Direct and Indirect Speech

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
(Reported Speech)
When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for

example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell
someone else what the first person said.
Here's how it works:
We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell' If this verb is in the present tense,
it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:
 direct speech: “I like ice cream”

 reported speech: She says she likes ice cream
We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the
'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like
'my' and 'your'.
But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses
in the reported speech:
 direct speech: “I like ice cream”

 reported speech: She said she liked ice cream
Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech
present simple “I like ice cream” She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present “I am living in
She said she was living in London.
continuous London”
She said she had bought a car OR She said
past simple “I bought a car”
she bought a car.
past “I was walking along She said she had been walking along the
continuous the street” street.
present
“I haven’t seen Julie” She said she hadn’t seen Julie.
perfect
“I had taken English She said she had taken English lessons
past perfect*
lessons before” before.
will “I’ll see you later” She said she would see me later.
would* “I would help, but..” She said she would help but...
“I can speak perfect
can She said she could speak perfect English.
English”
“I could swim when I
could* She said she could swim when she was four.
was four”
shall “I shall come later” She said she would come later.
“I should call my
should* She said she should call her mother
mother”
might* "I might be late" She said she might be late
"I must study at the She said she must study at the weekend OR
must
weekend" She said she had to study at the weekend
* doesn’t change
Occasionally, we don’t need to change the present tense into the past if the
information in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are
general facts, and even then usually we like to change the tense):
 direct speech: “The sky is blue”

 reported speech: She said that the sky is/was blue
PASSIVE VOICE
Read the following story!
 Tommorow will be my test. I was told by my mother to study hard. The

test will be conducted at 7 o’clock. The students will be given some
written tests and oral tests. When the test have done, the result will be
announced the next day.
 My bicycle has been stolen.
Explanations:
 Formula untuk kalimat pasif adalah:

tobe + V3
 Kalimat pasif digunakan untuk lebih menekankan Obyek, dengan cara
merubah Obyek menjadi Subyek. Seperti :
Me I
You  You
Him  He
Her  She
Us  We
Them  They
 Kalimat pasif dibentuk sesuai tensesnya misalnya:
 Simple Present : I eat bread
  The bread is eaten by me.
 Simple Past : I ate bread yesterday
  The bread was eaten by me yesterday.
 Simple Future : I will eat bread later
  The bread will be eaten by me later.
 Present Continuous : Iam eating bread now
  The bread is being eaten by me now.
 Present Perfect Tense: I have eaten bread
  The bread has been eaten by me.
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
  The bread has been being eaten by me.
 Modal Auxiliary: We can teach English
  English can be taught by us.
Exercise
Direct speech Indirect speech
He said'I live in Paris'.
He said'I am cooking dinner.'
He said' I have visited London twice.'
He said' I went to New York
He said 'I had already eaten'.
He said, 'I am going to find a new job'.
He said,'I will give Jack a call'.
1. 'I am very tired.' She said she very tired.
2. 'You play the piano very well.' Mr Jones told me I the piano very
well.
3. 'Can you give us a hand?' They asked if we give them a hand.
4. 'We 're leaving the town.' He told me they the town.
5. 'He hasn't shaved.' I noticed that he .

6. 'Your parents have had an accident.' Sally rang to say that your
parents an accident.
7. 'I left home at seventeen.' Her letter said that she home at
seventeen.
8. 'Don't worry! He won't say anything to the police'. I was sure he

anything to the police.
9. 'None of our relatives will come.' They knew none of their
relatives .
10. 'This parcel has been opened at the customs.' I could see the
parcel at the customs.
Please change the following sentences into passive forms!
Example:
- She is washing some clothes
- Some clothes are being washed by her

- A doctor asked me “when did you give injection to patient for the last time?”
A doctor asked me ...........................................................................................................
- Doctor: “ Don’t lay him down ”

Doctor suggested a nurse .................................................................................................
- “Where have you done x-ray”, an internist asked me

..........................................................................................................................................
- Teacher asks him “Have you already submitted your assignments?”

..........................................................................................................................................
- “ I never accompany him to surgical ward”, she said

..........................................................................................................................................
- “ I have been at pediatric clinic once”, he said

..........................................................................................................................................
1. I am watching tv in the bedroom now

..........................................................................................................................................
2. My father gave me much money
..........................................................................................................................................
3. We are studying english now
..........................................................................................................................................
4. I draw a picture
..........................................................................................................................................
5. They wore the blue shoes
..........................................................................................................................................
6. They will help you
..........................................................................................................................................
7. He will take his book
..........................................................................................................................................
8. My younger sister was cleaning her bedroom
..........................................................................................................................................
9. My wife and her friends were cooking food for us
..........................................................................................................................................
10. My father is reading a novel
..........................................................................................................................................

Direct and Indirect Speech

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for

Here's how it works:

 direct speech: “I like ice cream”

 direct speech: “I like ice cream”

 direct speech: “The sky is blue”

Read the following story!

 Tommorow will be my test. I was told by my mother to study hard. The

 Formula untuk kalimat pasif adalah:

1. 'I am very tired.' She said she very tired.

3. 'Can you give us a hand?' They asked if we give them a hand.

4. 'We 're leaving the town.' He told me they the town.

5. 'He hasn't shaved.' I noticed that he .

8. 'Don't worry! He won't say anything to the police'. I was sure he

parcel at the customs.

Please change the following sentences into passive forms!

- She is washing some clothes

- Some clothes are being washed by her

- Doctor: “ Don’t lay him down ”

- “Where have you done x-ray”, an internist asked me

- Teacher asks him “Have you already submitted your assignments?”

- “ I never accompany him to surgical ward”, she said

- “ I have been at pediatric clinic once”, he said

1. I am watching tv in the bedroom now

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