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xlsgen > overview > Formulas

Formulas and conditional formattings bring dynamic capabilities to Excel documents. There are a number of aspects in Excel formulas :

formulas can be written in English, or French (please contact support if you are interested in another language). This can be set with the
workbook.FormulaLanguage property. Default is : English.
the result of the formula brings a new value in the current cell or merged cells each time it gets calculated.
the operands used in the formula might be dynamic as well, for instance if cells or range of cells are involved.
formulas have an arbitrary level of complexity. Formulas can be imbricated one into another, or use complex conditions with operators like
the IF operator.
formulas can be either read or written in cells. If you are willing to know what is the formula in a cell, the Formula method from the
worksheet object tells you what it is, using the current formula language (English by default).
Introspecting cells for formulas is also possible when you want to know if the cell has a formula but you are not interested in the formula
itself. See metadata types.
formulas are calculated either in real-time or on-demand thanks to the xlsgen calculation engine.
formulas can be hidden/unhidden using a property available from the Style object interface. Hiding formulas only takes effect if the
worksheet is protected.
User-defined functions (otherwise known as add-ins) can be called. You can call user defined functions from the current workbook, or from
an external workbook.
you can remove formulas from any cell, simply by passing an empty string. Removing the formula preserves the value of the cell.
you can alternatively remove all formulas of the worksheet by making a simple call to DeleteFormulas(). Note that removing the formulas
preserves the values in cells. This technique of deleting formulas is handy if you want to hide the business logic of your spreadsheet, for
instance if the spreadsheet is meant to be distributed to a broad audience.

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A formula is attached to a cell at the worksheet level (see IXlsWorksheet for more information), or in the case of merged cells, at the merged
cells object level (see IXlsMergedCells for more information).

Formulas are passed just like in Excel. Examples of formulas are as follows :
=SUM(C3:C5) // calculates the sum of the specified cell range
=IF(R1C4 > 5; "yes"; "no") // calculates a content depending on a given condition

Supported functions are listed in the following table.

In addition to supporting functions, xlsgen supports the following operators : +, -, *, /, =, <, <=, >, >=, <>, ^ (power), % (percent), &
(concatenation).

If the wrong number of parameters is being passed, then an error is raised. A subset of functions support an arbitrary number of parameters, for
instance the SUM function supports any number of parameters. Use the semi-colon character to separate parameters.

Formulas and parenthesis can be combined at an arbitrary level. Sometimes, you may have to explicitely add parenthesis for the parser to
resolve ambiguities. For instance, A3-A4=0 can be better understood if you pass (A3-A4)=0 instead.

Operands supported include :

numbers, floats
labels (must be double-quoted as in "content")
boolean values
cell references, R1C1 notation, or Ax notation
cell range references, R1C1:R1C1 notation, or Ax:Ax notation
relative (A1) or absolute references ($A$1 or $A1, or A$1)
defined names

The R1C1 notation is one of the two notations supported by Excel, where in RxxxCyyy xxx is a row and yyy is a column, both starting at 1. The Ax
notation is the natural Excel notation where A denotes a column (there is more than one letter after the 26th column), and x denotes a row
number starting at 1.

Functions are parsed and read using the current formula language. The default formula language is English, but xlsgen supports French as well.
See the code below for an example of how to use localized function names.

In order to produce the example in the screen above, the following code is required :

VB code

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wksht.Number(3, 3) = 5
wksht.Number(4, 3) = 10
wksht.Number(5, 3) = 15

Dim style As IXlsStyle

Set style = wksht.NewStyle
style.Font.Bold = True
style.Apply

wksht.Formula(6, 3) = "=SUM(C3:C5)"

C# code

wksht.set_Number(3,3, 5);
wksht.set_Number(4,3, 10);
wksht.set_Number(5,3, 15);

IXlsStyle style = wksht.NewStyle();

style.Font.Bold = 1;
style.Apply();

wksht.set_Formula(6,3, "=SUM(C3:C5)");

C/C++ code

wksht->Number[3][3] = 5;
wksht->Number[4][3] = 10;
wksht->Number[5][3] = 15;

xlsgen::IXlsStylePtr style = wksht->NewStyle();

style->Font->Bold = TRUE;
style->Apply();

wksht->Formula[6][3] = "=SUM(C3:C5)";

If you'd like to write this function using French function names, you can do the following :

