BLDG
BLDG
BLDG
Design of Building
INFORMATION OF PROPOSED BUILDING
S.No.
1 Type of Building(Framed / Loadbearing) = Framed Building
2 Nos. of Storey = 3
3 Floor to floor height of building = 3000 mm
4 Height of plinth = 450 mm
5 Depth of foundation = 1000 mm
6 Bearing Capacity of soil = 200 KN/sq.m.
7 Thickness of external wall = 230 mm
8 Thickness of internal wall = 125 mm
Assumptions
Design Philosophy Limit state of design as per IS:456-1978
1 Grade of concrete = 20 N/sq.mm.
2 Grade of steel = 415 N/sq.mm.
3 Dia of bar for slab = 8 mm Dia of bar for column
4 Dia of bar for beam = 20 mm Cover for column
5 Cover For Slab = 15 mm
6 Cover For Beam = 25 mm
FOR SLAB
7 Dead load(Superimposed) = 1.5 KN/sq.m.
8 Live load = 1.5 KN/sq.m.
9
10
( The thickness of slab should be kept to low as its volume/load ratio is very high)
11 FOLLOWING ARE CONDITION FOR TWO - WAY SLAB
Case Nos.Type of Panel Short span coefficient
1 Interior
2 One short edge Discontinuous
3 One long edge Discontinuous
4 Two adjacent edge Discontinuous
5 Two short edge Discontinuous
6 Two long edges Discontinuous
7 Three edges Discontinuous (except long)
8 Three edges Discontinuous (except short)
9 Four edges Discontinuous
12 For calculation of Ratio of Max.span/Deff. Linear interpolation has been considered for Chart 22
of Design Aids to IS:456
13 The Design can be done for M15 or M20 grade of concrete for slab,beam,Column.
14 The Beam can be designed for Mu/b d^2=6.38 N/sq.mm
15 For design of beam as doubly reinforced, no effect of d'/Deff. is
considered and the reionforcement available for d'/Deff=.2
16 For design of Column the value of Mu/fckb d^2 is required to be seen from chart 31-34
for reinforced distribuited equally on two sides for rectangular section,from chart 43-46
for reinforced distribuited equally on four sides for rectangular section,from chart 55-58
for reinforced distribuited equally circular section.
17 For design of two - way slab first the longest/Shortest span value must be entered,
so that no contradictory statment should be generated at any instant of time.
18 Weight of RCC concrete is assumed 25 KN/sq.m.
19 For cantilever slab Maximum moment calculated by weight of slab / metre
width/metre lengthxeff. length ^2/2
Page 1
INFO
Mx = AlphaXxWxLx^2
My = AlphaYxWxLx^2
23 All dimension are in KN,metre,mm
Type of slab Nos. Dimension of sl %Steel Max.Span
slab Length Width Deff. RESULDEPTH
mms mms mms
Cantilever 1 1000 0.22 11.06 O.K. 100
2 2000 0.22 11.06 O.K. 150
3 2500 0.24 10.61 O.K. 200
Simply Supported 1 2360 0.15 36.16 REVIS 120
2 1600 0.13 37.61 REVIS 110
3 3000 0.23 30.94 O.K. 140
Simply supported Cont. 1 4000 0.3 35.10 O.K. 170
When Nos. of span=>3 2 3700
When span is within 15% of 3 4300
Longest span
Two way slab Nos.
4 1 9000 5000 0.3 35.10 O.K. 100
Condition 2 2 3250 2650 0.24 39.40 O.K. 110
3 3 5000 4000 0.23 40.22 O.K. 120
Page 2
INFO
25
40
for Chart 22
Page 3
INFO
DEP.
PRO.
mms
110
200
260
120
110
140
170
170
110
120
Span/Deff.
0.025
0.03
0.037
0.039
0.043
0.044
0.047
Page 4
CSLAB
Page 5
SSSLAB
Page 6
SCSLAB
O.K.
Distribution Steel 0.12
204
8 10 12
246 385 554
453
240 380 450
Page 7
TWSLAB
Page 8
TWSLAB
Page 9
TWSLAB
Page 10
TWSLAB
Page 11
TWSLAB
8 10 12
349 545 785
303
300 300 300
Page 12
LC
LOAD CALCULATION
Dead load 1.50 kn/m^2
Live load 1.50 kn/m^2
Wall load (Main) 13.11 kn/m
Short Span 1.5 1.5 9000 5000 2.50 2.50 13.11 18.11
Long Span 1.5 1.5 9000 5000 3.36 3.36 13.11 19.84
Short Span
Long Span
Page 13
LC
7.13 kn/m
18.11
19.84
15.76
16.20
Page 14
MD
Page 15
MD
BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM
Page 16
MD
Fact.
