Autonomous Underwater Vehicle: What Is AUV?

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Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

What is AUV?

An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is basically a mobile robot that

is controlled and pre-programmed by a computer above the water, the robot can

move in three dimensions through certain pre-programmed routes by a

propulsion system. AUVs collect samples of ocean data as it goes through the

ocean, navigating and collecting autonomously with their sensors, and are able

to collect time series and spatial measurements. The difference of AUV and the

other unmanned remotely underwater vehicle (ROV) is that ROV is controlled

and powered through an umbilical or using remote control while AUV does not

connected physically with their operators. AUVs don’t require guidance and

power input from operator.

AUVs were initially shaped like torpedoes, but as the technology has

developed, and adapt to their new requirements, AUVs designs in the market are

more varies and more complex although most AUVs still use the torpedo shape

since it’s still considered as the best compromise in many major aspects. Today’s

AUVs are able to glide from sea surface to the seabed, able to float and hover

around the ocean; all unsupervised for a period of time, self-operating and only

relying data from satellite.

How does it work?

AUVs navigate themselves by using underwater acoustic positioning

system. AUVs most common propulsion technique is propeller-based which is

commonly electrical-powered and rely on lip seal to prevent corrosion.


Electrical-powered AUVs are using rechargeable batteries while larger vehicles

are using aluminum based semi fuel cells that are more expensive and produce

hazardous wastes.

The AUVs market scopes are effectively split into three; military, scientific

and commercial offshore. For commercial needs, oil and gas industries use AUVs

to measure, conduct survey and collect data of seabed before they build the

exploration and production subsea infrastructures such as pipeline effectively

and less costly compared to the conventional bathymetric surveys. For military

needs, AUVs are used to find any mines or determine certain areas such as

harbor if it had an unidentified object. For scientific needs, scientists use AUVs to

research ocean bed, lake bed for contour or even the research of organisms.

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