VB code

' Tell xlsgen to recognize French function names

wbk.FormulaLanguage = xlsgen.formulalanguage_fr

wksht.Number(3, 3) = 5
wksht.Number(4, 3) = 10
wksht.Number(5, 3) = 15

Dim style As IXlsStyle

Set style = wksht.NewStyle

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style.Font.Bold = True
style.Apply

' French function name, without uppercase

wksht.Formula(6, 3) = "=somme(C3:C5)"

C# code

// Tell xlsgen to recognize French function names

wbk.FormulaLanguage = (int) xlsgen.enumFormulaLanguage.formulalanguage_fr;

wksht.set_Number(3,3, 5);
wksht.set_Number(4,3, 10);
wksht.set_Number(5,3, 15);

IXlsStyle style = wksht.NewStyle();

style.Font.Bold = 1;
style.Apply();

// French function name, without uppercase

wksht.set_Formula(6,3, "=somme(C3:C5)");

C/C++ code

// Tell xlsgen to recognize French function names

wbk->FormulaLanguage = xlsgen::formulalanguage_fr;

wksht->Number[3][3] = 5;
wksht->Number[4][3] = 10;
wksht->Number[5][3] = 15;

xlsgen::IXlsStylePtr style = wksht->NewStyle();

style->Font->Bold = TRUE;
style->Apply();

// French function name, without uppercase

wksht->Formula[6][3] = "=somme(C3:C5)";

If you call user-defined functions (otherwise known as add-ins), you must declare them first using the DeclareUserDefinedFunction method. An
example is :
' declare an external user defined function
' (Book1.xls exposes a VBA procedure called Discount1)
wksht.DeclareUserDefinedFunction("Book1.xls!Discount1")

' create a formula with it

wksht.Formula(15,3) = "=Book1.xls!Discount1(970;3)"

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List of supported built-in Excel functions (all functions below are supported in xlsgen for reading and writing. Only a
subset of these are supported by the xlsgen calculation engine)

Supported by the
English name French name built-in calculation Description
engine
ABS ABS X Returns the absolute value of a number
ACOS ACOS X Returns the arccosine of a number
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a
ACOSH ACOSH
number
Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a
ADDRESS ADRESSE X
worksheet
AND ET X Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE
AREAS ZONES Returns the number of areas in a reference
ASIN ASIN X Returns the arcsine of a number
ASINH ASINH Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number
ATAN ATAN X Returns the arctangent of a number
ATAN2 ATAN2 Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a
ATANH ATANH
number
Returns the average of the absolute deviations of
AVEDEV ECART.MOYEN
data points from their mean
AVERAGE MOYENNE X Returns the average of its arguments
Returns the average of its arguments, including
AVERAGEA AVERAGEA X
numbers, text, and logical values
BETADIST LOI.BETA Returns the beta cumulative distribution function
Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution
BETAINV BETA.INVERSE
function for a specified beta distribution
Returns the individual term binomial distribution
BINOMDIST LOI.BINOMIALE
probability
Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the
CEILING PLAFOND X
nearest multiple of significance
Returns information about the formatting,
CELL CELLULE
location, or contents of a cell

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Returns the character specified by the code

CHAR CAR X
number
Returns the one-tailed probability of the
CHIDIST LOI.KHIDEUX
chi-squared distribution
Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability
CHIINV KHIDEUX.INVERSE
of the chi-squared distribution
CHITEST TEST.KHIDEUX Returns the test for independence
CHOOSE CHOISIR X Chooses a value from a list of values
CLEAN EPURAGE Removes all nonprintable characters from text
Returns a numeric code for the first character in
CODE CODE X
a text string
COLUMN COLONNE X Returns the column number of a reference
COLUMNS COLONNES Returns the number of columns in a reference
Returns the number of combinations for a given
COMBIN COMBIN
number of objects
CONCATENATE CONCATENER X Joins several text items into one text item
Returns the confidence interval for a population
CONFIDENCE INTERVALLE.CONFIANCE
mean
Returns the correlation coefficient between two
CORREL COEFFICIENT.CORRELATION
data sets
COS COS X Returns the cosine of a number
COSH COSH Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number
Counts how many numbers are in the list of
COUNT NB X
arguments
Counts how many values are in the list of
COUNTA NBVAL X
arguments
COUNTBLANK NB.VIDE X Counts blanks
COUNTIF NB.SI X Counts values matching an expression
Returns covariance, the average of the products
COVAR COVARIANCE
of paired deviations
Returns the smallest value for which the
CRITBINOM CRITERE.LOI.BINOMIALE cumulative binomial distribution is less than or
equal to a criterion value
DATE DATE X Returns the serial number of a particular date

