Kas1 Readings Notes

Javier, Kyla Carmea L.
Kas 1 THX2
Deped textbook riddled with 431 factual errors
- Asia: Noon, Ngayon, at sa Hinaharap
- Author: Dr. Teofista Vivar, Evelina Viloria, Ruth Fuentes, Remedios Quiray
- Vibal Publishing and SD Publications
- Antonio Calipio Go, academic supervisor of Marian School, Novaliches, Quezon City
last 7 years on a crusade
- Sun Yat Sen founded the Communist Party of China
- Chinese were fond of opium
- Muslim prophet Mohammad went into meditation after marrying a rich wife Khadija
- Warlords were people who owned land
- Many mosques were designed by Christian architects
- Jews are segregated because of traditions like killing Germans
- India’s untouchables cannot be touched
- Sitar strings are made of teakwood
- Great Wall of China is 170 miles long
- Wrong grammar
- Umbrella organization – nagpapayungang samahan
- Socorro Pilar, director of Instructional Materials Council Secretariat – did not find
anything erroneous
- Usec Juan Miguel Luz- malicious intent
- Sec Florencio Abad – weak basis
- 82 page critic
Kasaysayan, Historya at “Bagong Kasaysayan”
Ugat ng Kasaysayan at Kultura
- Kasaysayan – kahulugan o saysay – makabuluhang pangyayari
- Pagsasakasaysayan – alamat, epiko, kuwentong bayan na ginagamit sa mga ritwal
o Alamat ni Lam-ang – Ilokano
o Alamat ni Manuvu
o Ibalon – Bicol
o Darangan at Parang Sabil – Moro
o Nawalang alamat ni Bathala at Laon – Tagalog at Bisaya
o Tarsila – genealogy – ipakita ang relasyon sa angkan ng propetang Mohammad
- Historya – Kastila – pagbibigay katwiran sa gawaing opisyal ng relihiyoso at sibil
- Nakaraan at makatotohanan – kabaliktaran ng historya sa Europa – gawa-gawa lamang
(istorya)
- 19 dantaon umunlad ang pag-aaral ng historya bilang isang disiplina – mga positibista –
gawing aghan ang pangkasaysayang paglalarawan (Alemanya)
- Paghihiwalay ng datos at interpretasyon
Sa Daigdig ng Agham
- Dalawang uri ng pag-aaral ng kasaysayan: 1. Sining o literatura 2. Agham at agham
panlipunan
- Layunin ng agham na tuklasin ang ugnayan ng nakikitang katotohanan (surface
reality) at ng panloob na istruktura (underlying structures)
- Agham - Panukat/instrument
- Agham-panlipuan
o sikolohiya – paghahanap ng natatagong istruktura – mapaliwanag ang ugali ng tao
o kasaysayan – pagsusuri sa panloob na relasyon ng mga pwersa sa lipunan, pag-
ugnayin ang katotohanan at panloob na dahilan sa pagsusuri ng ugat sa nakaraan
o kontekstwalisasyon – paglalagay ng kaganapan sa isang panahon
Pamamaraan ng Kasaysayan bilang Agham-Panlipunan

