BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Course Contents for Subjects with Code: MATH 

This document only contains details of courses having code MATH.  

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐101  Mathematics A‐I [Calculus (I)]  4  I 
Year  Discipline 
1  Mathematics‐I,II, Chemistry‐II, Statistics‐I,II,III 
Preliminaries
• Real numbers and the real line
• Functions and their graphs
• Shifting and scaling graphs
• Solution of equations involving absolute values
• Inequalities
• Complex numbers system. Polar form of complex numbers, De Moivr’s
theorem
• Circular function, hyperbolic functions, logarithmic
Limit and Continuity
• Limit of a function, left hand and right hand limits, Theorems of limits
• Continuity, Continuous functions
Derivatives and its Applications
• Differentiable functions
• Differentiation of polynomial, rational and transcendental functions
• Mean value theorems and applications
• Higher derivatives, Leibniz’s theorem
• L’Hospitals Rule
• Intermediate value theorem, Rolle’s theorem
• Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s theorem with their remainders
Integration and Definite Integrals
• Techniques of evaluating indefinite integrals
• Integration by substitutions, Integration by parts
• Change of variable in indefinite integrals
• Definite integrals, Fundamental theorem of calculus
• Reduction formulas for algebraic and trigonometric integrands
• Improper integrals, Gamma functions

Recommended Books
1. Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2005
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2005
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and
Multivariable, 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. Frank A. Jr, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum’s outlines series, 4th
Edition,1999
5. C.H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and Analytics Geometry, Prentice
Hall, Inc. 1988
6. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, PWS Publishers, Boston,
Massachosetts, 1983.

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

Mathematics B‐I 
MATH‐102  4  I 
[Vectors &  Mechanics (I)] 
Year  Discipline 
1  Mathematics‐I,II 
Vector Algebra
• Introduction to vector algebra
• Scalar and vector product
• Scalar triple product and vector triple product
• Applications to geometry
Vector Calculus
• Limit, continuity and differentiability of vector point functions
• Partial derivatives of vector point functions
• Scalar and vector fields
• The gradient, divergence and curl
• Expansion formulas.
Forces
• Fundamental concepts and principles
• Inertial-non-inertial frames, Newton’s laws
• Resultant of several concurrent forces
• The parallelogram law of forces
• Resolution of a forces, triangle of forces
• Lamy’s theorem, polygon of forces
• Conditions of equilibrium for a particle
• External and internal forces, principle of transmissibility
• Resultant of like and unlike parallel forces
• Moment of forces about a point, Varigon’s theorem
• Moment of a couple, equivalent couples, composition of couples
• Reduction of coplanar forces to a force or a couple
Friction
• Dry friction and fluid friction
• Laws of dry friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction
• Equilibrium of a particle on a rough inclined plane
• Particle on a rough inclined plane acted on by an external force
• Conditions for sliding or titling
Virtual Work
• Principle of virtual work
• Problems involving tensions and thrust

Recommended Books
1. Fowles, G.R, Cassiday, G.L. Analytical Mechanics, 7th Edition, Thomson
Brook Cole, 2005
2. Jafferson, B. Beasdsworth, T. Further Mechanics, Oxford University Press,
2001
3. Joseph F, Shelley. Vector Mechanics, Mc-Graw Hill Company, 1990

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4. Murray R. Spiegel, Theoretical Mechanics, Schaum’s Outline

Series, Mc Graw Hill Book Company
5. Hwei P. HSU, Applied Vector Analysis, San Diego, New York, 1984.
6. Murray R. Spiegel, Vector Analysis, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw Hill
Book Company, 1959
7. D.K. Anand and P.F. Cunnif, Statics and Dynamics, Allyn and Becon, Inc.
1984

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

Mathematics A‐II 
MATH‐103  4  II 
[Plane Curves &  Analytic  Geometry] 
Year  Discipline 
1  Mathematics‐I,II, Chemistry‐II, Statistics‐I,II,III 
Plane Analytics Geometry
• Conic section and quadratic equations
• Classifying conic section by eccentricity
• Translation and rotation of axis
• Properties of circle, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola
• Polar coordinates, conic sections in polar coordinates
• Graphing in polar coordinates
• Tangents and normal, pedal equations, parametric representations of curves
Applications of Integration
• Asymptotes.
• Relative extrema, points of inflection and concavity
• Singular, points, tangents at the origin
• Graphing of Cartesian and polar curves
• Area under the curve, area between two curves
• Arc length and intrinsic equations
• Curvature, radius and centre of curvature
• Involute and evolute, envelope
Analytic Geometry of Three Dimensions
• Rectangular coordinates system in a space
• Cylindrical and spherical coordinate system
• Direction ratios and direction cosines of a line
• Equation of straight lines and planes in three dimensions
• Shortest distance between skew lines
• Equation of sphere, cylinder, cone, ellipsoids, paraboloids, hyperboloids
• Quadric and ruled surfaces
• Spherical trigonometry. Direction of Qibla
Recommended Books
1. Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley publishing company, 2005
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2005
3. Hughes-Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivariable,
3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002.
4. Frank A. Jr, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum’s outlines series, 4th edition,
1999
5. C.H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and Analytics Geometry Prentice
Hall, Inc. 1988
6. E. W. Swokowski, Calculus and Analytic Grometry PWS Publishers, Boston,
Massachosetts, 1983.
7. Dennis G. Zill & Patric D. Shanahan, Complex Analysis, Jones & Barlett
Publishers, 2003

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐104  Mathematics B‐II [Mechanics (II)]  4  II 
Year  Discipline 
1  Mathematics‐I,II 

Kinematics
• Rectilinear motion of particles
• Uniform rectilinear motion, uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion
• Curvilinear motion of particle, rectangular components of velocity and
acceleration
• Tangential and normal components
• Radial and transverse components
• Projectile motion
Kinetics
• Work, power, kinetic energy, conservative force fields
• Conservation of energy, impulse, torque
• Conservation of linear ad angular momentum
• Non-conservative forces
Simple Harmonic Motion
• The simple harmonic oscillator, amplitude, period, frequency,
• Resonance and energy
• The damped harmonic oscillator, over damped, critically damped and under
damped
• Motion, forces vibrations
Central Forces and Planetary Motion
• Central force fields, equations of motion, potential energy, orbits
• Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
• Apsides and apsidal angles for nearly circular orbits
• Motion in an inverse square field
Centre of Mass and Gravity
• Discrete and continuous systems, density of rigid and elastic bodies
• Centroid: Discrete and continuous systems, solid region, region bounded
by planes
• Semi circular regions, sphere, hemisphere, cylinder and cone
Recommended Books
1. Fowles, G.R, Cassiday, G.L. Analytical Mechanics, 7th Edition, Thomson
Brook Cole, 2005
2. Jafferson, B. Beasdsworth, T. Further Mechanics, Oxford University Press
2001
3. Murray R. Spiegel, Theoretical Mechanics, Schaum’s Outline Series, Mc
Graw Hill Book Company
4. D.K. Anand and P.F. Cunnif, Statics and Dynamics, Allyn and Becon, Inc.,
1984
5. Ferdinand P.B and E.R. Johnston, Statics and Dynamics, Mc-Graw Hill Book
Company, Inc. 1977

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐105  Discrete Mathematics  2  II 
Year  Discipline 
1  Mathematics‐I,II 
Function and Sequences
• Introduction to sets
• Functions
• Inverses of function
• Sequences
• Big-Oh notation
Elementary Logic
• Introduction to elementary logic
• Propositional calculus
• Methods of proof
Induction and Recursion
• Loop invariance
• Mathematical induction
• Recursive definition
• Recurrence relations
Relations
• Introduction of relation
• Equivalence relations and partitions of sets
• Partially ordered sets
• Special orderings
• Properties of general relations
Principles of Counting
• Pigeon rule the sum rule
• Inclusion exclusion principle
• The product rule and binomial methods

Recommended Books
1. K.A Ross & C.R.B. Wright, Discrete Mathematics, Prentice Hall, New
Jersey, 2003.
2. Kenneth H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and its Application, Mc-Graw Hill
Company, 2003
3. J.P. Trembley & R.Manoher, Discrete Mathematical Structure with
Application to Computer Science, McGraw Hill, 1975.
4. Noman L-Brigs, Discrete Mathematics, Oxford University Press, 2003

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

I 
MATH‐111  Elementary Mathematics‐I (Algebra)  3 
II 
Year  Discipline 
Business Administration, Economics, History 
1  Botany, Zoology, Chemistry‐I, Social Work, Political Science, Mass 
Communication, Education (Elementary), Education (Secondary), 
Urdu 
Specific Objectives of the Course: To prepare the students, not majoring in mathematics,
with the essential tools of algebra to apply the concepts and the techniques in their respective
disciplines.
Course Outline:
Preliminaries: Real-number system, complex numbers, introduction to sets, set operations,
functions, types of functions. Matrices: Introduction to matrices, types, matrix inverse,
determinants, system of linear equations, Cramer’s rule.
Quadratic Equations: Solution of quadratic equations, qualitative analysis of roots of a
quadratic equations, equations reducible to quadratic equations, cube roots of unity, relation
between roots and coefficients of quadratic equations.
Sequences and Series: Arithmetic progression, geometric progression, harmonic progression.
Binomial Theorem: Introduction to mathematical induction, binomial theorem with rational
and irrational indices. Trigonometry: Fundamentals of trigonometry, trigonometric identities.

Recommended Books:
1. Dolciani MP, Wooton W, Beckenback EF, Sharron S, Algebra 2 and Trigonometry,
1978, Houghton & Mifflin,
2. Kaufmann JE, College Algebra, and Trigonometry, 1987, PWS-Kent Company,
Boston  
3. Swokowski EW, Fundamentals of Algebra and Trigonometry (6th edition), 1986,
PWS-Kent Company, Boston 

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 
MATH‐112  Business Mathematics  3  I 
Year  Discipline 
1  Commerce 
 
a. Solution of Simultaneous equation. Solution of quadratic equation,
b. Matrices and determinants: Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication of Matrices,
Expansion of Determinants, Inverse of a matrix, Use of matrices in the solution of
system of linear equations.
c. Logarithms
d. Mathematics of Finance
a. Simple & compound interest
b. Annuities
c. Ordinary
d. Simple discount
e. Calculating present value & future value of money
e. Progression & series
a. Arithmetic
b. Geometric
h. Permutations & Combination

BOOKS RECOMMENDED (Latest Editions)

1. Syed Hassan Mirza, Business Mathematic for Management and Finance.

2. L W Stafford, Business Mathematics.
3. Richard Lacava, Business Statistics.
4. Lavin, Business Statistics, Prentice Hall Inc.
5. Nasir Ali Syed, and G H Gill, Statistics & Business Mathematics, Fair Publication,
Lahore.
6. Z A Bohra, Business Statistics and Mathematics.

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐121  Calculus‐I  3  I 
Year  Discipline 
1  Physics 

Number systems, bounded and unbounded sets, infimum and superimum, intervals, natural
numbers, principle of induction, sequences, convergence, series and products, real valued
functions, graphical representation of real valued functions.
Limit of a function, properties of limit, continuity and discontinuity, differentiation,
derivatives, higher derivatives, properties of differentiable functions, exponential and
logarithmic functions, trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions, hyperbolic and
inverse hyperbolic functions, maxima and minima, mean value theorems, intermediate forms,
Taylor’s theorem, Maclaurin’s series, power series.
Plane curves, polar coordinates, tangents and normals, parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, vectors.
Books Recommended:

1. Calculus and Analytic Geometry G. B. Thomas and R. L. Finney, Addison-Wesley

Publishing Company, 1996.
2. Calculus, E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, D. Pence, J.A. Cole, PWS Publishing Co. USA,
1994.
3. Calculus, J. Stewart, Books/Cole Publishing Co. USA, 1999. 