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Converts a date in the form of text to a serial

DATEVALUE DATEVAL X
number
DAVERAGE BDMOYENNE Returns the average of selected database entries
DAY JOUR X Converts a serial number to a day of the month
Calculates the number of days between two
DAYS360 JOURS360
dates based on a 360-day year
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a
DB DB specified period by using the fixed-declining
balance method
Counts the cells that contain numbers in a
DCOUNT BDNB
database
DCOUNTA BDNBVAL Counts nonblank cells in a database
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a
specified period by using the double-declining
DDB DDB
balance method or some other method that you
specify
DEGREES DEGRES X Converts radians to degrees
DEVSQ SOMME.CARRE.ECARTS Returns the sum of squares of deviations
Extracts from a database a single record that
DGET BDLIRE
matches the specified criteria
Returns the maximum value from selected
DMAX BDMAX
database entries
Returns the minimum value from selected
DMIN BDMIN
database entries
Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar)
DOLLAR FRANC
currency format
Multiplies the values in a particular field of
DPRODUCT BDPRODUIT
records that match the criteria in a database
Estimates the standard deviation based on a
DSTDEV BDECARTTYPE
sample of selected database entries
Calculates the standard deviation based on the
DSTDEVP BDECARTTYPEP
entire population of selected database entries
Adds the numbers in the field column of records
DSUM BDSOMME
in the database that match the criteria

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Estimates variance based on a sample from

DVAR BDVAR
selected database entries
Calculates variance based on the entire
DVARP BDVARP
population of selected database entries
ERROR.TYPE TYPE.ERREUR Returns a number corresponding to an error type
EVEN PAIR Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
EXACT EXACT Checks to see if two text values are identical
EXP EXP X Returns e raised to the power of a given number
EXPONDIST LOI.EXPONENTIELLE Returns the exponential distribution
FACT FACT Returns the factorial of a number
FALSE FAUX X Returns the logical value of FALSE
FDIST LOI.F Returns the F probability distribution
Finds one text value within another
FIND TROUVE X
(case-sensitive)
Returns the inverse of the F probability
FINV INSERVE.LOI.F
distribution
FISHER FISHER Returns the Fisher transformation
FISHERINV FISHER.INVERSE Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation
Formats a number as text with a fixed number of
FIXED CTXT X
decimals
FLOOR PLANCHER X Rounds a number down, toward zero
FORECAST PREVISION Returns a value along a linear trend
Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical
FREQUENCY FREQUENCE
array
FTEST TEST.F Returns the result of an F-test
FV VC Returns the future value of an investment
GAMMADIST LOI.GAMMA Returns the gamma distribution
Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative
GAMMAINV LOI.GAMMA.INVERSE
distribution
Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma
GAMMALN LNGAMMA
function, G(x)
GEOMEAN MOYENNE.GEOMETRIQUE X Returns the geometric mean
GETPIVOTDATALIREDONNEESTABCROISDYNAMIQUE
GROWTH CROISSANCE Returns values along an exponential trend

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HARMEAN MOYENNE.HARMONIQUE X Returns the harmonic mean

Looks in the top row of an array and returns the
HLOOKUP RECHERCHEH X
value of the indicated cell
HOUR HEURE X Converts a serial number to an hour
Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a
HYPERLINK LIEN_HYPERTEXTE document stored on a network server, an
intranet, or the Internet
HYPGEOMDIST LOI.HYPERGEOMETRIQUE Returns the hypergeometric distribution
IF SI X Specifies a logical test to perform
Uses an index to choose a value from a
INDEX INDEX X
reference or array
INDIRECT INDIRECT X Returns a reference indicated by a text value
Returns information about the current operating
INFO INFO
environment
INT ENT X Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
INTERCEPT ORDONNEE.ORIGINE X Returns the intercept of the linear regression line
Returns the logical intersection of an arbitrary
INTERSECT INTERSECTION X
number of ranges
Returns the interest payment for an investment
IPMT INTPER
for a given period
Returns the internal rate of return for a series of
IRR TRI
cash flows
ISBLANK ESTVIDE X Returns TRUE if the value is blank
Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISERR ESTERR X
except #N/A
ISERROR ESTERREUR X Returns TRUE if the value is any error value
ISLOGICAL ESTLOGIQUE X Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value
ISNA ESTNA X Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value
ISNONTEXT ESTNONTEXTE X Returns TRUE if the value is not text
ISNUMBER ESTNUM X Returns TRUE if the value is a number
Calculates the interest paid during a specific
ISPMT ISPMT
period of an investment
ISREF ESTREF X Returns TRUE if the value is a reference
ISTEXT ESTTEXTE X Returns TRUE if the value is text