Slab Wall Self Wt. Others Total
Load
1 0.99 1.38 0.23 0.46 3.06 4.59
2 0.99 0.75 1.38 0.23 0.00 3.35 5.02
3 0.99 0.75 1.38 0.23 0.00 3.35 5.02
Distribution factor for two span
Page 17
MD
Fact
Slab Wall Self Wt. Others Total
L
1 0.75 0.75 1.38 0.23 0.00 3.11 4.67
2 0.75 0.75 1.38 0.23 0.00 3.11 4.67
3 0.54 0.54 1.38 0.23 0.00 2.69 4.04
Distribution factor for two span
Page 18
MD
Page 19
MD
Fact.
Slab Wall Self Wt. Others Total
Load
1 0.75 0.75 1.38 0.23 0.00 3.11 4.67
2 0.75 0.75 1.38 0.23 0.00 3.11 4.67
3 0.54 0.54 1.38 0.23 2.69 4.04
4 0.99 0.99 1.38 0.23 0.00 3.59 5.38
Distribution factor for two span
Page 20
MD
BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM
Page 21
MD
Fact.
Slab Wall Self Wt. Others Total
Page 22
MD
0.38 0.23 0.38 0.41 0.25 0.35 0.35 0.25 0.41 0.38 0.23 0.38
-1.34 1.34 -1.34 1.34 -3.21 3.21 -1.34 1.34 -1.34 1.34
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.46 0.65 -0.65 -0.46 -0.76 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.38 0.00 -0.32 0.32 0.00 -0.38 0.00
-0.14 -0.09 -0.14 0.13 0.08 0.11 -0.11 -0.08 -0.13 0.14 0.09 0.14
-0.07 0.07 -0.07 -0.06 0.06 0.07 -0.07 0.07
-0.03 -0.02 -0.03 0.05 0.03 0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.05 0.03 0.02 0.03
-0.01 0.01
-1.43 1.17 -0.10 -1.07 2.21 0.57 -2.78 2.78 -0.57 -2.21 1.07 0.10 -1.17 1.43
Vertical
load 4.17 4.17 4.17 4.17 7.29 7.29 4.17 4.17 4.17 4.17
Vertical
load due 0.13 -0.13 -0.59 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.59 -0.59 -0.13 0.13
Moment
Total V 4.30 4.03 3.58 4.75 7.29 7.29 4.75 3.58 4.03 4.30
Load
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION FOR PB12
Page 23
MD
Fact.
Slab Wall Self Wt. Others Total
Page 24
MD
Page 25
MD
BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM COLUMN BEAM BEAM
0.30 0.21 0.49 0.50 0.22 0.28 0.25 0.20 0.55 0.42 0.15 0.42 0.55 0.20 0.25 0.28 0.22 0.50 0.49 0.21 0.30
-2.17 2.17 -0.80 0.80 -2.58 2.58 -0.52 0.52 -0.52 0.52 -2.58 2.58 -0.80 0.80 -2.17 2.17
-0.41 -0.29 -0.67 0.89 0.39 0.49 -0.51 -0.41 -1.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.14 0.41 0.51 -0.49 -0.39 -0.89 0.67 0.29 0.41
-0.20 0.44 -0.33 -0.26 0.25 0.00 -0.57 0.57 0.00 -0.25 0.26 0.33 -0.44 0.20
-0.13 -0.10 -0.22 0.30 0.13 0.16 -0.06 -0.05 -0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.05 0.06 -0.16 -0.13 -0.30 0.22 0.10 0.13
-0.07 0.15 -0.11 -0.03 0.08 0.00 -0.07 0.07 0.00 -0.08 0.03 0.11 -0.15 0.07
-0.04 -0.03 -0.07 0.07 0.03 0.04 -0.02 -0.02 -0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.02 -0.04 -0.03 -0.07 0.07 0.03 0.04
-0.02 0.02
-2.46 1.59 -0.42 -1.17 1.62 0.55 -2.17 2.31 -0.47 -1.84 -0.12 0.00 0.12 1.84 0.47 -2.31 2.17 -0.55 -1.62 1.17 0.42 -1.59 2.46
5.66 5.66 3.44 3.44 6.14 6.14 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 6.14 6.14 3.44 3.44 5.66 5.66
0.38 -0.38 -0.32 0.32 -0.06 0.06 1.74 -1.74 -1.74 1.74 0.06 -0.06 0.32 -0.32 -0.38 0.38
6.04 5.28 3.12 3.77 6.08 6.20 4.49 1.02 1.02 4.49 6.20 6.08 3.77 3.12 5.28 6.04
Fact.