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐122  Applied Mathematics  3  I 
Year  Discipline 
1  Physics 
Basic concepts of statistics, concept of probability, axioms of probability, discrete
probability, & continuous probability, frequencies and probabilities, binomial, Poisson, and
normal distributions, mode, mean, median, regression and correlation, sampling theory,
analysis of variance.
Numerical Analysis, solutions of algebraic and transcendental equations, roots of cubic and
biquadratic equations, numerical methods, bisection methods, Newton-Raphson, formula, the
secant method, method of false position, numerical solution of simultaneous linear algebraic
equations, Gauss elimination method, Cramer’s rule, Choleski’s factorization method, Jacobi
iterative method, numerical integration, rectangular rule, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule,
Error analysis.

Books Recommended:
Experimental Measurements: Precision, Error and Truth by N. C. Barford, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, Inc.
Modern Statistics by Richard Goodman, ARC Books, NY.
Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, F. Riley, M. P. Hobson and S. J. Bence,
Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Mathematical Physics by E. Butkov, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1968.
Mathematical Methods for Physicists by G. Arfken and H. J. Weber, Academic Press, 1995.

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐123  Calculus‐Il   3  II 
Year  Discipline 
1  Physics 
Riemann integrals and their applications, Fundamental theorems of calculus, area under the
curve, integration of rational, irrational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions,
improper integrals, beta and gamma integrals.
Real functions of several variables, directional derivatives, partial derivatives, local maxima
and minima, gradient, chain rule, stationary points, mean value theorems, total differentials,
implicit functions, curve tracing, tangents, one parameter family of curves, envelops of a
family of curves.
Volumes of solids of revolution, area of a surface of revolution, moments and center of
gravity, multiple integrals and applications, infinite series, tests for its convergence, root and
ratio tests, Gauss and integral tests.

Books Recommended:
1. Calculus and Analytic Geometry by G. B. Thomas and R. L. Finney, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, 1996.
2. Calculus by E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, D. Pence, J.A. Cole, PWS Publishing Co.,
USA, 1994.
3. Calculus by J. Stewart, Books/Cole Publishing Co., USA, 1999.

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BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐124  Analytical Geometry  3  II 
Year  Discipline 
1  Physics 
Analytical geometry of three dimensions, rectangular, spherical polar and cylinderical polar,
direction consines, direction components, projections, angle between two lines, perpendicular
lines, equations of a plance in various forms, perpendicular line to a plane, parallel planes,
perpendicular planes, equations of st. Line in various forms, plane through a line,
perpendicularity and paralleism of lines and planes, perpendicular distance of a point from a
line or a plane. Sortest distance between two lines.
Surfaces: Defination of a surface (Parametric form), Examples of surfaces, intercepts, traces,
summetry, sketching by parallel plane sections, surfaces of revolution, quadric surfaces,
spheres, elipsoids, paraboloids, hyperboloids, cylinders, cones.

Books Recommended:
1. Calculus and Analytic Geometry by G. B. Thomas and R. L. Finney, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, 1996.
2. Calculus by E. W. Swokowski, M. Olinick, D. Pence, J.A. Cole, PWS Publishing Co.,
USA, 1994. 
3. Calculus by J. Stewart, Books/Cole Publishing Co., USA, 1999. 

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐131  Calculus (IT)‐I  3  I 
Year  Discipline 
1  Information Technology 

Objective
This course provides a systematic introduction to the aspects of differential and integral
calculus. It provides a sound foundation in calculus for students of Mathematics and
Computer Science. Emphasis of the course is on modeling and applications. The following
topics will be covered in this course: Number systems, Intervals, Inequalities, Functions,
Solving absolute value equations and inequalities, Limits, Continuity, Limits and continuity
of trigonometric functions, Slopes and rates of change, the Derivative, Local linear
approximation, Differentials, Analysis of functions, Rolle’s theorem and Mean value
theorem, the indefinite integral, the definite integral, L’Hopital’s rule; Integration, First order
differential equations and applications, Second order linear homogeneous differential
equations, Polar coordinates and Graph sketching, Conic sections in calculus.

Prerequisites
None

Text Book
™ Anton, Bivens and Davis, Calculus, 7th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2002. ISBN:
9971-51-431-1

Reference Books
ƒ Thomas and Finney, Calculus with Analytic Geometry, Addison Wesley 10th Edition,
2001. ISBN: 0201163209
ƒ Dennis G.Zill & Michael R. Cullen, Differential equations with boundary value
problems , 3rd Edition,1992. ISBN: 0534418872
ƒ Online Material: www.mathworld.com

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐132  Calculus (IT)‐Il   3  II 
Year  Discipline 
1  Information Technology 

Objective
The objective of this course is to prepare the students for coordinating problems by various
viewpoints and to encourage and motivate the students to think abstractly, and explore
possibilities in field of computer science, in particular, computer graphics. Class assignment
will be given at the end of each lecture, and Software MATLAB/MATHEMATICA/MAPLE
will be used to demonstrate the visualization of surfaces. The following topics will be
covered in this course: Motivation and applications of the course, Rectangular coordinates in
3-space, spheres, cylindrical surfaces, Vectors, Scalar (dot) products, projections, Vector
(cross) products, Parametric Equations of Lines, Planes in 3-space, Quadric surfaces,
Spherical and cylindrical coordinates, Introduction to vector-valued functions, Calculus of
vector-valued functions, Change of parameter, Arc length, Unit tangent, normal, and
binormal vectors, Curvature, Functions of two or more variables, Partial derivatives, The
Chain rule, Directional derivatives and Gradients, Tangent planes and normal vectors,
Maxima and minima of functions of two variables, Lagrange multipliers, Double integral ,
Parametric surfaces; Surface area, Triple integral, Line integrals, Green’s Theorem, Surface
integrals; application of surface integrals, Divergence Theorem, Stoke’s Theorem.

Prerequisites
MA 101 – Calculus I
Text Book
Anton, Bivens and Davis, Calculus, 7th Edition, John Wiley and sons, 2002.ISBN: 9971-51-
431-1
Reference Books
Thomas and Finney, Calculus with Analytic Geometry, Addison Wesley, 9th Ed, 1999. ISBN:
0201163209

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BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐201  Mathematics A‐III [Linear Algebra]  4  III 
Year  Discipline 
2  Mathematics‐I,II, Chemistry‐II, Statistics‐I,II,III 
Matrices, Determinants and System of Linear Equations
• Definition of matrix. various types of matrices
• Algebra of matrices
• Determinant of square matrix, cofactors and minors
• Laplace expansion of determinants
• Elementary matrices, adjoint and inverses of matrices
• Rank of a matrix
• Introduction to systems of linear equations
• Cramer’s rule, Guassian elimination and Gauss Jordan method
• Solution of homologenous and non homogenous linear equations
• Net work flow problems
Vector Spaces
• Real vector spaces, subspaces
• Linear combination and spanning set.
• Linear independence and linear dependence, basis and dimension, row space,
Colum space and Null space
Linear Transformations
• Introduction to linear transformation
• Matrices of linear transformations
• Rank and nullity
• Eigen values and Eigen vectors
• Diagonalization
• Orthogonal diagonalization
• Orthogonal matrices, similar matrices

Recommended Books
1. Howard Anton and Chris Rorres, Elementary Linear Algebra Applications
Version, John Wiley and Sons Inc. 9th Edition, 2005
2. W. Keith Nicholoson, Elementary Linear Algebra, PWS-Kent Publishing
Company, Boston, 2004
3. Bernard Kolman, David R. Hill, Introduction Linear Algebra with
Applications, Prentice Hall International, Inc. 7th Edition, 2001
4. Stephen H. Friedberg Et al, Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall, Inc. 3rd Edition,
2000
5. Seymour Lipschutz, Theory and Problems of Beginning Linear Algebra,
Schaum’s Outline Series, Mc-Graw Hill Company, New York, 1997 

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Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 
MATH‐202  Mathematics B‐III [Calculus (II)]  4  III 
Year  Discipline 
2  Mathematics‐I,II 
Sequence and Series
• Sequences, Infinite series, Convergence of sequence and series
• The integral test, Comparison tests, Ratio test, Root test
• Alternative series, Absolute and conditional convergence
• Power series, Interval and radius of convergence
Functions of Several Variables
• Functions of two variables, Graphs of functions of two variables
• Contour diagrams, Linear functions, Functions of three variables
• Limit and continuity of a function of two variables
• The partial derivative, Computing partial derivatives algebraically
• The second-order partial derivative, Local linearity and the differential
• Tangent planes and normal lines
• Optimization, Maxima and minima of a function of two variables
• Lagrange multipliers
• Various methods for finding area and volume surface of revolution
Multiple Integrals
• Double integral in rectangular and polar form
• Triple integral in rectangular, Cylindrical and spherical coordinates
• Substitutions in multiple integrals
• Moments and centre of mass

Recommended Books
1. Thomas, Calculus, 11th Edition. Addison Wesley Publishing Company,
2005
2. H.Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
In.2005
3. Hughes-Hallet, Gleason, McCalum, et al, Calculus Single and
Multivarible, 3rd Edition John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2002
4. Frank A. Jr, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum’s Outline Series, 4th
Edition 1999
5. C.H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and Analytical Geometry Prentice
Hall, Inc. 1988
6. E.W.Swokoski, Calculus and Analytical Geometry PWS Publishers,
Boston, 1983

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BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

Mathematics A‐IV 
MATH‐203  4  IV 
[Ordinary Differential Equations] 
Year  Discipline 
2  Mathematics‐I,II, Chemistry‐II, Statistics‐I,II,III 
Introduction to Differential Equations
• Historical background and motivation
• Basic mathematical models: Directional fields
• Classification of differential equations
First Order Differential Equations
• Separable equations
• Modeling with first order equations
• Differences between linear and nonlinear equations
• Exact equations and integrating factors
Second Order Differential Equations
• Homogenous equations
• Homogenous equations with constant coefficients
• Fundamental solutions of linear homogenous equations
• Linear independence and the wronskian
• Method of undetermined coefficients, Variation of parameters
Higher Order Linear Equations
• General theory of nth order linear equations
• Homogenous equations with constant coefficients
• The methods of undermined coefficients
• The method of variation of parameters
Series Solution of Second Order Linear Equations and Special Functions
• Series solution near an ordinary point, Legendr’s equation
• Regular singular points, Series solution near a regular singular point

Recommended Books
3. W.E. Boyce and Diprima, Elementary Differential Equations, 8th Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, 2005
4. Erwin, Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley and
Sons, 2004
5. Ross, S.L, Differential Equations, John Wiley & Sons, 2004
6. Dennis G.Zill & Michael R. Cullen, Differential Equation With Boundary
Value Problems, PWS Publihing Company, 2000
7. Richard Bronson, Differential Equations, 2nd Edition, Schaum’s Outline
Series, Mc-Graw Hill Company, New York, 1994

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BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

Mathematics B‐IV 
MATH‐204  4  IV 
[Metric Spaces & Group Theory] 
Year  Discipline 
2  Mathematics‐I,II 
Metric Spaces
• Definition and various examples of metric spaces
• Holder’s inequality, Cauchy-schwarz and minkowski’s inequality
• Open and closed balls
• Neighborhoods
• Open and closed sets
• Interior, Exterior and boundary points
• Limit points, Closure of a set
• Convergence in metric spaces, Cauchy sequences
• Continuity in metric spaces
• Inner product and norm
• Orthonormal sets and basis
• The Gram-Schmidt process
Group Theory
• Binary operations
• Definition, Examples and formation of groups
• Subgroups
• Order of group, Order of an element
• Abelian groups
• Cyclic groups, Cosets, Lagrange’s theorem
• Permutation, Even and odd permutations
• Symmetric groups
• Introduction to rings and fields

Recommended Books
1. Micheal, O. Searcoid, Metric Spaces, Springer, 2007
2. E. Kreyszig, Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications, John
Wiley and Sons, 1978
3. W.A. Sutherland, Introduction to Metric and Topological Spaces, Clarendon
Press Oxford, 1975
4. E.T. Copson, Metric Spaces, Cambridge University, Press, 1968
5. G.F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, McGraw Hill
Company, 1963
6. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Xerox Publishing Company, 1964.
7. Vivek Sahai and Vikas Bist, Algebra, Narosa Publishing House, 1999
8. P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul, Basic Abstract Algebra,
C.U.P., 1986

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          19 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐205  Graph Theory  2  III 
Year  Discipline 
2  Mathematics‐I,II 

Course Outline
• Definition and examples of a graph
• Sub graph
• Types of graphs
• Paths, cycles, wheels and walks
• Connected and disconnected graph
• Isomorphism
• Handshaking lemma
• Matrix representation of a graph
• Three puzzles
• Connectivity
• Eulerian graphs
• Hamiltonian graphs
• Shortest path algorithms
• Trees

Recommended Books
1. Robin J. Wilson, Graph Theory, 4th Edition, Longman 2000
2. Douglas B. West, Graph Theory, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall 2003
3. V.K.Balakrishnan, Graph Theory, Schaum’s Ouline 1997
4. Parthasarathy, K.R. Basic Graph Theory, McGraw Hill, 1994
5. Bela Bollobas, Graph Theory, Springer Verlag, New York, 1979

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          20 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐206  Elementary Number Theory  2  IV 
Year  Discipline 
2  Mathematics‐I,II 

Prime Numbers
• The sieve of eratostheness
• Perfect numbers, Mersenne primes, Fermat numbers
• Theorems related to prime numbers
Divisibility
• Divisibility of primes
• Divisbility of primes
• The Euclidean algorithm, The equation άx + by = c
Congruences
• Divisbility tests
• Linear congruences, Techniques for solving άx = b(mod m)
• The Chinese remainder theorem
• Finding the day of the week

Recommended Books
1. Adler, Andrew, Coury, John E. The Theory of Numbers, Jones and Barttlet
Publishers, Boston, 1995.
2. Kenneth, H. Rosen, Elementary Number Theory and Its Applications
Pearson Addison Wesley Publishers, Boston, 2005
3. Tom M, Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number, Springer, New York,
1980.
4. Burton, D.M. Elementary Number Theory McGraw Hill, 2000.

