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Advanced Structural Mechanics

This course outline covers advanced structural mechanics topics over 48 contact hours. It includes indicial notation, kinematics of continuous bodies, stress tensors, elasticity, fracture mechanics, and plasticity. Recommended textbooks are provided. Key concepts are scalars, vectors, tensors, indicial notation, free and dummy indices, vector operations including addition, multiplication, and tensor operations using Einstein summation convention and the Kronecker delta.

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Hafiz Zain Akram
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453 views37 pages

Advanced Structural Mechanics

This course outline covers advanced structural mechanics topics over 48 contact hours. It includes indicial notation, kinematics of continuous bodies, stress tensors, elasticity, fracture mechanics, and plasticity. Recommended textbooks are provided. Key concepts are scalars, vectors, tensors, indicial notation, free and dummy indices, vector operations including addition, multiplication, and tensor operations using Einstein summation convention and the Kronecker delta.

Uploaded by

Hafiz Zain Akram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COURSE OUTLINE

ADVANCED STRUCTURAL MECHANICS


By
Dr. Ather Ali
ADVANCED STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
Course code : CE-801
Credit Hrs:
Theory = 3
Total = 3
Contact hrs = 48
COURSE OUTLINE
• Indicial Notation and Cartesian Tensors
• Motion of a Continuous Body (Kinematics)
• Stress Tensors
• Introduction to the Stress – Strain Relationship
• Solution of Problems in 2D Elasticity
• Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics
• One Dimensional Rate-Independent Plasticity and
Visco-plasticity
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
• BORES I “Advance Structural Mechanics” Sixth Edition (2002)
• Y. C. Fung and Pin Tong, (2001): Classical and Computational Solid
Mechanics, World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore
• S. Timoshenko, and J. N. Goodier, (1987): Theory of Elasticity, 3rd
Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
• George E. Mase (1970): Schaum’s Outlines: Continuum Mechanics,
Mc-Graw-Hill, New York.
• Pisidhi Karsudhi (1990) Foundations of Solid Mechanics, Kluwer
Academic Publishers
• T. J. Lardner and R. R. Archer (1994): Mechanics of Solids: An
Introduction, McGraw-Hill International Editions, Singapore
SCALARS
• A SCALAR is a physical quantity that it
represented by a dimensional number at a
particular point in space and time.
– Some examples of scalar quantities include speed,
distance, volume, mass, temperature, power,
energy, and time.
VECTORS
• A VECTOR is a bookkeeping tool to keep track
of two pieces of information (typically
magnitude and direction) for a physical
quantity.
– Some examples of vector quantities include
velocity, displacement, acceleration, force.
TENSORS
• A TENSOR is used to keep track of three pieces
of information for a given physical quantity.
– For stress, we keep track of a magnitude, direction
and which plane the component acts on.
TENSORS
• The stress tensor is always symmetric σij = σji
• Thus there are only six independent
components of the stress tensor.
TENSORS
INDICIAL NOTATIONS
• Compact way of writing systems of equations.
• Replacement for longhand writing of
equations or matrix representation.
• Matrix is more valuable for representing the
storage of values in the system, but for writing
equations in a compact form, and especially
for higher order tensors, indicial notation is
superior.
FREE INDEX

=
where i is a free index which can take on values 1, 2 or 3, or perhaps x, y or z
DUMMY INDICES
• An index which does not appear in an equation after
a summation is carried out is called a dummy index.
• Index does not appear in the final result, we can
change its name to whatever is convenient.
VECTOR OPERATIONS
HEAD-TO-TAIL OR PARALLELOGRAM
RULE
• Used for addition and subtraction.
• A vector can be added to another vector, but a
vector and a scalar.
VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• Vector to Scalar
– We can multiply a vector (v) by a scalar (a) to get a
vector av having the same direction but a length
equal to the original length || v || multiplied by a.
– If the scalar a has a negative value, then the sense
of the vector is reversed (i.e., it puts the arrow
head on the other end).
VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• Vector to Vector
– The dot product
– The cross product
– The triple scalar product
VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The dot product (scalar product)
– The dot product is a scalar value
– Denoted by u • v
VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The dot product (scalar product)
– The dot product is commutative, u • v = v • u
– Satisfies the distributive law.

– The dot product can be computed from the


components of the vectors
VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The cross product (vector product)
– Product is a vector (u x v) which is orthogonal to both u
and v
– The length of u x v is defined as being equal to the area of
a parallelogram, two sides of which are described by the
vectors u and v

– Direction of resultant vector defined by right hand rule.


VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The cross product (vector product)

– The cross product is not commutative, but it


satisfies the condition of skew symmetry

– The cross product is distributive


VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The cross product (vector product)
– The component form of the cross product of
vectors u and v
VECTOR MULTIPLICATION
• The triple scalar product
– Product of three vectors u, v, and w is denoted as
(u x v) • w
TENSOR OPERATIONS
THE EINSTEIN SUMMATION
CONVENTION
• If an index is repeated in a product of vectors or
tensors, summation is implied over the repeated
index.
– Repeated indices are implicitly summed over.
– Each index can appear at most twice in any term.
– Each term must contain identical non-repeated indices
KRONECKER DELTA
KRONECKER DELTA
KRONECKER DELTA MULTIPLICATION
KRONECKER DELTA MULTIPLICATION
PERMUTATION OPERATOR
• The permutation symbol is also known as the
Levi-Civita operator
KRONECKER-PERMUTATION
RELATIONSHIP
Example

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