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KURT KURTOSIS Returns the kurtosis of a data set

LARGE GRANDE.VALEUR X Returns the k-th largest value in a data set
LEFT GAUCHE X Returns the leftmost characters from a text value
LEN NBCAR X Returns the number of characters in a text string
LINEST DROITEREG Returns the parameters of a linear trend
LN LN X Returns the natural logarithm of a number
Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified
LOG LOG X
base
LOG10 LOG10 X Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
LOGEST LOGREG X Returns the parameters of an exponential trend
LOGINV LOI.LOGNORMALE.INVERSE Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution
LOGNORMDIST LOI.LOGNORMALE Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution
LOOKUP RECHERCHE X Looks up values in a vector or array
LOWER MINUSCULE X Converts text to lowercase
MATCH EQUIV X Looks up values in a reference or array
Returns the maximum value in a list of
MAX MAX X
arguments
Returns the maximum value in a list of
MAXA MAXA X arguments, including numbers, text, and logical
values
MDETERM DETERMAT Returns the matrix determinant of an array
MEDIAN MEDIANE X Returns the median of the given numbers
Returns a specific number of characters from a
MID STXT X
text string starting at the position you specify
MIN MIN X Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments
Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments,
MINA MINA X
including numbers, text, and logical values
MINUTE MINUTE X Converts a serial number to a minute
MINVERSE INVERSEMAT Returns the matrix inverse of an array
Returns the internal rate of return where positive
MIRR TRIM and negative cash flows are financed at different
rates
MMULT PRODUITMAT Returns the matrix product of two arrays
MOD MOD X Returns the remainder from division

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MODE MODE Returns the most common value in a data set

MONTH MOIS X Converts a serial number to a month
N N X Returns a value converted to a number
NA NA X Returns the error value #N/A
NEGBINOMDISTLOI.BINOMIALE.NEG Returns the negative binomial distribution
NORMDIST LOI.NORMALE Returns the normal cumulative distribution
Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative
NORMINV LOI.NORMALE.INVERSE
distribution
Returns the standard normal cumulative
NORMSDIST LOI.NORMALE.STANDARD
distribution
Returns the inverse of the standard normal
NORMSINV LOI.NORMALE.STANDARD.INVERSE
cumulative distribution
NOT NON X Reverses the logic of its argument
Returns the serial number of the current date and
NOW MAINTENANT X
time
NPER NPM Returns the number of periods for an investment
Returns the net present value of an investment
NPV VAN based on a series of periodic cash flows and a
discount rate
ODD IMPAIR Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
OFFSET DECALER X Returns a reference offset from a given reference
OR OU X Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
Returns the Pearson product moment correlation
PEARSON PEARSON
coefficient
PERCENTILE CENTILE X Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range
Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data
PERCENTRANK RANG.POURCENTAGE
set
Returns the number of permutations for a given
PERMUT PERMUTATION
number of objects
PI PI Returns the value of pi
PMT VPM Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
POISSON LOI.POISSON Returns the Poisson distribution
POWER PUISSANCE X Returns the result of a number raised to a power

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Returns the payment on the principal for an

PPMT PRINCPER
investment for a given period
Returns the probability that values in a range are
PROB PROBABILITE
between two limits
PRODUCT PRODUIT Multiplies its arguments
Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text
PROPER NOMPROPRE
value
PV VA Returns the present value of an investment
QUARTILE QUARTILE Returns the quartile of a data set
RADIANS RADIANS X Converts degrees to radians
RAND ALEA X Returns a random number between 0 and 1
RANK RANG X Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers
RATE TAUX Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity
REPLACE REMPLACER X Replaces characters within text
REPT REPT X Repeats text a given number of times
Returns the rightmost characters from a text
RIGHT DROITE X
value
ROMAN ROMAIN Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text
ROUND ARRONDI X Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
ROUNDDOWN ARRONDI.INF X Rounds a number down, toward zero
ROUNDUP ARRONDI.SUP X Rounds a number up, away from zero
ROW LIGNE X Returns the row number of a reference
ROWS LIGNES Returns the number of rows in a reference
Returns the square of the Pearson product
RSQ COEFFICIENT.DETERMINATION
moment correlation coefficient
RTD RTD
Finds one text value within another (not
SEARCH CHERCHE X
case-sensitive)
SECOND SECONDE X Converts a serial number to a second
SIGN SIGNE X Returns the sign of a number
SIN SIN X Returns the sine of the given angle
SINH SINH Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number
SKEW COEFFICIENT.ASYMETRIE Returns the skewness of a distribution

