Scaffold Safety Procedure
Scaffold Safety Procedure
Scaffold Safety Procedure
Contents
1. OBJECTIVE:
Objective of this procedure is to provide the mandatory requirements and safe practices
required for scaffold erection, modification, dismantling, use and storage. This Procedure
should be used in conjunction with local regulations, consensus standards which help to
achieve safe scaffold erection and use.
2. SCOPE:
This procedure applies to all operating and project sites of Tata Power Group companies.
3. EXPECTED RESULTS:
3.1. Manage scaffold erection, use and dismantling job safely.
3.2. Control of incidents related to scaffold erection, use and dismantling work.
3.3. Compliance to Regulatory requirements related to Scaffolds.
3.4. To provide safe scaffolding platform for jobs to be done at height.
5. GLOSSARY/ DEFINITIONS:
Brace: A member fixed diagonally across two or more members in a scaffold to afford
stability.
Bracing: Bracing is a system of braces or ties that prevent distortion of a scaffold.
Base Plate: It is a Mild Steel (MS) square plate of 100 mm x 100 mm x 6 mm thick with 38
mm diameter and 75 mm long spigot supporting at bottom to the standard at ground.
Competent person: one who through training and/or experience a) is knowledgeable of
applicable scaffolding regulations; b) is capable of identifying existing and predictable
hazards related to the erection, alteration, dismantlement, storage, and inspection of
scaffolding; and c) has the authority to take prompt corrective actions to eliminate such
hazards.
Fabricated-frame scaffold: A scaffold consisting of a platform(s) supported on fabricated
end frames with integral posts, horizontal bearers, and intermediate members (also known
as welded-frame scaffold and sectional scaffold).
Guard rail: A horizontal rail secured to standards and erected along the exposed edges
of scaffolds to prevent workmen from falling.
HIRA: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment: Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment is to
identify and evaluate the hazards, Risk and put controls measures for safe execution of
activities.
Hazard: Source or situation with potential for harm, something that can cause body injury /
occupational illness, damage company property.
IDLH: Immediate Danger to Life and Health
Job: A piece of physical work defined by time or other limits and that has a clear start and
end point.
Job Safety Analysis: Job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps integrate
accepted safety and health principles and practices into a particular task or job. In a JSA,
for each basic step of the job, it is to identify potential hazards and to recommend the
safest way to do the job.
Job: A piece of physical work defined by time or other limits and that has a clear start and
end point
Kicker Lift: The vertical distance measured from ground to the center of first ledger,
normally this distance is 150 mm from ground and provided when scaffold is more than
6.0M height or scaffold carrying heavy load.
Ledger: A horizontal member which ties the standard at right angles and which may
support putlogs and transoms.
Lift Height: The vertical distance measured between center of two ledgers. Normal lift
height is 2.2 M.
Mobile (rolling) scaffold: A castor-mounted sections of tubular metal scaffolds and are
used for work on street lighting, plant etc.
Non Routine Job / Task: Where an SOP / SMP is not available or the conditions of the
SOP / SMP have changed
PPE: Personal Protective Equipment
PTW: Permit to Work
Putlog: A scaffold member spanning from ledger to ledger or from ledger/standard to a
building and upon which platform rests.
Racker: An inclined load bearing tube that braces the scaffold against ground.
Risk: The likelihood (probability) which can lead to potential negative consequences.
Risk Assessment: A systematic and structured process whereby hazards present in a
workplace, or arising from workplace activity, are identified, risks assessed / evaluated,
and decisions prioritized in order to reduce risks to acceptable levels.
SHE: Safety, Health and Environment
Sole Plate: It is a Mild Steel plate of 300 mm x 300 mm x 6 mm thick, provided below the
base plate in unpaved area.
Severity: The level of consequence / harm of an event that could occur due to exposure
to the hazard present
Shall: Mandatory requirement
Should: Optional requirement
Note: Some of the common definitions, used in conjunction with scaffold, are illustrated
in the diagram (as depicted) for the ease of understanding.
6. PROCEDURES:
6.1 General Information
6.1.1 Erection, dismantlement, movement, and modification
Approved Permit-To-Work and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) shall be made available before
erecting, dismantling, moving, or modifying scaffolding. Examples of hazards to consider
include, but not limited to the following:
Working from heights
The presence of nearby electrical lines or process equipment
Hazardous area classification
The condition of working surfaces
The presence and activity of other people in the vicinity of the work
The weather (Heavy rain, high wind velocity-more than 36 Km/Hr, etc)
6.1.2 Scaffolding shall be erected, dismantled, moved, and modified only under the
direction of a competent person and by employees who have received appropriate
and specific training for the work they are to perform. Determination and
designation of competent persons for scaffold work are the responsibility of the site
except where local regulations set other criteria.
6.1.3 Categories and Classification:
Most scaffolds fall into one of the four primary categories:
Tube and coupler scaffold/Coup lock scaffold
Suspended scaffold
Mobile scaffold
System scaffold
Supported scaffold
Scaffolds are classified according to their intended use as:
Light duty
Medium duty
Heavy duty
Maximum bay length in meter 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.8
6.1.6.5 Do not try to move rolling scaffolding without sufficient help. Watch out for holes
in the floor and for overhead obstructions.
6.1.6.6 Do not use brackets on rolling scaffoldings without first considering the
overturning effect.