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          21 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐211  Elementary Mathematics‐II (Calculus)  3  III 
Year  Discipline 
2  Botany, Zoology, Chemistry‐I, Political Science 

Preliminaries: Real-number line, functions and their graphs, solution of equations involving
absolute values, inequalities. Limits and Continuity: Limit of a function, left-hand and right-
hand limits, continuity, continuous functions.
Derivatives and their Applications: Differentiable functions, differentiation of polynomial,
rational and transcendental functions, derivatives.
Integration and Definite Integrals: Techniques of evaluating indefinite integrals, integration
by substitution, integration by parts, change of variables in indefinite integrals.

Recommended Books:
th
1. Anton H, Bevens I, Davis S, Calculus: A New Horizon (8 edition), 2005, John Wiley,
New York
rd
2. Stewart J, Calculus (3 edition), 1995, Brooks/Cole (suggested text)
3. Swokowski EW, Calculus and Analytic Geometry, 1983, PWS-Kent Company, Boston
th
4. Thomas GB, Finney AR, Calculus (11 edition), 2005, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Ma,
USA

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          22 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐221  Differential Equations‐I  3  III 
Year  Discipline 
2  Physics 

Classification of differential equations, solution of differential equations, initial and boundary

value problems, first order ordinary differential equation, method of solution, separable
equations, homogeneous and exact equations, non-exact differential equations.
Second and higher order differential equations, Initial and boundary value problems, linear
independence of solutions and Wronskian, method of solution, solutions in series.

Books Recommended:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, Wiley, New York, 1999.
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists by G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, A Press, New
York, 1995.
3. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson and S.
J. Bence, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
4. A First Course in Differential Equations with Applications by G. D. Zill Windsor and
Schmidt, Prinder R. E. Williamson 1997.
5. An Introduction to Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1982.
6. An Introduction to Differential Equations and their Applications by S. J. Farlow,
McGraw-Hill, 1994.

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          23 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐222  Pure Mathematics  3  III 
Year  Discipline 
2  Physics 

Sets, relations between sets and operations on sets, Venn diagrams, mappings and their
composition, inverse mappings, mathematical logics, statements, conditional statement,
axioms, definitions, and theorems, rules of inference and mathematical proof, methods of
proof, sequences, the limit of a sequence.
Definition and examples of topological spaces, discrete and indiscrete topologies, coarser and
finer topologies, open and close sets, neighborhood, bases and sub bases, limit point,
continuity and homeomorphism, metrics and metrics spaces.

Books Recommended:
1. Principal of Modern Algebra by J.E. Whitesitt, Addison-Wesley, 1964.
2. Introduction to topology by M. Mansfield, Prentice Hall, 1964.

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          24 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐223  Differential Equations‐II   3  IV 
Year  Discipline 
2  Physics 

Laplace transforms method for solving differential equations, convolution theorem, system of
equatins, initial value problems, Nonlinear equations, singular solution, Clairaut equation,
Bernaulli equation, Riccati equation etc. Power series solution, convergence of power series,
ordinary and singular points, solutions near singular points.

Books Recommended:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, Wiley, New York, 1999.
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists by G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, A Press, New
York, 1995.
3. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson and S.
J. Bence, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
4. A First Course in Differential Equations with Applications by G. D. Zill Windsor and
Schmidt, Prinder R. E. Williamson 1997.
5. An Introduction to Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1982.
6. An Introduction to Differential Equations and their Applications by S. J. Farlow,
McGraw-Hill, 1994..

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          25 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐224  Linear Algebra  3  IV 
Year  Discipline 
2  Physics 

Vector space, linear dependence, dimensionality, inner product, Hilbert space, linear
operators, Gram-Schmidt method, matrices, addition, multiplication, division, derivatives and
integrals of matrices, partition of matrices, elementary row operations, systems of linear
equations, transpose, unitary and hermitian matrices, eigenvalues and eigen vectors,
diagonalization, singular matrix, trace of a matrix, determinants, Cramer’s rule, inverse
matrix, linear transformation.
Groups, subgroups, homomorphism and isomorphism, group representation, reducible and
irreducible representations, Schurs lemma.

Books Recommended:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, Wiley, New York, 1999.
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists by G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, A Press, New
York, 1995.
3. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson and S.
J. Bence, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          26 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐231  Discrete Mathematics (IT)  3  III 
Year  Discipline 
2  Information Technology 

Objectives
This course introduces the foundations of discrete mathematics as they apply to Computer
Science, focusing on providing a solid theoretical foundation for further work. It aims to
develop understanding and appreciation of the finite nature inherent in most Computer
Science problems and structures through study of combinatorial reasoning, abstract algebra,
iterative procedures, predicate calculus, tree and graph structures. The following topics will
be covered in the course: Introduction to logic and proofs, Direct proofs, proof by
contradiction, Sets, Combinatorics, Sequences, Formal logic, Prepositional and predicate
calculus, Methods of Proof, Mathematical Induction and Recursion, loop invariants,
Relations and functions, Pigeon whole principle, Trees and Graphs, Elementary number
theory, Optimization and matching, Fundamental structures, Functions (surjections,
injections, inverses, composition), relations (reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity, equivalence
relations), sets (Venn diagrams, complements, Cartesian products, power sets), pigeonhole
principle; cardinality and countability.

Prerequisites
None

Text Book
Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, ISBN:
0072424346

Reference Material
• Richard Johnsonbaugh, Discrete Mathematics, Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0135182425
• Kolman, Busby & Ross, Discrete Mathematical Structures, 4th Edition, 2000,
Prentice-Hall, ISBN: 0130831433

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          27 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐301  Real Analysis –I  3  V 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

Real Number System

• Ordered sets, fields, the field of real numbers
• Completeness property of R
• The extended real number system
• Euclidean spaces
• Finite, countable and uncountable sets
Sequences and Series
• Sequences, subsequences, convergent sequences, Cauchy sequences
• Monotone and bounded sequences, Bolzano Weierstrass theorem
• Series, series of non-negative terms
• Partial sums, the root and ratio tests, integral test, comparison test
• Absolute and conditional convergence
Limit and Continuity
• The limit of a function
• Continuous functions
• Types of discontinuity
• Uniform continuity
• Monotone functions
Differentiation
• The derivative of a function
• Mean value theorems, the continuity of derivatives
• Taylor’s theorem
Functions of Several Variables
• Partial derivatives and differentiability, derivatives and differentials of composite
functions
• Change in the order of partial derivative, implicit functions, inverse functions,
Jacobians
• Maxima and minima

Recommended Books
1. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd edition, (McGraw Hill, 1976)
2. R. G. Bartle, Introduction to Real Analysis, 3rd edition, (John Wiley and Sons, 2000)
3. T. M. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1974)
4. A. J. Kosmala, Introductory Mathematical Analysis, (WCB Company , 1995)
5. W. R. Parzynski and P. W. Zipse, Introduction to Mathematical Analysis, (McGraw
Hill Company, 1982)
6. H. S. Gaskill and P. P. Narayanaswami, Elements of Real Analysis, (Printice Hall,
1988)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          28 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐302  Group Theory‐I  3  V 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

Groups
• Definition and examples of groups
• Abelian group
• Subgroups lattice, Lagrange’s theorem
• Relation between groups
• Cyclic groups
• Groups and symmetries, Cayley’s theorem
Complexes in Groups
• Complexes and coset decomposition of groups
• Centre of a group
• Normalizer in a group
• Centralizer in a group
• Conjugacy classes and congruence relation in a group
• Double cosets
Normal Subgroups
• Normal subgroups
• Proper and improper normal subgroups
• Factor groups
• Fundamental theorem of homomorphism
• Automorphism group of a group
• Commutator subgroups of a group
Sylow Theorems
• Cauchy’s theorem for Abelian and non-Abelian group
• Sylow theorems

Recommended Books
1. J. Rose, A Course on Group Theory, (Cambridge University Press, 1978)
2. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, (Xerox Publishing Company, 1964)
3. P. M. Cohn, Algebra, (John Wiley and Sons, London, 1974)
4. P. B. Bhattacharya, S. K. Jain and S. R. Nagpaul, Basic Abstract Algebra, (Cambridge
University Press, 1986)
5. J. B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, (Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, 2002)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          29 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐303  Complex Analysis‐I  3  V 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

The Concept of Analytic Functions

• Complex numbers, complex planes, complex functions
• Analytic functions
• Entire functions
• Harmonic functions
• Elementary functions: complex exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions
Infinite Series
• Power series, derived series, radius of convergence
• Taylor series and Laurent series
Conformal Representation
• Transformation, conformal transformation
• Linear transformation
• Möbius transformations
Complex Integration
• Complex integrals
• Cauchy-Goursat theorem
• Cauchy’s integral formula and their consequences
• Liouville’s theorem
• Morera’s theorem
• Derivative of an analytic function

Recommended Books
1. D. G. Zill and P. D. Shanahan, Complex Analysis, (Jones and Bartlett Publishers,
2003)
2. H. S. Kasana, Complex Variables: Theory and Applications, (Prentice Hall, 2005)
3. J. W. Brown and R. V. Churchill, Complex Variables and Applications, 7th edition,
(McGraw Hill Company, 2004)
4. M. R. Spiegel, Complex Variables, (McGraw Hill Book Company, 1974)
5. Louis L. Pennisi, Elements of Complex Variables, (Holt, Linehart and Winston, 1976)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          30 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐304  Vector and Tensor Analysis  3  V 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

Vector Integration
• Line integrals
• Surface area and surface integrals
• Volume integrals
Integral Theorems
• Green’s theorem
• Gauss divergence theorem
• Stoke’s theorem
Curvilinear Coordinates
• Orthogonal coordinates
• Unit vectors in curvilinear systems
• Arc length and volume elements
• The gradient, divergence and curl
• Special orthogonal coordinate systems
Tensor Analysis
• Coordinate transformations
• Einstein summation convention
• Tensors of different ranks
• Contravariant, covariant and mixed tensors
• Symmetric and skew symmetric tensors
• Addition, subtraction, inner and outer products of tensors
• Contraction theorem, quotient law
• The line element and metric tensor
• Christoffel symbols

Recommended Books
1. F. Chorlton, Vector and Tensor Methods, (Ellis Horwood Publisher, Chichester, U.K.,
1977)
2. M. R. Spiegel, Vector Analysis, (McGraw Hill Book Company, Singapore, 1981)
3. A. W. Joshi, Matrices and Tensors in Physics, (Wiley Eastern Limited, 1991)
4. Hwei P. Hsu, Applied Vector Analysis, (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, San
Diego, New York, 1984)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          31 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐305  Topology  3  V 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

