pole-zero cancellation is noted to potentially expand the region of convergence.
The document provides definitions and explanations related to Laplace transforms. It begins by defining a piecewise continuous function as a function with a finite number of breaks that does not blow up to infinity. It then provides the definition of the Laplace transform of a piecewise continuous function f(t) as the integral of f(t)e^-st from 0 to infinity. Some key properties of the Laplace transform are then outlined, including linearity, time shifting, time scaling, conjugation, convolution, and differentiation/integration in both the time and s-domains. Pole-zero cancellation is noted to potentially expand the region of convergence.
The document provides definitions and explanations related to Laplace transforms. It begins by defining a piecewise continuous function as a function with a finite number of breaks that does not blow up to infinity. It then provides the definition of the Laplace transform of a piecewise continuous function f(t) as the integral of f(t)e^-st from 0 to infinity. Some key properties of the Laplace transform are then outlined, including linearity, time shifting, time scaling, conjugation, convolution, and differentiation/integration in both the time and s-domains. Pole-zero cancellation is noted to potentially expand the region of convergence.
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Mark Joseph Aquino
PETE-3205 Laplace Transform You know, it’s always a little scary when we devote a whole section just to the definition of something. Laplace transforms (or just transforms) can seem scary when we first start looking at them. However, as we will see, they aren’t as bad as they may appear at first.
Before we start with the definition of the Laplace transform we need to get another definition out of the way.
A function is called piecewise continuous on an interval if the interval can be broken into a finite number of subintervals on which the function is continuous on each open subinterval (i.e. the subinterval without its endpoints) and has a finite limit at the endpoints of each subinterval. Below is a sketch of a piecewise continuous function.
In other words, a piecewise continuous function is a function that has a finite number of breaks in it and doesn’t blow up to infinity anywhere.
Now, let’s take a look at the definition of the Laplace transform.
Definition Suppose that f(t) is a piecewise continuous function. The Laplace transform of f(t) is
denoted and defined as
(1) There is an alternate notation for Laplace transforms. For the sake of convenience we will often denote Laplace transforms as,
With this alternate notation, note that the transform is really a function of a new variable, s, and that all the t’s will drop out in the integration process.
Now, the integral in the definition of the transform is called an improper integral and it would probably be best to recall how these kinds of integrals work before we actually jump into computing some transforms.
Properties of Laplace Transform
The Laplace transform has a set of properties in parallel with that of the Fourier transform. The difference is that we need to pay special attention to the ROCs. In the following, we always assume
Linearity
( means set contains or equals to set , i.e,. is a subset of , or is
a superset of .)
It is obvious that the ROC of the linear combination of and should be the
intersection of the their individual ROCs in which
both and exist. But also note that in some cases when zero-pole
cancellation occurs, the ROC of the linear combination could be larger than , as shown in the example below. Example: Let
then We see that the ROC of the combination is larger than the intersection of the ROCs of the two individual terms. Time Shifting
Shifting in s-Domain
Note that the ROC is shifted by , i.e., it is shifted vertically by (with no
effect to ROC) and horizontally by .
Time Scaling
Note that the ROC is horizontally scaled by , which could be either positive (
) or negative ( ) in which case both the signal and the ROC of its Laplace transform are horizontally flipped.
Conjugation
Proof:
Convolution Note that the ROC of the convolution could be larger than the intersection
of and , due to the possible pole-zero cancellation caused by the convolution,
similar to the linearity property. Example Assume
then
Differentiation in Time Domain
This can be proven by differentiating the inverse Laplace transform:
In general, we have
Again, multiplying by may cause pole-zero cancellation and therefore the
resulting ROC may be larger than .
Example: Given
we have:
Differentiation in s-Domain
This can be proven by differentiating the Laplace transform:
Repeat this process we get
Integration in Time Domain
This can be proven by realizing that
and therefore by convolution property we have
Also note that as the ROC of is the right half plane , the
ROC of is the intersection of the two individual ROCs ,
except if pole-zero cancellation occurs (when with ) in
