Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 29 views

    31 JLSL: 5 Mott Insulators

    Uploaded by

    Ketan
    This document discusses the general form of the isotropic coupling between two spins of size S. It can be described by an effective Hamiltonian with energy differences that depend on the total spin S = 2, 1, or 0. For any spin S, the most essential correction to the standard Heisenberg model is the biquadratic term. Experimental evidence of a biquadratic term was first found for Mn++ ions with S = 5/2. There is also a formal justification that higher powers of the scalar product (S1·S2)n+1,... can be expressed in terms of the first two spin operators, meaning the Hamiltonian form does not really change by including them.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    31 JLSL: 5 Mott Insulators

    Uploaded by

    Ketan
    29 views1 page
    This document discusses the general form of the isotropic coupling between two spins of size S. It can be described by an effective Hamiltonian with energy differences that depend on the total spin S = 2, 1, or 0. For any spin S, the most essential correction to the standard Heisenberg model is the biquadratic term. Experimental evidence of a biquadratic term was first found for Mn++ ions with S = 5/2. There is also a formal justification that higher powers of the scalar product (S1·S2)n+1,... can be expressed in terms of the first two spin operators, meaning the Hamiltonian form does not really change by including them.

    Original Description:

    General Document 417

    Original Title

    00278___3600a4b5b8134bc3b7909ad61b76ca9e

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses the general form of the isotropic coupling between two spins of size S. It can be described by an effective Hamiltonian with energy differences that depend on the total spin S = 2, 1, or 0. For any spin S, the most essential correction to the standard Heisenberg model is the biquadratic term. Experimental evidence of a biquadratic term was first found for Mn++ ions with S = 5/2. There is also a formal justification that higher powers of the scalar product (S1·S2)n+1,... can be expressed in terms of the first two spin operators, meaning the Hamiltonian form does not really change by including them.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views1 page

    31 JLSL: 5 Mott Insulators

    Uploaded by

    Ketan
    This document discusses the general form of the isotropic coupling between two spins of size S. It can be described by an effective Hamiltonian with energy differences that depend on the total spin S = 2, 1, or 0. For any spin S, the most essential correction to the standard Heisenberg model is the biquadratic term. Experimental evidence of a biquadratic term was first found for Mn++ ions with S = 5/2. There is also a formal justification that higher powers of the scalar product (S1·S2)n+1,... can be expressed in terms of the first two spin operators, meaning the Hamiltonian form does not really change by including them.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    262 Ch.

    5 Mott Insulators

    spins. As we discussed previously, there are three energy levels, corresponding


    to total spin S = 2, 1, and 0. Setting one of these energies arbitrarily to zero,
    the effective Hamiltonian has to describe two energy differences, which can be
    achieved by the proper choice of the two coupling constants.
    By the same token, the general form of the isotropic coupling between two
    spins of size S looks like

    31 = JlSl . s 2 + J2(S1 ' s2)2 + ...+ J 2 S ( S 1 a s2)2s . (5.145)

    Since higher powers of (Sl .S2) arise in higher orders of perturbation theory, the
    biquadratic term is the most essential correction to the standard Heisenberg
    model for any S. In fact, the first experimental evidence of a biquadratic term
    was found for S = 5/2 Mn++ ions (in antiferromagnetic MnO [339], as well as
    in Mn-doped MgO [158]). The measured ratio Q / J -0.05 was realized to be
    N

    in accordance with the predictions of Anderson's theory of superexchange [20].


    It is also quite compatible with our (5.144): our Q arises from the competition
    of two terms of which -6t4/(U2J) is the stronger.
    There is another, more formal justification for introducing (5.145). It relies
    on showing that the higher powers of the scalar product (Sl . SZ)~'+I,..., are
    not independent of the first 2 s operators of this kind, and therefore introducing
    them would not really change the form of the Hamiltonian. This must be a
    property of the algebra of the spin operators. For an illustration, let us consider
    S = 1/2 where we should find that (Sl * can be expressed with S1 . S2.
    Let us use Pauli matrices instead of the components of S: 2s" = uzyetc., and
    exploit the wellknown property that the square of any of the Pauli matrices is
    the 2 x 2 unit matrix. Then

    (21 - 2 2 ) 2 = (.l"uz" + u:u; + .;u;)2 = 3 - 281 .a2 (5.146)

    where we used the identities uxuY = iuz, uYuz = iuzy and uzux = iuY. In
    terms of the S = 1/2 spin operators
    3 1
    (S1 + S2)2 = - - -s1 . s2
    16 2
    . (5.147)

    It follows that for S = 1/2, any isotropic (pairwise) coupling can be brought to
    the well-known Heisenberg form. A similar proof should be possible to justify
    (5.145) for general S.

    You might also like