Topology
• Definition and examples
• Open and closed sets
• Subspaces
• Neighborhoods
• Limit points, closure of a set
• Interior, exterior and boundary of a set
Bases and Sub-bases
• Base and sub bases
• Neighborhood bases
• First and second axioms of countablility
• Separable spaces, Lindelöf spaces
• Continuous functions and homeomorphism
• Weak topologies, finite product spaces
Separation Axioms
• Separation axioms
• Regular spaces
• Completely regular spaces
• Normal spaces
Compact Spaces
• Compact topological spaces
• Countably compact spaces
• Sequentially compact spaces
Connectedness
• Connected spaces, disconnected spaces
• Totally disconnected spaces
• Components of topological spaces

Recommended Books
1. J. Dugundji, Topology, (Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston 1966)
2. G. F. Simmon, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, (McGraw Hill Book
Company, New York, 1963)
3. Stephen Willard, General Topology, (Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., London, 1970)
4. Seymour Lipschutz, General Topology, (Schaum's Outline Series, McGraw Hill Book
Company 2004)
5. James R. Munkres, Topology, 2nd edition, (Prentice Hall Inc., 2003)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          32 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐306  Differential Geometry  3  V 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

Theory of Space Curves

• Introduction, index notation and summation convention
• Space curves, arc length, tangent, normal and binormal
• Osculating, normal and rectifying planes
• Curvature and torsion
• The Frenet-Serret theorem
• Natural equation of a curve
• Involutes and evolutes, helices
• Fundamental existence theorem of space curves
Theory of Surfaces
• Coordinate transformation
• Tangent plane and surface normal
• The first fundamental form and the metric tensor
• Christoffel symbols of first and second kinds
• The second fundamental form
• Principal, Gaussian, mean, geodesic and normal curvatures
• Gauss and Weingarten equations
• Gauss and Codazzi equations

Recommended Books
1. R. S. Millman and G.D. Parker, Elements of Differential Geometry (Prentice-Hall,
New Jersey, 1977).
2. A. Goetz, Introduction to Differential Geometry (Addison-Wesley, 1970).
3. E. Kreyzig, Differential Geometry (Dover, 1991).
4. M. M. Lipschutz, Schaum's Outline of Differential Geometry (McGraw Hill, 1969).
5. D. Somasundaram, Differential Geometry (Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi,
2005).

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          33 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐307  Real Analysis –II  3  VI 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals

• Definition and existence of integrals
• Properties of integrals
• Fundamental theorem of calculus and its applications
• Change of variable theorem
• Integration by parts
Functions of Bounded Variation
• Definition and examples
• Properties of functions of bounded variation
Improper Integrals
• Types of improper integrals
• Tests for convergence of improper integrals
• Beta and gamma functions
• Absolute and conditional convergence of improper integrals
Sequences and Series of Functions
• Power series
• Definition of point-wise and uniform convergence
• Uniform convergence and continuity
• Uniform convergence and integration
• Uniform convergence and differentiation
• Examples of uniform convergence

Recommended Books
1. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd edition, (McGraw Hill 1976)
2. R. G. Bartle, Intoduction to Real analysis, 3rd edition, (John Wiley and sons, 2000)
3. T. M. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, (Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1974)
4. A. J. Kosmala, Introductory Mathematical Analysis, (WCB company, 1995)
5. W. R. Parzynski and P. W. Zipse, Introduction to Mathematical Analysis, (Mc Graw
Hill company, 1982)
6. H. S. Gaskill and P. P. Narayanaswami, Elements of Real Analysis, (Printice Hall,
1988)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          34 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐308  Rings and Vector Spaces  3  VI 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

Ring Theory
• Definition and example of rings
• Special classes of rings
• Fields
• Ideals and quotient rings
• Ring homomorphisms
• Prime and maximal ideals
• Field of quotients
Vector Spaces
• Vector spaces, subspaces
• Linear combinations, linearly independent vectors
• Spanning set
• Bases and dimension of a vector space
• Homomorphism of vector spaces
• Quotient spaces
Linear Mappings
• Mappings, linear mappings
• Rank and nullity
• Linear mappings and system of linear equations
• Algebra of linear operators
• Space L( X, Y) of all linear transformations
Matrices and Linear Operators
• Matrix representation of a linear operator
• Change of basis
• Similar matrices
• Matrix and linear transformations
• Orthogonal matrices and orthogonal transformations
• Orthonormal basis and Gram Schmidt process
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
• Polynomials of matrices and linear operators
• Characteristic polynomial
• Diagonalization of matrices
Dual Spaces
• Linear functionals
• Dual space
• Dual basis
• Annihilators

Recommended Books
1. J. Rose, A Course on Group Theory, (Cambridge University Press, 1978)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          35 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

2. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, (Xerox Publishing Company, 1964)

3. G. Birkhoff and S. Maclane, A Survey of Modern Algebra, (Macmillan, New York,
1964)
4. P. B. Battacharya, S. K. Jain and S. R. Nagpaul, Basic Abstract Algebra, (Cambridge
University Press, 1986)
5. V. Sahai and V. Bist, Algebra, 2nd edition, (Narosa Publishing House, 2003)
6. W. Keith Nicholson, Elementary Linear Algebra, (PWS-Kent Publishing Company,
Boston, 2004)
7. Seymour Lipschutz, Linear Algebra, 3rd edition, (McGraw Hill Book Company, 2001)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          36 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐309  Complex Analysis – II  3  VI 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

Singularity and Poles

• Review of Laurent series
• Zeros, singularities
• Poles and residues
Contour Integration
• Cauchy’s residue theorem
• Applications of Cauchy’s residue theorem
Expansion of Functions and Analytic Continuation
• Mittag-Leffler theorem
• Weierstrass’s factorization theorem
• Analytic continuation
Elliptic Functions
• Periodic functions
• Elliptic functions and its properties
• Weierstrass function ϕ ( z )
• Differential equation satisfied by ϕ ( z )
• Integral formula for ϕ ( z )
• Addition theorem for ϕ ( z )
• Duplication formula for ϕ ( z )
• Elliptic functions in terms of Weierstrass function with the same periods
• Quasi periodic functions: The zeta and sigma functions of Weierstrass
• Jacobian elliptic functions and its properties

Recommended Books
1. H. S. Kasana, Complex Variables: Theory and Applications, (Prentice Hall, 2005)
2. M. R. Spiegel, Complex Variables, (McGraw Hill Book Company, 1974)
3. Louis L. Pennisi, Elements of Complex Variables, (Holt, Linehart and Winston, 1976)
4. W. Kaplan, Introduction to Analytic Functions, (Addison-Wesley, 1966)
5. E. D. Rainville, Special Functions, (The Macmillan Company, New York, 1965)
6. E. T. Whittaker and G. N. Watson, A Course of Modern Analysis, (Cambridge
University Press, 1958)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          37 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐310  Mechanics  3  VI 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

Non Inertial Reference Systems

• Accelerated coordinate systems and inertial forces
• Rotating coordinate systems
• Velocity and acceleration in moving system: coriolis, centripetal and transverse
acceleration
• Dynamics of a particle in a rotating coordinate system
Planar Motion of Rigid Bodies
• Introduction to rigid and elastic bodies, degrees of freedom, translations, rotations,
instantaneous axis and center of rotation, motion of the center of mass
• Euler’s theorem and Chasle’s theorem
• Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis: moments and products of inertia, hoop or
cylindrical shell, circular cylinder, spherical shell
• Parallel and perpendicular axis theorem
• Radius of gyration of various bodies
Motion of Rigid Bodies in Three Dimensions
• General motion of rigid bodies in space: Moments and products of inertia, inertia
matrix
• The momental ellipsoid and equimomental systems
• Angular momentum vector and rotational kinetic energy
• Principal axes and principal moments of inertia
• Determination of principal axes by diagonalizing the inertia matrix
Euler Equations of Motion of a Rigid Body
• Force free motion
• Free rotation of a rigid body with an axis of symmetry
• Free rotation of a rigid body with three different principal moments
• The Eulerian angles, angular velocity and kinetic energy in terms of Euler angles,
space cone
• Motion of a spinning top and gyroscopes- steady precession, sleeping top

Recommended Books
1. G. R. Fowles and G. L. Cassiday, Analytical Mechanics, 7th edition, (Thomson
Brooks/Coley, USA, 2005)
2. M. R. Spiegel, Theoratical Mechanics, (McGraw Hill Book Company, Singapore,
1980)
3. F. P. Beer and E. Russell Johnston, Jr., Vector Mechanics for Engineers –Statics and
Dynamics, (McGraw Hill Inc., 1977)
4. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, (Addison-Wesley Publisihng Co., 1980)
5. C. F. Chorlton, Text Book of Dynamics, (Ellis Horwood, 1983).

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          38 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐311  Functional Analysis‐I  3  VI 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

Metric Space
• Review of metric spaces
• Convergence in metric spaces
• Complete metric spaces
• Completeness proofs
• Dense sets and separable spaces
• No-where dense sets
• Baire category theorem
Normed Spaces
• Normed linear spaces
• Banach spaces
• Convex sets
• Quotient spaces
• Equivalent norms
• Linear operators
• Linear functionals
• Finite dimensional normed spaces
• Continuous or bounded linear operators
• Dual spaces
Inner Product Spaces
• Definition and examples
• Orthonormal sets and bases
• Annihilators, projections
• Hilbert space
• Linear functionals on Hilbert spaces
• Reflexivity of Hilbert spaces

Recommended Books
1. E. Kreyszig, Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications, (John Wiley and
Sons, 2004)
2. A. L. Brown and A. Page, Elements of Functional Analysis, (Van Nostrand Reinhold
London, 1970)
3. G. Bachman and L. Narici, Functional Analysis, (Academic Press, New York, 1966)
4. F. Riesz and B. Sz. Nagay, Functional Analysis, (Dover Publications, Inc., New York,
Ungar, 1965)
5. A. E. Taylor, Functional Analysis, (John Wiley and Sons, Toppan, 1958)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          39 
BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 

Code  Subject Title  Cr. Hrs  Semester 

MATH‐312  Ordinary Differential Equations  3  VI 
Year  Discipline 
3  Mathematics‐I,II 

First and Second Order Differential Equations

• Review of ordinary differential equations
• Techniques of solving second and higher differential equations
Sturm Liouville Systems
• Some properties of Sturm-Liouville equations
• Regular, periodic and singular Sturm-Liouville systems and its applications
Series Solutions of Second Order Linear Differential Equations
• Review of power series
• Series solution near an ordinary point
• Series solution near regular singular points.
Series Solution of Some Special Differential Equations
• Hypergeometric function F(a, b, c; x) and its evaluation
• Series solution of Bessel equation
• Expression for Jn(X) when n is half odd integer, Recurrence formulas for Jn(X)
• Series solution of Legendre equation
• Rodrigues formula for polynomial Pn(X)
• Generating function for Pn(X)
• Recurrence relations, orthogonal polynomials
• Orthogonality of Bessel functions
• Expansions of polynomials
• The three term recurrence relation

Recommended Books
1. E. D. Rainville, Special Functions (Macmillan and Company, 1971)
2. G. E. Andrews, R. Askey and R. Roy, Special Functions (Cambridge University
Press, 2000)
3. D. G. Zill, Advanced Engineering Mathematics (Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, 2005)
4. W. E. Boyce and R. C. Diprima, Elementary Differential Equations and Boundary
Value Problems (John Wiley and Sons, 2005)
5. N. M. Temme, Special Functions, An Introduction to the Classical Functions of
Mathematical Physics (John Wiley and Sons, 1996)
6. E. T. Whittaker, and G. N. Watson, A Course of Modern Analysis (Cambridge
University Press, 1958)

Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab          40 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-401 Sett Theory 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:
Cardinaliity
• Equivalent
E seets, finite andd infinite setts
• Denumerable
D e sets
• Countable
C annd uncountabble sets
• Cardinal
C nummbers, additioon and multiiplication off cardinals, Cartesian
C prooduct as sets of
fuunctions
• Different
D typees of infinityy (Cantor’s contribution)
c )
Ordinalitty
• Partially ordeered sets, Haasse diagram
ms
• Totally
T ordereed sets
• Maximal
M andd minimal eleements
• Upper
U and low wer bound
• Well-ordered
W d sets
• Transfinite
T in
nduction
• Ordinal
O numb bers
• Multiplication
M n of ordinal numbers
Axiom of Choice
• Well
W ordering g theorem
• Zorn’s
Z lemmaa
Paradoxees in Set Theeory
• Cantor’s
C paraadox, Russelll’s paradox and others.