Slab Wall Self Wt. Others Total
Load
Page 26
MD
Page 27
MD
Fact.
Slab Wall Self Wt. Others Total
Load
1 0.87 1.38 0.23 0.46 2.94 4.41
2 0.87 1.38 0.23 0.46 2.94 4.41
Page 28
MD
Page 29
MD
17 0.00 0.00
18 0.00 0.00
19 0.00 0.00
20 4.9 4.90 3.27
21 0.00 0.00
22 0.00 0.00
23 0.00 0.00
24 0.00 0.00
25 0.00 0.00
26 0.00 0.00
27 0.00 0.00
28 0.00 0.00
29 0.00 0.00
30 0.00 0.00
31 0.00 0.00
32 0.00 0.00
33 0.00 0.00
Page 30
BEAMREIN
###
Effective Cover= 35
% steel 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00
Permissible S.S. 15 0 0.35 0.46 0.54 0.60 0.64 0.68 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71
20 0 0.36 0.48 0.56 0.62 0.67 0.72 0.75 0.79 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.82
S.No.W Deff. Ml Mr Mm Tl Tr Mel Mer Mel Mer Mem %AstL %AstR %Astm AstL AstR Astm
bd^2 bd^2 bd^3 Left Right Middle Left Right Middle
Ten Com. Ten Com. Ten Com. Ten Com. Ten Com. Ten Com.
1 375 245 17 47 77 0 0 17 47 0.76 2.09 3.42 0.22 N.A. 0.67 0.00 1.18 0.26 202 ### 619 0 1088 236
2 375 245 20 50 80 0 0 20 50 0.89 2.22 3.55 0.26 N.A. 0.73 0.00 1.23 0.31 239 ### 667 0 1131 284
3 375 245 23 53 83 0 0 23 53 1.02 2.35 3.69 0.30 N.A. 0.78 0.00 1.28 0.36 278 ### 716 0 1173 332
4 375 245 26 56 86 0 0 26 56 1.16 2.49 3.82 0.34 N.A. 0.83 0.00 1.32 0.41 317 ### 767 0 1215 379
5 375 245 29 59 89 0 0 29 59 1.29 2.62 3.95 0.39 N.A. 0.89 0.21 1.37 0.47 357 ### 821 196 1258 427
6 375 245 32 62 92 32 62 1.42 2.75 4.09 0.43 N.A. 0.95 0.00 1.42 0.52 398 ### 872 0 1301 475
7 375 245 35 65 95 35 65 1.55 2.89 4.22 0.48 N.A. 1.00 0.04 1.46 0.57 440 ### 918 34 1343 523
8 375 245 38 68 98 38 68 1.69 3.02 4.35 0.53 N.A. 1.05 0.10 1.51 0.62 483 ### 961 93 1385 571
9 375 245 41 71 101 41 71 1.82 3.15 4.49 0.57 N.A. 1.09 0.15 1.55 0.67 527 ### 1003 141 1427 619
10 375 245 44 74 104 44 74 1.95 3.29 4.62 0.62 N.A. 1.14 0.21 1.60 0.73 572 ### 1045 188 1470 667
11 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
12 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
13 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
14 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
15 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
16 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
17 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
18 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
19 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
20 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
21 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
22 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
23 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
24 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
25 230 295 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A N.A. #N/A ### #N/A ### #N/A ###