- E.H. Carr – pag-ugnaying ang katotohanan at interpretasyon – tinitipon ang katotohanan
ayon sa tinutungo ng intepretasyon ngunit nababago at iniaayon sa pagkatuklas ng
makabagong katotohanan.
- Talambuhay, kasaysayang local, kasaysayang nasyonal
- Interpretasyon ng pag-unlad ng tao sa daigdig
- Nagkakaroon ng sariling pagtataya – iwasan at gumamit ng mas malawak na perspektibo
- Paglalarawan ng kasaysayan – pag-unlad ng tao – 2 baitang
o Homonisasyon – paglikha ng tao sa kanyang sarili
o Humanisasyon – pagpapakatao – kaugaliang panlipunan (social tradition), kultura
at sibilisasyon
 Inaaping uri – higit na papel sa paglikha ng kasaysayan
 Naghaharing uri – hindi babaguhin ang status quo
- Kahirapan ng pangkabuuang paglalarawan ng kasaysayan – pangangailangan ng tamang
datos at kahusayan sa pagsulat
Konsepto ng Pagbabalangkas
- Heograpiya – tanghalang ginagalawan ng kasaysayan
- Istrukturang kaganapan – elementong hindi tumitinag, mainam suriin kung ang lipunan
ay matatag at tahimik
- Ugnayang pangyayari (conjecture)
- Pangyayari (event)
Epekto ng Pananaw
- Pananaw – anggulo ng distansiya ng pagtingin sa isang bagay
- Pagpili sa higit na makatwiran na pananaw
- Isang PILIPINONG pananaw
- Pangkaming pananaw – audience ay ibang bansa
- Pantayong pananaw
Pagsasapanahon
- Ang heograpiya ay isang nagbabagong phenomenon
- Ang mga istruktura ay may iba’t-ibang direksiyon ng pag-unlad
- Iniaalalayan ng pagsasapanahong ito ang magkakasabay na karanasan ng tao
- Pagiging makabayan
The Legacy of the Propaganda – The Tripartite View of the Philippine History
- Pre-colonial – recurrence, cycles
- Spanish friars – linearity
Pre-Colonial Colonial Post-Colonial
Author
del Pilar Filipinas had inferior Encomenderos first Friars must go. Revolution has
civilization. Blood charged with advantage of being surgical. But
compact made in order civilizing mission. liberal reform better. Integration
for “mother” Spain to Then friars, who of
civilize and christianize establish frailo-cracia autonomous Filipinaswith Spain.
“daughter” Filipinas. and hamper progress,
which is inevitable
(Suez Canal).
Lopez- Ambivalent view. One Filipino capacity for Elimination of friar rule. At first
Jaena moment, Filipinasthough progress impeded by assimilationist, Jaena later
t to be in “primitive “monastic favored Revolution, freedom
state.” Then as supremacy.” Progress won “with the blood
having “a due to Filipinos alone of Filipinas.”
civilization, a degree of and external forces.
enlightenment.”
Rizal Filipinas had a Decay and retro- Release of creative forces of the
civilization of her own gression under race with attainment of
and was progressing, Spanish rule. Civic freedom. Probably through
armed with her own virtues lost. Vices Revolution. Tactically, through
capacities and virtues. taken over. Social reforms.
cancer in late
19thcentury.
Towards a People’s History

- History books are flawed with bias
- Spanish History has an effect on Filipinos
- Heroes are the only ones recognized (myth: history is the work of heroes and great men)
- Focused on present -> neglect the past, therefore becomes unchallenged
- Correcting historical mistakes were not pursued due to colonial education
- Getting immersed in specifics -> forget the bigger picture
- Focus on the collective rather than the individual
- “An individual has no history apart from society, and society is the historical product of
people in struggle.”
- Motivators of history -> masses of human beings
- History consists of people’s efforts to attain a better life
- History is a guide for greater freedom and better society
- Masses are taken for granted -> not recognized
- Masses are inarticulate (slaves, low-born) -> the articulate write history and make it about
them
- People make or unmake heroes
- General and specific work together to comprehend history
- We need to be decolonized (intellectual decolonization) to correct history
- Limitations – very exhaustive, time consuming
- Concerned with the side of the masses
- History is perceived as names and dates -> no unifying thread
- Past discuss what has become of the present -> easier for the people to see the direction
and identify factors that hinder progress
- Unifying thread – the struggles against colonial oppresion teach the masses to
comprehend society -> bring awareness
- Mass actions -> raises awareness and changes attitudes -> to LIBERATE themselves
- The only way to write PH history is to write the basis of the struggles of the people
- Filipino resistance to colonial oppression is the unifying thread of PH history
Why the Filipino is special
Filipinos are:
- Brown – color should not be a reason for inferiority
- A touching people – seeking interconnection
- Linguists – adept in learning and speaking languages
o Pedro Chirino: Tagalog: abstruseness and obscurity of Hebrew, articles and
distinctions of nouns in Greek, fullness and elegance of Latin, refinement, polish,
and courtesy of Spanish.
o Tagalog is not sexist
- Groupists – human interaction and company
- Weavers – pakikipagkapwa, pakikisama
- Adventurers – tradition of separation
- Have pakiramdam – gift of discernment
- Spiritual – premonition. Kutob
- Timeless – time is diffused – no clear cut beginning and end
- Spaceless – communal values

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Javier, Kyla Carmea L.

Pamamaraan ng Kasaysayan bilang Agham-Panlipunan

Towards a People’s History

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