Recomm
mended Book
ks:

• A. A.. Fraenkal, Abstract

A Set Theory, (Noorth-Hollandd Publishing,, Amsterdam
m, 1966).
• Patricck Suppes, Axiomatic
A Dover Publiccations, Inc., New York, 1972).
Seet Theory, (D
• P. R. Halmos, Naaive Set Theory, (Van Nostrand,
N New w York, 19660).
• B. Rootman and G.G T. Kneebbone, The Thheory of Setts and Transsfinite Numbbers, (Oldboourne,
Londdon, 1968).
• Dougglas Smith, Maurice EggenE and Richard St. Andre: A Transitioon to Advaanced
Mathhematics, (Brrooks/Cole, 2001).
 

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-402 Partial Diffeerential Equaations 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Introducttion
• Review
R of orddinary differrential equattion in more than one vaariables
• Linear
L partiall differentiall equations (P
PDEs) of thee first order
• Cauchy’s
C pro
oblem for quasilinear firsst order PDE Es
PDEs of Second Ordder
• PDEs of seco t indepenndent variabbles with variable coefficcients
ond order in two
• Linear
L transfo
ormation froom one equaation to anothher equationn
• Normal
N form
• Cauchy’s
C pro
oblem for seccond order PD
P Es in twoo independennt variables
Adjoint Equation
E
• Adjoint
A operaator
• Self adjoint equation
e and operator
• Linear
L PDEs in n indepenndent variables
• Lagrange’s
L id
dentity
• Green’s
G theorrem for self adjoint operrator
Boundaryy Value Probblems
• Laplace
L equaation
• Dirichlet
D probblem for a ciircle
• Poisson’s inteegral for a ciircle
• Solution of Laplace
L equattion in Carteesian, cylinddrical and sphherical coorddinates
• The
T wave equ uation in onee dimension
• The
T wave equ uation in higgher dimensiions
• The
T heat equaation
• Axially
A symm metric solutioons

 
 

Recommended Books:

• I. N. Sneddon, Elements of Partial Differential Equations (Dover Publishing, Inc., 2006)

• R. Dennemyer, Introduction to Partial Differential Equations and Boundary Value Problems
(McGraw Hill Book Company, 1968)
• M. Humi and W. B. Miller, Boundary Value Problem and Partial Differential Equations
(PWS-Kent Publishing Company, Boston, 1991)
• C. R. Chester, Techniques in Partial Differential Equations (McGraw Hill Book Company,
1971)
• R. Haberman, Elementary Applied Partial Differential Equations, 2nd edition (Prentice Hall
Inc., New Jersey, 1987)
• E. Zauderer, Partial Differential Equations of Applied Mathematics (Wiley-Interscience,
Englewood Cliff, New York, 2006)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-403 Numericcal Analysis - I 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Number Systems andd Errors

• Round
R off errrors and com
mputer arithm
metic
• Error
E estimatiion
• Floating poinnt arithmetic

Solutionn of Non-Lin
near Equationns
• Itterative meth
hods and connvergence: Bisection
B meethod, fixed point iteratiive method,
R
Regula Falsi, Secant and Newton’s method
m

Systems of Linear Eq
quations

• Direct method
D ds: Gaussiann eliminationn method, Gauss-Jordan
G method, maatrix inversioon
• m
method, facto
orization (Dooolittle, Crouut and Choleesky) methodd and its varrious forms
• Itterative methhods and connvergence: Gauss-Jacobi
G i method andd Gauss-Seiddel method
• Illl-condition system and condition
c nuumber
• E
Eigen values and eigenveectors
• P
Power and Rayleigh
R quootient methood

Interpolaation and Pollynomial Appproximationn

• Difference op
D perators
• Innterpolation with unequaal intervals: Lagrange’s interpolationn formula, Newton’s
N divvided
difference forrmula, error in polynomiial interpolattion
• Innterpolation with equal intervals:
i Grregory Newton forward/bbackward innterpolation
foormula, errorr in polynommial interpolation
• C
Central differrence interpoolation formuulae: Gauss’’s forwar d/bbackward intterpolation
foormula, Stirlling’s formuula, Laplace Everett’s foormula, Bessel’s formulaa

 
 

Recommended Books:

• Curtis F. Gerald and Patrick O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, 6th edition,
(Addison-Wesley Pearson Education, 2003)
• Richard L. Burden and J. Douglas Faires, Numerical Analysis, 6th edition, (Brooks/Cole
Publishing Company,1997)
• John H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics, 3rd edition (Prentice Hall
International, 2003)
• V. N. Vedamurthy and N. Ch. S. N. Iyenger, Numerical Methods, (Vikas Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd, 2002)
• Steven C. Chapra and Raymond P. Canale, Numerical Methods for Engineers, 3rd edition,
(McGraw Hill International Edition, 1998)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-404 Mathematical Statisticcs-I 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Probabiliity Distributiions

• The postulatees of probabiility

T
• Some elemen ntary theoremms
• A
Addition and multiplicatiion rules
• B
Baye’s rule annd future Baaye’s theorem m
• R
Random variaables and proobability funnctions.

Discrete Probability Distributionns

• Uniform,
U Berrnoulli and Binomial
B disstribution
• Hypergeomet
H tric and geommetric distribbution
• Negative
N bino
omial and Pooisson distribbution

Continuoous Probabiliity Distributtions

• Uniform
U and exponential distributionn
• Gamma
G and beta
b distribuutions
• Normal
N distriibution

Mathemaatical Expecttations
• Moments
M and
d moment generating
g fuunctions
• Moments
M of binomial,
b hyypergeometriic, Poisson, gamma,
g betaa and normaal distributionns

Recomm
mended Book
ks:

• J. E. Freund,
F Matthematical Statistics,
S (Prrentice Hall Inc.,
I 1992)
• Hoggg and Craig, Introduction to Mathem matical Statisstics , (Collieer Macmillaan, 1958)
• Moodd, Greyill an
nd Boes, Intrroduction to the Theory of o Statistics,, (McGraw Hill)
H
rd
• R. E.
E Walpole, Introductionn to Statisttics, 3 ediition, (Macm millan Publishing Com mpany
Londdon, 1982)
• M. R.
R Spiegel and w Hill Book Company, 1984)
d L. J. Stephhens, Statistiics, (McGraw 1

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-405 Fortran Programmin
ng 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Simple Fortran
F 90 Prrograms
• Writing a pro
W ogram
• Innput statemeent
• Some FORTR RAN 90 proggram exampples
Numeric Constants and
a Variables
• Constants
C
• Scalar variablles
• Declaring
D varriable namess
• Im mplicit declaaration
• Named
N constaants
Arithmettic Expressioons
• Arithmetic
A op
perators and modes of exxpressions
• Innteger expressions
• Real
R expressiions
• Procedure of operations in expressionns
• Assignment
A statements
s
• Defining
D variiables
• Mixed
M mode expressions
• Inntrinsic funcctions
Conditionnal Statemennts
• Relational
R op
perators
• The
T block if construct
c
• Example
E prog
grams using if structuress
Implementing Loopss in Programms
• The
T block do loop
• Count
C controllled do loop
Logical Expressions
E and More Control
C Statemments
• Logical
L consttants, variablles and exprressions
• Precedence ru ules for logiccal operatorss
• The
T case stateement
 

 
 

Functions and Subroutines

• Function subprograms
• Syntax rules for function subprograms
• Generic functions
• Subroutines

Defining and Manipulating Arrays

• Arrays variables
• Use of multiple subscripts
• Do type notation for input/output statements
• Initializing arrays
• Use of arrays in do loops
• Whole array operations

Elementary Format Specifications

• Format description for numerical data; read statement
• Format description for print statement
• Multi-record formats
• Printing character strings

Recommended Books:

• Michel Metcalf, John Reid and Malcolm Cohen, Fortran 95/2003 Explained, (Oxford
University Press, 2004)
• V. Rajaraman, Computer Programming in Fortran 90 and 95, (Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 1999)
• Larry Nyhoff and Sanford Leestma, Fortran 90 for Engineers and Scientists , (Prentice Hall,
1997)
• Stephen J. Chapman, Introduction to Fortran 90/95, (Mc Graw-Hill International Edition,
1998)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-406 Group
p Theory - II 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Automorrphisms and Products in Groups

• Characteristic
C c and fully innvariant subgroups
• Normal
N produ
ucts of groupps
• Holomorph
H of
o a group
Permutattion Groups
• Symmetric orr permutation group
• Permutability y of permutations
• Transposions
T s
• Generators
G off the symmetric and alterrnating grouup
• Cyclic
C permuutations and orbits,
o the allternating grroup
• Generators
G off the symmetric c and altternating grooups
• Simplicity off A, n 5
• The
T stabiliserr subgroups

Series in Groups
• Series in grouups
• Zassenhaus
Z leemma
• Normal
N seriess and their reefinements
• Composition
C series

Recomm
mended Book
ks:

• J. Rotman, The Theory

T of Grroups, 2nd eddition, (Allyyn and Baconn, London, 1978)
1
• J. B. Fraleigh, A First Coursee in Abstractt Algebra, 7th edition, (A
Addison-Weeseley Publisshing
Co., 2003)
2
• I. N. Herstein, To
opics in Algeebra, (Xeroxx Publishing Company Mass,
M 1972)
• J. A. Gallian, Conntemporary Abstract Alggebra, 4th eddition, (Naroosa Publisherrs, 1998)
• J. S. Rose,
R A Couurse on Grouup Theory, (D Dover Publiications, New w York, 19994)
nd
• K. Hooffman, Lineear Algebra,, 2 edition, (Prentice Hall,
H 1971)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-407 Rin
ng Theory 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Ring Theeory

• Construction
C of new rings
• Direct
D sums, polynomial rings
• Matrix
M rings
• Divisors,
D unitts and associiates
• Unique
U factorrisation dom
mains
• Principal ideaal domains anda Euclideaan domains
Field Exttensions

• Algebraic and
A d transcendeental elementts
• D
Degree of exttension
• A
Algebraic exttensions
• R
Reducible andd irreduciblee polynomiaals
• R
Roots of poly
ynomials

mended Book
Recomm ks:

• I. N. Herstein, Topics in Alggebra, (Xeroxx Publishingg Company Mass,

M 1972)
• B. Haartley and T. O. Hauvkes, Rings, Moodules and Linear
L Algebbra, (Chapmaann and Hall
• Ltd., London, 19770)
• R. B. Allenly, Rin
ngs, Fields and
a Groups:A An Introducction to Absttract Algebraa, (Edward
• Arnold, 1985)
• J. Rose, A Course on Rings Theory,
T (Cam
mbridge Uniiversity Presss, 1978)
• G. Biirkhoff and S.
S Maclane, A Survey off Modern Allgebra, (Maccmillan, New w York, 19644)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-408 Numb
ber Theory-I 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Congruennces

• Elementary
E properties
p of prime numbbers
• Residue
R classses and Eulerr’s function
• Linear
L congruuences and congruences
c of higher deegree
• Congruences
C with prime moduli
• The
T theoremss of Fermat, Euler and Wilson W
Numbber-Theoretiic Functionss
• Möbius
M functtion
• The
T function [x], the sym mbols O and their
t basic properties
p
Primiitive roots an
nd indices
• Inntegers belon nging to a given
g exponeent
• Composite
C moduli,
m primitive roots modulo
m a prim
me
• Determination
D n of integerss having prim
mitive roots indices

Recomm
mended Book
ks:

• W. J. Leveque, Topics
T in Nummber Theoryy, (Vols. I annd II, Addisoon-Wesley Publishing
P
• Co., 1956)
• Tom M. Apostol,, Introductioon to Analytiic Number thheory, (Sprinnger Internattional,1998)
• Davidd M. Burton n, Elementaryy Number Theory,
T 6th edition, (McG Graw Hill Coompany,20007)
• A. Anndrew, The Theory
T of Numbers,
N (Jones and Barlett Publisheers London, 1995)
• Harryy Pollard, Th
he Theory off Algebraic Numbers
N , (JJohn Wiley and
a Sons, Innc, 1950)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-409 Quantum
m Mechanicss-I 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Inadequaacy of Classiical Mechaniics

• Black body raadiation

B
• Photoelectric effect
• C
Compton effeect
• B
Bohr’s theory
y of atomic structure
s
• W
Wave-particlee duality
• T de Broglie postulate
The
• H
Heisenberg uncertainty
u principle

The Posttulates of Qu
uantum Mechhanics: Operrators, Eigennfunctions annd Eigenvaluues
• Observables
O and
a operatorrs
• Measurement
M t in quantum
m mechanics
• The
T state funcction and exxpectation vaalues
• Time
T develop
pment of the state f unctiion (Schrödiinger wave equation)
e
• Solution to th he initial-valuue problem in quantum mechanics
m
• Parity operato ors

Preparatoory Concepts: Function Spaces

S and Hermitian
H O
Operators

• Particle in a box
b
• Dirac
D notation
n
• Hilbert
H space
• Hermitian
H operators
• Properties of Hermitian operators
o
Additionnal One-Dim
mensional Prooblems: Bouund and Unboound States

• General propeerties of the 1-di mensioonal Schrodinnger equatioon

G
• U
Unbound stattes
• O
One-dimensio onal barrier problems
p
• T rectangullar barrier: Tunneling
The T

 
 

Recommended Books:

• H. D. Dehmen, the Picture Book of Quantum Mechanics (Springer, 2001).