Page 31
BEAMREIN
Page 32
BEAMREIN
Page 33
BEAMREIN
Page 34
BEAMREIN
Page 35
BEAMREIN
Page 36
BEAMREIN
Page 37
COLUMNTREIN
Dia. of bar = 25
S. Size Gr. Rec OneEff. Eff Axial Factored Factored Factored Factored lex ley Addi-
No. of M d' =1 =1 Lex Ley Load Moment Moment Moment Moment D D tional
Col. b Cir Eq. M M Pu Longer Longer Shorter Shorter Moment
D mm mm =2 =2 Top Bottom Top Bottom Max
1 250 250 20 53 1 2 2 2 221 5.5 0 5.5 0 8 8.0 1.768
2 250 250 20 53 2 1 2 2 221 5.5 0 5.5 0 8 8.0 1.768
3 410 310 20 53 1 2 6.2 5.2 1520 42 24.5 32 22 15 16.8 71.255
4 415 315 20 53 1 2 6.3 5.3 1530 43 25.5 33 23 15 16.8 73.163
5 420 320 20 53 1 2 6.4 5.4 1540 44 26.5 34 24 15 16.9 75.093
6 425 325 20 53 1 2 6.5 5.5 1550 45 27.5 35 25 15 16.9 77.044
7 430 330 20 53 1 2 6.6 5.6 1560 46 28.5 36 26 15 17.0 79.016
8 435 335 20 53 1 2 6.7 5.7 1570 47 29.5 37 27 15 17.0 81.008
9 440 340 20 53 1 2 6.8 5.8 1580 48 30.5 38 28 15 17.1 83.022
10 445 345 20 53 1 2 6.9 5.9 1590 49 31.5 39 29 16 17.1 85.056
11 450 350 20 53 1 2 7 6 1600 50 32.5 40 30 16 17.1 87.111
12 455 355 20 53 1 2 7.1 6.1 1610 51 33.5 41 31 16 17.2 89.187
13 460 360 20 53 1 2 7.2 6.2 1620 52 34.5 42 32 16 17.2 91.283
14 465 365 20 53 1 2 7.3 6.3 1630 53 35.5 43 33 16 17.3 93.401
15 470 370 20 53 1 2 7.4 6.4 1640 54 36.5 44 34 16 17.3 95.539
16 475 375 20 53 1 2 7.5 6.5 1650 55 37.5 45 35 16 17.3 97.697
17 480 380 20 53 1 2 7.6 6.6 1660 56 38.5 46 36 16 17.4 99.877
18 485 385 20 53 1 2 7.7 6.7 1670 57 39.5 47 37 16 17.4 102.08
19 490 390 20 53 1 2 7.8 6.8 1680 58 40.5 48 38 16 17.4 104.3
20 495 395 20 53 1 2 7.9 6.9 1690 59 41.5 49 39 16 17.5 106.54
21 500 400 20 53 1 2 8 7 1700 60 42.5 50 40 16 17.5 108.8
22 505 405 20 53 1 2 8.1 7.1 1710 61 43.5 51 41 16 17.5 111.08
23 510 410 20 53 1 2 8.2 7.2 1720 62 44.5 52 42 16 17.6 113.39
24 515 415 20 53 1 2 8.3 7.3 1730 63 45.5 53 43 16 17.6 115.71
25 520 420 20 53 1 2 8.4 7.4 1740 64 46.5 54 44 16 17.6 118.05
26 525 425 20 53 1 2 8.5 7.5 1750 65 47.5 55 45 16 17.6 120.42
27 530 430 20 53 1 2 8.6 7.6 1760 66 48.5 56 46 16 17.7 122.8
28 535 435 20 53 1 2 8.7 7.7 1770 67 49.5 57 47 16 17.7 125.21
29 540 440 20 53 1 2 8.8 7.8 1780 68 50.5 58 48 16 17.7 127.63
30 545 445 20 53 1 2 8.9 7.9 1790 69 51.5 59 49 16 17.8 130.08
31 550 450 20 53 1 2 9 8 1800 70 52.5 60 50 16 17.8 132.55
32 555 455 20 53 1 2 9.1 8.1 1810 71 53.5 61 51 16 17.8 135.03
33 560 460 20 53 1 2 9.2 8.2 1820 72 54.5 62 52 16 17.8 137.54
34 565 465 20 53 1 2 9.3 8.3 1830 73 55.5 63 53 16 17.8 140.07
35 570 470 20 53 1 2 9.4 8.4 1840 74 56.5 64 54 16 17.9 142.62
Page 38
COLUMNTREIN
Page 39
COLUMNTREIN
ey Mux Muy Design Pu p/fck from Mux1 from Muy1 Mux Muy Pu
Moment fck b D chart chart Mux1 Muy1 Puz
Sq.cms
2.00 4.42 4.42 6.2 6.2 0.18 0.05 0.09 28.1 0.09 28.1 0.22 0.22 0.29 6