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Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset

SLN AMORLIN
for one period
SLOPE PENTE X Returns the slope of the linear regression line
SMALL PETITE.VALEUR X Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set
SQRT RACINE X Returns a positive square root
STANDARDIZE CENTREE.REDUITE Returns a normalized value
STDEV ECARTYPE X Estimates standard deviation based on a sample
Estimates standard deviation based on a sample,
STDEVA STDEVA X
including numbers, text, and logical values
Calculates standard deviation based on the
STDEVP ECARTYPEP X
entire population
Calculates standard deviation based on the
STDEVPA STDEVPA X entire population, including numbers, text, and
logical values
Returns the standard error of the predicted
STEYX ERREUR.TYPE.XY
y-value for each x in the regression
SUBSTITUTE SUBSTITUE X Substitutes new text for old text in a text string
SUBTOTAL SOUS.TOTAL X Returns a subtotal in a list or database
SUM SOMME X Adds its arguments
SUMIF SOMME.SI X Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
Returns the sum of the products of
SUMPRODUCT SOMMEPROD
corresponding array components
SUMSQ SOMME.CARRES Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments
Returns the sum of the difference of squares of
SUMX2MY2 SOMME.X2MY2
corresponding values in two arrays
Returns the sum of the sum of squares of
SUMX2PY2 SOMME.X2PY2
corresponding values in two arrays
Returns the sum of squares of differences of
SUMXMY2 SOMME.XMY2
corresponding values in two arrays
Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of
SYD SYD
an asset for a specified period
T T X Converts its arguments to text
TAN TAN X Returns the tangent of a number
TANH TANH Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number

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TDIST LOI.STUDENT Returns the Student's t-distribution

TEXT TEXTE X Formats a number and converts it to text
TIME TEMPS X Returns the serial number of a particular time
Converts a time in the form of text to a serial
TIMEVALUE TEMPSVAL X
number
TINV LOI.STUDENT.INVERSE Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution
TODAY AUJOURDHUI X Returns the serial number of today's date
TRANSPOSE TRANSPOSE Returns the transpose of an array
TREND TENDANCE Returns values along a linear trend
TRIM SUPPRESPACE Removes spaces from text
TRIMMEAN MOYENNE.REDUITE Returns the mean of the interior of a data set
TRUE VRAI X Returns the logical value of TRUE
TRUNC TRONQUE Truncates a number to an integer
Returns the probability associated with a
TTEST TEST.STUDENT
Student's t-test
Returns a number indicating the data type of a
TYPE TYPE X
value
Returns the logical union of an arbitrary number
UNION UNION X
of ranges
UPPER MAJUSCULE X Converts text to uppercase
VALUE CNUM X Converts a text argument to a number
VAR VAR X Estimates variance based on a sample
Estimates variance based on a sample, including
VARA VARA X
numbers, text, and logical values
Calculates variance based on the entire
VARP VAR.P X
population
Calculates variance based on the entire
VARPA VARPA X population, including numbers, text, and logical
values
Returns the depreciation of an asset for a
VDB VDB specified or partial period by using a declining
balance method
Looks in the first column of an array and moves
VLOOKUP RECHERCHEV X
across the row to return the value of a cell

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WEEKDAY JOURSEM X Converts a serial number to a day of the week

WEIBULL LOI.WEIBULL Returns the Weibull distribution
YEAR ANNEE X Converts a serial number to a year
Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a
ZTEST TEST.Z
z-test

All of functions above are supported by xlsgen for reading and writing.

Functions supported by the calculation engine (see the third column of the above table) : a subset of the over 200 built-in Excel functions are
currently supported, and support for other functions is being added on a case by case basis. In addition, xlsgen does not currently provide
calculation support for the following :

user-defined formulas such as VBA macros or external XLL addins.

formulas referencing external workbooks.

If, upon closing a workbook in Excel that was generated by xlsgen, Excel brings a prompt saying "Microsoft Excel recalculates formulas when
opening files last saved by an earlier version of Excel (than the one currently running)", then you may avoid this behavior by setting the
appropriate Excel target version. See here.

xlsgen documentation. © ARsT Design all rights reserved.

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