• H. F. Hameka, Quantum Mechanics: A Conceptual Approach (Wiley-IEEE, 2004).
• R. L. Liboff, Introductory Quantum Mechanics (Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 2003).
• V. K. Thankappan, Quantum Mechanics (New Age Publishers, 1993).
• D. R. Bès, Quantum Mechanics: A Modern and Concise Introductory Course (Springer,
2004).

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-410 Analytical Dynamiccs 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Lagrangee’s Theory of
o Holonomicc Systems

• Generalized coordinates
G c
• H
Holonomic annd non-holonomic system ms
• D
D’Alembert’s s principl e, d-delta rule
• L
Lagrange equuations
• G
Generalizatioon of Lagrange equationss
• Q
Quasi-coordin nates
• L
Lagrange equuations in quuasi-coordinnates
• First integralss of Lagran ge
g equationss of motion
• E
Energy integrral

Hamiltonn’s Theory
• Hamilton’s
H prrinciple
• Generalized
G momenta
m andd phase spacce
• Hamilton’s
H eqquations
• Iggnorable coo ordinates, Routhian
R funcction
• Derivation
D off Hamilton’ss equations from
fr avariatiional principple
• The
T principlee of least actiion
Lagrangee’s Theory of
o Non-Holonnomic Systeems
• Lagrange
L equ
uations for noon-holonom
mic systems with
w and withhout Lagrannge multiplieers
• Hamilton’s
H Principle for non-holonom
n mic systems

Canonicaal Transform
mations
• The
T equations of canonical transform mations
• Examples
E of canonical traansformationns
• The
T Lagrangee and Poissoon brackets
• Equations
E of motion, infinnitesimal caanonical trannsformations and conservvation theoreems
inn the Poisson
n bracket forrmulation

 
 

Hamilton-Jacobi Theory

• The Hamilton-Jacobi equation for Hamilton’s principal function

• The harmonic oscillator problem as an example of the Hamilton-Jacobi method
• The Hamilton-Jacobi equation for Ha milton’s characteristic function
• Separation of variables in the Hamilton-Jacobi equation

Recommended Books:

• D. T. Greenwood, Classical Dynamics (Dover, 1997).

• F. Chorlton, Chorlton Text Book of Dynamics (Ellis Horwood, 1983).
• H. Goldstein, C. P. Poole and J. L. Safko, Classical Mechanics (Addison-Wesley Publishing
Co., 2003).
• S. D. Lindenbaum, Analytical Dynamics: Course Notes (World Scientific, 1994).
• E. J. Saleton and J. V. José, Classical Dynamics: A Contemporary Approach (Cambridge,
• 1998).
• J. B. Marion and S. T. Thornton, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems (Thomson
• Learning, 2003).

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-411 Electromaggnetic Theorry - I 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Electrosttatic Fields
• Coulomb’s
C laaw, the electrric fi eld inteensity and pootential
• Gauss’s
G law and
a deductioons, Poi ssonn and Laplacce equations
• Conductors
C and
a condenseers
• Dipoles,
D the linear
l quadruupole
• Potential enerrgy of a charrge distribution, Dielectrrics
• The
T polarizattion and the displacemennt vectors
• General
G soluttions of Lapllace’s equatiion
• Solutions of Laplace’s
L eqquati on in sppherical coorrdinates
• Legendre’s
L eqquation, Le gendre’s
g pollynomials

Magnetostatic Fieldss
• The
T Magneto ostatic law off force
• The
T magneticc induction
• The
T Lorentz forcef on a pooint charge moving
m in a magnetic fieeld
• The
T divergen nce of the maagnetic field
• The
T vector po otential
• The
T conservaation of chargge and the equation
e of continuity
c
• The
T Lorentz condition
c
• The
T curl of th he magnetic field
• Ampere’s
A law
w and the scaalar potentiaal

Steady annd Slowly Varying

V Currrents
• Electric
E curreent, linear coonductors
• Conductivity,
C , resistance
• Kirchhoff’s
K laaws
• Current
C densiity vector
• Magnetic
M fielld of straightt and circulaar current
• Magnetic
M fluxx, vector pottential
• Forces on a circuit in maggnetic field

 
 

Recommended Books:

• G. E. Owen, Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory (Dover, 2003).

• D. Corrison and P. Lorrison, Introduction to Electroma gnetic Fields and Waves
(W.H.Freeman and Company, London, 1962).
• J. R. Reitz, F. J. Milford and R. W. Christy, Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory
(Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1993).
• J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley, 1999).
• D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics (Prentice-Hall, 1999).

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-412 Operations Research - I 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Linear Prrogramming
g

• Linear prograamming, form

L mulations annd graphical solution
• Simplex meth hod
• M
M-Technique e and two-phhase techniquue
• Special cases
• D
Duality and Sensitivity
S A
Analysis
• T dual prob
The blem, primall-dual relatioonships
• D simplex
Dual x method
• Sensitivity an
nd postoptim
mal analysis

Transporrtation Modeels
• North-West
N corner
c
• Least-Cost
L an
nd Vogel’s approximatio
a ons methods
• The
T method of o multiplierrs
• The
T assignmeent model
• The
T transhipm ment model
• Network
N min
nimization

Recomm
mended Book
ks:

• Hamddy A. Taha, Operations Research - An A Introducction , (Macm

millan Publisshing Company
• Inc., New
N York, 1987)
• B. E. Gillett, Intrroduction to Operations Research , (Tata
( McGraaw Hill Publlishing Com
mpany
Ltd., New Delhi)
• F. S. Hillier and G. J. Liebraaman, Operrations Reseearch, (CBS Publishers and Distribuutors,
New Delhi, 1974 4)
• C. M.
M Harvey, Op perations Reesearch, (North Holland,, New Delhi, 1979)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-413 Theorry of Approxximation and
d Splines - I 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Euclideann Geometry

• Basic
B concepts of Euclideean geometrry
• Scalar and veector functionns
• Barycentric
B coordinates
c
• Convex
C hull, matrices of affine maps: translation, rotation, scaling, reflection and shhear
Approximmation usingg Polynomiaals
• Curve
C Fitting
g : Least squaares line fittiing, least squuare s powerr fit, data linnearization
m
method for exxponential fuunctions, nonnlinear leastt-squares meethod for expponential
fuunctions, tran
nsformationns for data linnearization, linear least squares,
s polyynomial fittiing

• Innterpolation : Basic conncepts of inteerpolation, Lagrange’s

L m
method, errorr terms and error
e
bounds of Lagrange’s meethod, divideed differences method, NewtonN polyynomials, errror
teerms and error bounds off Newton poolynomials, central
c differrence interpoolation formmulae;
G
Gauss’s forward interpolaation formulla, Gauss’ s backward
b innterpolation formula,
f
H
Hermite’s meethods.

mended Book
Recomm ks:

• Davidd A. Brannaan, Geometryy, (Cambridgge Universityy Press, 19999).

• Geralld Farin, Currves and Surrfaces for Coomputer Aidded Geometrric Design: A Practical
• Guide, 5th editionn, (Academiic Press. Inc., 2002).
• Richaard H. Barteels, John C. Bealty,
B and John C. Beaatty, An Intrroduction to Spline for use
u in
Compputer Graphiics and Geom metric Modeeling, (Morggan Kaufmannn Publisherr 2006).
• John H. Mathew ws, Numericcal Methodss for Matheematics, Sciience and Engineering,
E , 2nd
Editioon (Prentice-Hall Internaational Editiions, 1992).
• Steveen C. Chaprra and Raym mond P. Cannale, Numerrical Methodds for Enginneers 3rd eddition,
(McGGraw Hill Intternational Edition,
E 19988).

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-414 Function
nal Analysis - II 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Compactt Normed Sp
paces
• Completion of
C o metric spaaces
• C
Completion of
o normed sppaces
• C
Compactifica
ation
• N
Nowhere and
d everywheree dense sets and categoryy
• G
Generated subbspaces and closed subsspaces
• Factor Spacess
• C
Completeness s in the factoor spaces

Completee Orthonorm
mal set

• Complete orth
C honormal seets
• T
Total orthonoormal sets
• Parseval’s ideentity
• B
Bessel’s ineq
quality

The Speccific geometrry of Hilbertt Spaces

• Hilbert spaces
H
• B
Bases of Hilb
bert spaces
• C
Cardinality off Hilbert spaces
• L
Linear manifoolds and subbspaces
• O
Othogonal su
ubspaces of Hilbert
H spacees
• Polynomial bases
b in 2L sppaces

 
 

Recommended Books:

• G. Bachman and L. Narici, Functional Analysis, (Academic Press, New York, 1966)
• A. E. Taylor, Functional Analysis, (John Wiley and Sons, Toppan, 1958)
• Helmberg, Introduction to Spectral theory in Hilbert spaces , (North Holland Publishing
Company, 1969)
• E. Kreyszig, Introduction to Functional A nalysis with Applications, (John Wiley and Sons,
• 2004)
• F. Riesz and B. Sz. Nagay, Functional Analysis, (Dover Publications, Inc., New York,
Ungar, 1965)
• W. Rudin, Functional Analysis, 2nd edition, (McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1991)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-415 Fluid Mechanics-I
M 3 VII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Conservaation of Mattter
• Inntroduction
• Fields and continuum conncepts
• L
Lagrangian annd Eulerian specificationns
• L
Local, convecctive and tottal rates of chhange
• C
Conservation n of mass
• E
Equation of continuity
c
• B
Boundary connditions

Nature off Forces in a Fluid Fieldd and their Efffects

• Surface and body
b forces
• Stress at a point
• V
Viscosity and
d Newt on’s viscosity laww
• V
Viscous and inviscid
i flowws
• L
Laminar and turbulent floows
• C
Compressible e and incomppressible flows

Irrotationnal Fluid Mo
otion
• Velocity poteential from an
V a irrotationaal velocity field
• Streamlines
• V
Vortex lines and
a vortex sheets
• K
Kelvin’s miniimum energy theorem
• C
Conservationn of linear moomentum
• B
Bernoulli’s th
heorem and its i applicatioons
• C
Circulations, rate of channge of circulaation (Kelvinn’s theorem))
• A
Aaxially symmmetric motioon
• Stokes’s streaam function

 
 

Two-dimensional Motion
• Stream function
• Complex potential and complex velocity, Uniform flows
• Sources, sinks and vortex flows
• Flow in a sector
• Flow around a sharp edge, Flow due to a doublet

Recommended Books:

• H. Schlichting, K. Gersten, E. Krause and H. Oertel, Jr.: Boundary-Layer Theory, 8th

edition (Springer, 2004).
• Yith Chia-Shun: Fluid Mechanics (McGraw Hill, 1974).
• I. L. Distsworth: Fluid Mechanics (McGraw Hill, 1972).
• F. M. White: Fluid Mechanics (McGraw Hill, 2003).
• I. G. Curie: Fundamentals of Mechanics of Fluids, Third edition (CRC, 2002).
• R. W. Fox, A. T. McDonald and P. J. Pritchard: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (John
Wiley and Sons, 2003).