2.00 4.42 4.42 6.0 6.0 0.18 0.05 0.055 17.2 0.11 34.4 0.35 0.18 0.29 6
2.07 39.62 31.515 60.6 50.0 0.60 0.10 0.116 120.9 0.12 97.7 0.50 0.51 0.79 26
2.11 40.44 32.283 64.5 53.5 0.59 0.11 0.122 132.4 0.14 113.7 0.49 0.47 0.76 27
2.15 41.27 33.059 68.3 57.0 0.57 0.11 0.128 144.5 0.15 130.7 0.47 0.44 0.74 29
2.18 42.11 33.842 72.1 60.5 0.56 0.11 0.134 157.3 0.17 149.0 0.46 0.41 0.72 30
2.22 42.95 34.632 76.0 64.0 0.55 0.11 0.14 170.8 0.18 168.6 0.44 0.38 0.70 32
2.26 43.8 35.43 79.9 67.5 0.54 0.12 0.146 185.1 0.19 189.4 0.43 0.36 0.68 34
2.29 44.66 36.235 83.8 71.1 0.53 0.12 0.152 200.1 0.21 211.6 0.42 0.34 0.66 35
2.33 45.53 37.047 87.7 74.7 0.52 0.12 0.158 215.9 0.22 235.2 0.41 0.32 0.64 37
2.37 46.4 37.867 91.6 78.3 0.51 0.12 0.164 232.5 0.24 260.2 0.39 0.30 0.62 39
2.40 47.28 38.694 95.5 84.4 0.50 0.13 0.17 249.9 0.25 286.7 0.38 0.29 0.60 40
2.44 48.17 39.528 99.5 88.2 0.49 0.13 0.176 268.1 0.26 314.8 0.37 0.28 0.59 42
2.48 49.06 40.37 103.5 92.0 0.48 0.13 0.182 287.3 0.28 344.4 0.36 0.27 0.57 44
2.51 49.97 41.219 107.5 95.9 0.47 0.13 0.188 307.3 0.29 375.8 0.35 0.26 0.56 46
2.55 50.88 42.075 111.5 99.7 0.46 0.14 0.194 328.3 0.31 408.8 0.34 0.24 0.54 48
2.59 51.79 42.939 115.5 103.6 0.46 0.14 0.2 350.2 0.32 443.6 0.33 0.23 0.53 50
2.62 52.72 43.81 119.6 107.6 0.45 0.14 0.206 373.1 0.33 480.2 0.32 0.22 0.51 52
2.66 53.65 44.688 123.6 111.5 0.44 0.14 0.212 397.0 0.35 518.7 0.31 0.21 0.50 54
2.70 54.59 45.574 127.7 115.5 0.43 0.15 0.218 422.0 0.36 559.2 0.30 0.21 0.49 57
2.73 55.53 46.467 131.8 119.5 0.43 0.15 0.224 448.0 0.38 601.6 0.29 0.20 0.48 59
2.77 56.49 47.367 136.0 123.5 0.42 0.15 0.23 475.1 0.39 646.1 0.29 0.19 0.46 61
2.81 57.45 48.275 140.1 127.6 0.41 0.15 0.236 503.3 0.40 692.7 0.28 0.18 0.45 64
2.84 58.42 49.19 144.3 131.6 0.40 0.16 0.242 532.7 0.42 741.5 0.27 0.18 0.44 66
2.88 59.39 50.112 148.5 135.7 0.40 0.16 0.248 563.3 0.43 792.5 0.26 0.17 0.43 69
2.92 60.38 51.042 152.7 139.8 0.39 0.16 0.254 595.1 0.45 845.9 0.26 0.17 0.42 71
2.95 61.37 51.979 161.3 144.0 0.39 0.16 0.26 628.1 0.46 901.6 0.26 0.16 0.41 74
2.99 62.36 52.923 165.8 148.1 0.38 0.17 0.266 662.4 0.47 959.7 0.25 0.15 0.40 77
3.03 63.37 53.875 170.2 152.3 0.37 0.17 0.272 698.0 0.49 1020.3 0.24 0.15 0.39 80
3.06 64.38 54.834 174.6 156.5 0.37 0.17 0.278 734.9 0.50 1083.6 0.24 0.14 0.38 82
3.10 65.4 55.8 179.1 160.8 0.36 0.17 0.284 773.2 0.52 1149.4 0.23 0.14 0.38 85
3.14 66.43 56.774 183.6 165.0 0.36 0.18 0.29 812.9 0.53 1217.9 0.23 0.14 0.37 88
3.17 67.46 57.755 188.1 169.3 0.35 0.18 0.296 854.0 0.54 1289.2 0.22 0.13 0.36 91
3.21 68.5 58.743 192.7 173.6 0.35 0.18 0.302 896.6 0.56 1363.4 0.21 0.13 0.35 95
3.25 69.55 59.739 197.2 177.9 0.34 0.18 0.308 940.7 0.57 1440.4 0.21 0.12 0.34 98
Page 40
COLUMNTREIN
Page 41