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-416 Measu
ure Theory an
nd Lebesguee Integration 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Measurabble Sets

• Outer
O measurre, Lebesguee measure
• Lebesgue
L measurable setss
• Borel
B sets
• Non
N measuraable sets
Measurabble Function
ns

• Lebesgue
L measurable funnctions
• Simple functiions, charactteristic functtions
• Borel
B measurrable functioon
• Littlewood
L th
hree principlee
The Lebssegue Integration

• Review of thee Riemann inntegral

R
• L
Lebsegue inteegral
• Inntegral of a non
n negativee function
• Inntegral of meeasurable fuunctions
• C
Convergence in measure

mended Book
Recomm ks:

• D. Smmith, M. Eg
ggen and R. St. Andre, A Transitionn to Advancced Mathem matics, (Brooks,
2001))
• Seym
mour Lipshcu utz, Set Theeory and Related Topics,, (Mc-Graw
w Hill Book Company,
C 19999)
• H. L. Royden, Reeal Analysis, (Macmillamm, 1968)
• D. L. Cohan, Meeasure Theorry, (Bir Khauuser, 1980)
• P.R. Halmos,
H Meeasure Theorry, (Von Nosstrand, New York, 1950))

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-417 M
Methods of Mathematical
M Physics 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:
Fourier Methods
M
• The
T Fourier trransform
• Fourier analy ysis of generralized functtions
• The
T Laplace transform
t
• Hankel
H transfforms for thee solution off PDE and thheir applicatiion to bounddary value
prroblems
Green’s Functions
F an
nd Transform m Methods
• Expansion
E for Green’s fuunctions
• Transform
T meethods
• Closed
C form Green’s
G funcctions
Perturbattion Techniq
ques
• Perturbation methods
m for algebraic eqquations
• Perturbation methods
m for differential equations
Variationnal Methods
• Euler-Lagran
E nge equationss
• Inntegrand invvolving one, two, three and
a n variablles
• Special cases of Euler-Laagranges equuations
• Necessary
N conditions for existence off an extremuum of a functtional
• Constrained
C maxima
m and minima

Recomm
mended Book
ks:

• D. L.
L Powers, Boundary
B V
Value Probleems and Parrtial Differeential Equatiions, 5th eddition
(Acaddemic Press, 2005)
• W. E.
E Boyce, Eleementary Diffferential Eqquations, 8thh edition, (Joohn Wiley annd Sons, 20005)
• M. L. Krasnov, G.G I. Makarennko and A. I. I Kiselev, Problems
P andd Exercises in
i the Calcullus of
Variaations, (Impoorted Publicaations, Inc., 1985)
• J. W.. Brown and d R. V. Chuurchill, Fourrier Series annd Boundary Value Prooblems (McG Graw
Hill, 2006)
• A. D.. Snider, Parrtial Differenntial Equati ons:
o Sourcess and Solutioons (Prenticee Hall Inc., 1999)
1

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-418 Numerical Analysis - II 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Numerical Differentiiation

• Derivatives using:
D u Lagrannge’s interpoolation form
mula, Newtonn’s divided difference
d
foormula, Greggory Newtonn forward/baackward inteerpolation foormula, Gausss’s forward /
backward
• innterpolation formula, Stiirling’s form
mula, Laplacee Everett’s formula,
fo Bessel’s formula

Numerical Integratio
on

• Newton-Cotees formulae
N
• T
Trapezoidal rule,
r Simpson rule, Wedddle’s rule, Boole’s
B rule
• E
Errors in quaddrature form
mulae
• G
Gaussian quaadrature form
mulae

Formulattion of Diffeerence Equattions

• Analogy of difference equuations

A
• L
Linear homoggeneous diffference equaations with coonstant coeffficients
• L
Linear non-ho
omogeneouss difference equations with constant coefficients

Ordinaryy Differentiall Equations

• Inntroduction tot ODEs

• T
Taylor’s seriees method: Simultaneous
S s first orderr differential equations, higher
h order
differential eq quations
• E
Euler’s, improved Euler’ss, modified Euler’s
E and Runge-Kuttta methods with w error
annalysis
• Predictor-corrrector methoods for solving initial vaalue problemms

 
 

Recommended Books:

• Curtis F. Gerald and Patrick O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, 6th edition,
(Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. Pearson Education, 2003)
• Richard L. Burden and J. Douglas Faires, Numerical Analysis , 6th edition, (Brooks/Cole
• Publishing Company,1997)
• John H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics, Science and Engineering, 3rd edition
(Prentice Hall International, 2003)
• V. N. Vedamurthy and N. Ch. S. N. Iyenger, Numerical Methods , (Vikas Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd, 2002)
• Steven C. Chapra and Raymond P. Canale, Numerical Methods for Engineers 3rd edition,
• (McGraw Hill International Edition, 1998)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-419 Mathematiical Statisticss - II 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:
Functionns of Random
m Variables
• Distribution
D function
f techhnique
• Transformatio
T on techniquee: One variaable, several variables
• Moment-gene
M erating functtion techniquue

Samplingg Distributio
ons

• The distributiion of the meean

T
• T distributiion of the m ean: Finite populations
The p
• T Chi-Squaare distributiion.
The
• T t distrib
The bution
• T F distrib
The bution
Regressioon and Correelation
• Linear regression
L
• T methods of least squaares
The
• N
Normal regreession analyssis
• N
Normal correelation analysis
• M
Multiple lineaar regressionn
• M
Multiple lineaar regressionn (matrix nottation)

mended Book
Recomm ks:

• J. E. Freund,
F Matthematical Statistics,
S (Prrentice- Halll Inc., 1992)..
• Hoggg and Craig, Introductionn to Mathem ma tical Statisstics, (Collieer Macmillann, 1958).
• Moodd, Greyill an
nd Boes, Intrroduction to the Theory of o Statistics,, (McGraw Hill).
H
• R. E. Walpole, Introductioon to Statisttics, 3rd eddition, (Macm millan Publlishing Com
mpany
Londdon, 1982)
• M. R.
R Spiegel, L.. J. Stephenss, Statistics, (McGraw
( H Book Com
Hill mpany, 19844)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-421 Computeer Applicatioons 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Flow Chaart, Algorith

hm and Progrramming of the followinng Numericaal Methods
• System of lin near equationns Jacobi’s iterative meethod, Gausss-Seidel metthod
• Solutions of non-linear
n eqquations
• Bisection
B metthod, Newtoon-Raphson method,
m Seccant method,, Regula Falssi method
• Innterpolation Langrage innterpolation, Newton’s divided andd forward diffference
innterpolation
• Numerical
N inttegration:
• Rectangular
R rule,
r Trapezooidal rule, Si
S mpson’s ruule, Booles rule,r Weddlees rule
• Differential
D equations:
e
E
Euler’s metho od, Runge- Kutta
K methods, predictorr-corrector methods
m
• Mathematica
M a
• Inntroduction ofo mathemattica, num eriical calculatiions, algebraaic calculatiions, symbollic
annd numericaal mathematiics, numberss, mathematii cal functionns, algebraicc manipulatioons,
m
manipulating equations, series,
s limitss and residuees, linear alggebra, graphss

Recomm
mended Book
ks:

• Michhel Metcalf, John Reidd and Malccolm Cohenn, Fortran 95/2003

9 Expplained, (Oxxford
University Press, 2004)
• Stephhen Wolfram
m, The Matheematica, 3rdd edition, (Caambridge Unniversity Preess 1996)
• V. Rajaraman, Computer
C Proogramming in Fortran 909 and 95, (Prentice
( Haall of India, New
Delhii, 1999)
• Romaan E. Maed der, Compuuter Science with Mathhematics, (C Cambridge University
U P
Press,
2000))
• Marthha L. Abell,, James P. Braselton,
B T Mathemaatica Handbbook , (Acaddemic Press Inc.,
The
1992))

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-422 Group Theory - IIII 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Solvable Groups
G

• Solvable grou
ups, definitioon and exam
mples
• T
Theorems on solvable grooups
• Super-solvable groups
Nilpotent Groups

• Characterisation of fin itee nilpotent grroups

C
• U
Upper and lowwer central series
s
• Frattini subgrroups, free groups,
g basicc theorems
• D
Definition an
nd examples of free produucts of groupps
Linear Grroups

• Linear groupss, types of linear groups

L
• R
Representatioon of linear groups
g
• G
Group algebrras and repreesentation moodules

Recommeended Bookss:

• J. Rotman, The Theory

T of Grroups , 2nd edition,
e (Allyyn and Baconn, London, 1978)
1
• J. B. Fraleigh, A First Coursse in Abstracct Algebra, 7th edition, (Addison-W Wesley Publisshing
Co., 2003)
2
• H. Marshall,
M Thee Theory of Groups,
G (Maacmillan, 19667)
• J. A. Gallian, Coontemporaryy Abstract Allgebra , 4th edition,
e (Naroosa 1998)
• J. S. Rose,
R A Course on Grouup Theory , (Dover Publications, Neew York, 19994)
• K. Hooffman, Lineear Algebra,, 2nd edition, (Prentice Hall,
H 1971)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-423 Theoryy of Moduless 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Modules
• Definition
D an
nd examples
• Submodules
• Homomorphi
H isms
• Quotient
Q moddules
• Direct
D sums of
o modules.
• Finitely generrated modules
• Torsion
T moduules
• Free moduless
• Basis,
B rank an
nd endomorpphisms of freee modules
• Matrices
M overr rings and thheir connecttion with thee basis of a free
fr module
• A module as the direct suum of a free and a torsionn module

Recomm
mended Book
ks:

• J. Rotman, The Theory

T of Grroups , 2nd edition,
e (Alllyn and Bacoon, London, 1978)
• J. B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstracct Algebra, 7th
7 edition, (A Addison-Weeseley Publishing
Co., 2003)
2
• H. Marshall,
M Thee Theory of Groups,
G (Maacmillan, 19667).
• J. A. Gallian, Conntemporary Abstract Alggebra, 4th eddition, (Naroosa Publisihnng House, 19998)
• J. S. Rose,
R A Course on Grouup Theory , (Dover Publications, Neew York, 19994)
• K. Hooffman, Lineear Algebra,, 2nd editionn, (Prentice Hall,
H 1971)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-424 Numbeer Theory - III 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Quadratic Residues
• Composite
C moduli,
m Legenndre symboll
• Law
L of quadrratic reciproccity
• The
T Jacobi syymbol
• Diophantine
D Equations
E
• Equations
E andd Fermat’s conjecture
c foor n = 2, n = 4
Algebraic Number Theory
T
• Polynomials over o a field
• D
Divisibility properties of polynomialss
• G
Gauss’s lemm ma
• T Einstein irreducibilityy criterion
The
• Symmetric po olynomials
• E
Extensions off a field
• A
Algebraic andd transcendeental numberrs
• B
Bases and finnite extensionns, propertiees of finite exxtensions
• C
Conjugates an
nd discriminnants
• A
Algebraic inteegers in a quuadratic fieldd, integral baases
• U
Units and prim mes in a quadratic fieldd
• Iddeals, arithm
metic of idealls in an algeebraic numbeer field
• T norm of an
The a ideal, prim me ideals, unnits of algebbraic numberr field

Recomm
mended Book
ks:
• W. J.. Leveque, Topics
T in Number Theoory, Vols. I and II (Adddison-Wesleyy Publishingg Co.
Publiishing Co., 1956)
1
• Tom M. Apostoll, Introductiion to Analyytic Numberr Theory, (S Springer Inteernational, 1998)
1
50
• Davidd M. Burton n, Elementaryy Number Theory,
T 6th eddition, (McG
Graw Hill Coompany, 20007)
• A. Anndrew, The Theory of Numbers,
N (Joones and Barrlett Publishers London, 1995)
• Harryy Pollard, The
T Theory of o Algebraic Numbers , (John
( Wiley and Sons, 1950)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-425 Quantum
m Mechanics - II 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Harmonicc Oscillator an
nd Problems in
i Three-Dim
mensions

• The
T harmonicc oscillator
• Eigenfunction
E ns of the harrmonic oscilllator
• The
T harmonicc oscillator in momentum m space
• Motion
M in thrree dimensioons
• Spherically syymmetric poote ntial and the hydrogeen atom
Angular Momentum
• Basic propertiees
B
• E
Eigenvalues off the angular momentum
m o
operators
• E
Eigenfunctions s of the orbitaal angular moomentum opeerators L2 andd Lz
• C
Commutation relations
r betw
ween componnents of angullar momentum m and their representation in
i
sppherical polarr coordinates
Scatteering Theory
T scattering cross-sectionn
• The
• Scattering amp plitude
• Scattering equation
• Born
B approxim
mation
• Partial wave an nalysis
Perturrbation Theorry
• Time
T independdent perturbattion of no n-ddegenerate andd degenerate cases
• Time-depende
T nt perturbatioons

Recommeended Bookss:

• R. L. Liboff, Introductory Quuantum Mechanics (Adddison-Wesleey Publishingg, 2003)

• H. D.. Dehmen, The
T Picture Book
B of Quaantum Mechaanics (Sprinnger, 2001)
• H. F. Hameka, Quantum Mecchanics: A Conceptual
C A
Approach (W
Wiley-IEEE, 2004)
• V. K..Thankappan n, Quantum Mechanics (New
( Age Publishers,
P 19993).
• D. R.. Bès, Quanntum Mechannics: A Moddern and Conncise Introduuctory Coursse (Springer,
• 2004))

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-426 Special Theeory of Relattivity 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Introductiion
• Fuundamental concepts
c
• Derivation
D of Special
S Relatiivity
• Einstein’s
E formmulation of sppecial relativitty
• The
T Lorentz trransformationn
• Length
L contracction, time dillation and sim
multaneity
• The
T velocity ad ddition formuulae
• Three
T dimensional Lorentz transformatioons
The Four--Vector Form
mulation of Sppecial Relativiity
• The
T four-vecto or formalism
• The
T Lorentz trransformationns in 4-vectorss
• The
T Lorentz an nd Poincare groups
g
• The
T null cone structure
• Prroper time
Applicatioons of Speciaal Relativity
• Relativistic
R kin
nematics
• The
T Doppler sh hift in relativiity
• The
T Compton effect
• Particle scatterring
• Binding
B energyy, particle prooduc tion andd particle decaay
Electromaagnetism in Special
S Relativvity
• Review
R of elecctromagnetism
m
• The
T electric an nd magnetic field
fi intensitiees
• The
T electric cu urrent
• Maxwell’s
M equuations and ellectromagnetiic waves
• The
T four-vecto or formulationn of Maxwell’s equations

Recommeended Bookss:
• M. Saaleem and M.M Rafique, Special
S Relaativity (Ellis Horwood, 1992)
• W. G.
G V. Rosser,, Introductorry Special Reelativity (Taaylor & Franncis, 1991)
• W. Ringler,
R Intro
oduction to Special
S Relattivity (Oxforrd, 1991)
• A. Qaadir, An Inttroduction too Special Theeory of Relaativity (Worrld Scientificc 1989)
• G. Baarton, Introd
duction to thee Relativity Principle (W Wiley, 1999))
• W. Rindler,
R Intro
oduction to Special
S Relattivity (Clarenndon Press, Oxford, 19991)
 

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-427 Electromaggnetic Theoryy - II 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Steady annd Slowly Varrying Currentts

• The
T Faraday in nduction law
• Innduced elecro omotance in a moving systeem
• Innductance and d induced elecctromotance
• Energy
E stored in a magneticc field
The Equaations of Electtromagnetism
m

• Maxwell’s
M equuations in freee space and material
m mediaa
• Solution of Maaxwell’s equaations
Electromaagnetic Wavees

• Plane electrommagnetic wavees in ho mogeeneous and isootropic mediaa

• T Poynting vector
The v in free space
• Prropagation pllane electrom magnetic wavees in non-connductors
• Prropagation pllane electrom magnetic wavees in conductiing media
• R
Reflection and
d refraction off plane wavess
• G
Guided waves;; coaxial line;; hollow rectaangular wave guide
• R
Radiation of ellectromagnetiic waves
• E
Electromagnet tic field of a moving
m charge

Recommeended Bookss:

• J. R.
R Reitz, F. J. Milford and R. W. Christy, Foundations
F of Electrommagnetic Thheory
(Adddison-Wesley y Publishingg Co., 1993)
• D. Corrison
C andd P. Lorrison, Introducttion to Elecctroma gnetiic Fields annd Waves (W W.H.
Freemman and Com mpany, Londdon, 1962).
• C.G. Someda, Eleectromagnettic Waves (C CRC, 2006).
• J. D. Jackson, Claassical Electtrodynamics (Wiley, 19999).
• J. V. Stewart, Intermediate Electromagne
E etic Theory (World
( Scienntific, 2001)).
• G. E. Owen, Intro oduction to Electromagn
E netic Theoryy (Dover, 20003).

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-428 Operation
ns Research - II 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

• Shhortest-Routee algorithms for

f acyclic neetworks
• M
Maximal-flow problem
• M
Matrix definitiion of LP probblem
• R
Revised simpleex method, boounded variabbles
• D
Decomposition n algorithm
• Parametric lineear programm ming
• A
Applications of
o integer proggramming
• C
Cutting-plane algorithms
• B
Branch-and-bo ound method
• Z
Zero-one implicit enumerattion
• E
Elements of dy
ynamic prograamming
• Prroblem of dimmensionality
• Prrogrammes by dynamic prrogramming

Recommeended Bookss:

• Hamddy A. Tahaa, Operations Research--An Introducction, (Macmillan Publlishing Com mpany

Inc., New
N York, 1987)
• B. E. Gillett, Intrroduction to Operations Research , (Tata
( McGraaw Hill Publlishing Com
mpany
Ltd., New Delhi)
• F. S. Hillier and G. J. Liebraaman, Operrations Reseearch, (CBS Publishers and Distribuutors,
New Delhi, 1974 4)
• C. M.
M Harvey, Operations
O R
Research, (Noorth Hollandd, New Delhii, 1979)

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-429 Theorry of Approxximation and
d Splines - II 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:
Parametriic Curves (Scaalar and Vecttor Case)
• Cubic
C algebraiic form
• Cubic
C Hermitee form
• Cubic
C control point
p form
• Bernstein
B Beziier cubic form
m
• Bernstein
B Beziier general form
• B-Spline
B cubicc form
• Matrix
M forms ofo parametric curves
• Rational
R quadrratic form
• Rational
R cubic form
• Tensor
T product surface, Berrnstein Bezierr cubi c patchh, quadratic byy cubic Bernsstein Bezier
• paatch, Bernsteiin Bezier quaartic patch
• Convex
C hull prroperty
• Affine
A invariannce property
• Variation
V dimiinishing propeerty
• Algorithms
A to compute Bernstein Bezierr form
Spline Fuunctions
• Inntroduction to o splines
• Cubic
C Hermitee splines
E conditionss of cubic spliines: cl ampeed conditions, natural condditions, 2nd Derivative
• End
coonditions, perriodic conditions, not a knoot conditions
• General
G Splinees: natural spllines, periodicc splines
• Truncated
T pow
wer function, representation
r n of spline in terms of trunncated power functions,
exxamples

Recommeended Bookss:

• Geralld Farin, Cu urves and Surfaces

S forr Computer Aided Geoometric Dessign: A Pracctical
Guide, 5th editionn (Academicc Press. Inc., 2002).
• I. D. Faux, Comp putational Geeometry for Design and Manufacturre, (Ellis Horrwood, 19799).
• Richaard H. Barteels, John C. Bealty,
B and John C. Beaatty, An Intrroduction to Spline for use
u in
Compputer Graphiics and Geom metric Modeeling , (Morggan Kaufmaann Publisherr, 2006).
• Carl de
d Boor, A Practical
P Guuide to Splinees, (Springerr Verlag, 20001).
• Larryy L. Schumaaker, Spline Functions:
F B
Basic Theoryy, (John Wileey and Sons,, 1993).

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-430 Functionaal Analysis - III 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Semi-norrms
• Semi norms, lo ocally convexx Spaces
• Q
Quasi normed linear spacess
• B
Bounded lineaar functionals
• H
Hahn Banach theorem
t
Conjuugate spaces
• Second conjuggate space of pl
p
• T Riesz reprresentation thheorem for linnear functionaals on a Hilbeert spaces
The
• C
Conjugate spacce of baC,
• A representatio
on theorem foor bounded linnear functionnals on baC,
Uniform Boundedness
• Weak converg
W gence
• T Principle of
The o uniform booundedness
• C
Consequences of the princciple of uniforrm boundedneess
• G
Graph of a map
pping and cloosed graph theeorem
Lineaar transformattion and compplete continuiity
• The closure off linear transfoormation
T
• T class of lin
The near transformma tions that admit
a a closuure

Recommmended Book ks:

• G. Baachman and L. Narici, Functional
F A
Analysis, (Accademic Presss, New Yorrk, 1966)
• A. E. Taylor, Fuunctional Anaalysis, (Johnn Wiley and Sons, Toppaan, 1958)
• G. Helmberg
H , Introduction
I n to Spectrral theory in Hilbert spaces , (N N. H. Publishing
Comppany 1969)
• E. Krreyszig, Intrroduction to Functional A nalysis wiith Applicatiions, (John Wiley
W and Soons,
• 2004))
• F. Riiesz and B. Sz. Nagay, Functional Analysis, (Dover
( Publlications, Neew York, Ungar,
U
1965))
• W. Rudin,
R nctional Anaalysis, 2nd eddition, (McG
Fun Graw Hill Book
B Comppany, New York,
Y
1991))

 
 

BS (4 Yeears) for Aff

ffiliated Collleges

Codde Subbject Title Cr. Hrs S

Semester
MATH-431 Fluid Mechanics-II
M I 3 VIII
Yeaar Disccipline
4 Matthematics

Objectivves:

Two andd Three-Dimeensional Pottential Flowss

• Circular cylind
C der without ciirculation
• C
Circular cylindder with circuulation
• B
Blasius theorem m
• K
Kutta condition n and the flatt-plate airfoil
• Jooukowski airffoil
• V
Vortex motion n
• K
Karman’s vorttex street
• M
Method of imaages
• V
Velocity potenntial
• Sttoke’s streamm function
• Solution of thee Potential equuation
• U
Uniform flow
• Source and sin nk
• Flow due to a doublet
d
Viscous Flows
F of Inccompressiblee Fluids
• Constitutive eq
C quations
• N
Navier-Stokes ’s equations, exact solutionns of Navier-Stokes’s equaations
• Stteady unidirectional flow
• Poiseuille floww
• C
Couette flow
• Flow between rotating cylinnders
• Sttokes’ first prroblem
• Sttokes’ second d problem

Simplifieed Approach
h to Fluid Fllow Problem
ms
• Similarity from
m a differentiaal equation
• D
Dimensional analysis
a
• O dimension
One nal, steady coompressible fllow

 
 

Recommended Books:

• H. Schlichting, K. Gersten, E. Krause and H. Oertel, Jr.: Boundary-Layer Theory, 8th

edition (Springer, 2004)
• Yith Chia-Shun: Fluid Mechanics (McGraw Hill, 1974)
• I. L. Distsworth: Fluid Mechanics (McGraw Hill, 1972)
• F. M. White: Fluid Mechanics (McGraw Hill, 2003)
• I. G. Curie: Fundamentals of Mechanics of Fluids, Third edition (CRC, 2002)
• R. W. Fox, A. T. McDonald and P. J. Pritchard: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics (John
Wiley and Sons, 2003)