6.1.6.7 Mobile Scaffolds shall be designed to restrict maximum height verses length to
4:1.
6.1.7 Safety Requirements
6.1.7.1 Appropriate barricades shall be installed to protect people in the vicinity during
scaffold erection, use, modification and dismantling. As far as practicable,
barricades shall be provided by keeping a clear distance of 1.0 meter from
scaffold structure.
6.1.7.2 Fall protection when erecting, dismantling, and modifying scaffolds shall be under
the direction of a competent person (Scaffold Supervisor).
6.1.7.3 Scaffold erectors (Scaffolders) shall use personal fall-arrest systems that provide
continuous fall protection while erecting, dismantling or modifying scaffolds unless
the determination is made by a competent person that fall protection is not
feasible or it creates a greater hazard.
6.1.7.4 Fall protection can be accomplished through the use of adequate anchorages that
are independent of the scaffold or by using scaffold systems and components that
are approved by the manufacturer as adequate anchorages.
6.1.7.5 Employees shall use appropriate fall-arrest equipment in accordance with
Engineering Standard on “Full body Harness and fall protection system”.
6.1.7.6 The footing for supported scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable of
supporting the maximum intended load, including the weight of the scaffold.
6.1.7.7 Manufacturer’s guidelines for proprietary scaffolds (e.g. Cup & lock, H frame,
Insulating modular scaffolds) shall be followed with applicable regulations.
6.1.7.8 There shall be firm foundation for all scaffoldings. All scaffolding shall be made of
sound (free from deformation, cracks, corrosion) material.
6.1.7.9 Scaffolding material shall be inspected and used, only if found in good condition.
Avoid using equipment whose strength is not known.
6.1.7.10 Provide adequate sills for scaffolding posts. Metal base plate is used under all
upright or standard scaffoldings. Correct type of couplers shall be used for all
connections.
6.1.7.11 Plumb and level scaffoldings as erection proceeds, so that braces will fit without
forcing. Fasten all braces securely.
6.1.7.12 Where scaffoldings are erected above walkways or work areas, the space
between toe board and railing should be covered with net / screens.
6.1.7.13 Whenever work is being done above the scaffolding under erection, overhead
protection should be provided to the scarfolders.
6.1.7.14 A safe and convenient means of access shall be provided to the platform level.
Means of access may be a portable ladder, fixed ladder, ramp or runway or
stairway. The ladder shall be so installed that there supporting member (pipe) is
just below ladder rung. This is to avoid tripping hazard, especially while using the
ladder.
6.1.7.15 During erection, the ladder shall be installed as early as practicable, but not later
than first two horizontal members (Ledgers). This is to facilitate Scaffolder while
erecting the scaffold.
6.1.7.16 Ladder should be provided with tie rods/studs at top and bottom rungs.
6.1.7.17 Do not cantilever or extend putlogs / trusses as side brackets, without thoroughly
considering the loads to be applied.
6.1.7.18 Do not climb cross braces.
6.1.7.19 Do not use ladders or makeshift devices on top of scaffoldings to increase the
height.
6.1.7.20 Have at least 12” overlap and 6” extension beyond centerline of support or cleat
both ends to prevent sliding.
6.1.7.21 Do not allow unsupported ends of planking to extend an unsafe distance beyond
supports.
6.1.7.22 Planks shall be non-greasy and free from defects.
6.1.7.23 Access to working platform shall be suitably protected against inadvertent fall by
providing swing members/ swing gate or chains.
6.1.7.24 When scaffolding is no longer required, request for dismantling of scaffold shall
be sent to scaffolding supervisor through work permit.
6.1.7.25 Scaffold shall be removed from top bracings. Ties, ledgers etc. should not be
removed from section lower than the one which is being dismantled.
6.1.7.26 Do not throw or allow falling to ground any scaffold member, board or fittings.
6.1.7.27 Dismantled scaffold material shall be neatly stacked, away from the site until
whole of scaffold has been dismantled.
6.1.7.28 During the erection stage of a scaffold, warning notices with the wording “scaffold
incomplete, Do not use” (Annexure - 3) shall be fixed to the scaffold at all access
points. This warning will be in the form of a painted board. It is a good practice to
have the authorized (competent) person(s) sign the boards.
6.1.7.29 In NO circumstances, incomplete scaffolding shall be allowed to carry out any
job.
6.1.7.30 The status board with the wording “Scaffold Complete, Safe for Use" (Annexure -
3) shall be displayed when the scaffolding is ready for use.
6.1.7.31 After erection, but before first use of a scaffold, the erected scaffolding shall be
inspected (Using scaffold check list as per Part 2 in Annexure-2) and approved
by the competent person. The certification of the scaffolding shall be as per Part
3 in Annexure-2.
6.1.7.32 Once erected the scaffolding shall be inspected “Every Week” and recorded in
Part 4 in Annexure-2. Scaffold after due date of inspections shall not be
permitted for Use without Re-inspection by the Competent person.
6.1.7.33 When the completed scaffold is handed over for use, it is the responsibility of
user to ensure its correct and safe use.
6.1.7.34 In the event of any doubt concerning the integrity of a particular scaffold,
“Scaffold Incomplete – Do not Use” (Annexure-3) boards shall be displayed.
These boards will be put up after removing "Scaffold Complete- Ready for Use"
boards.
6.1.7.35 If any changes or alternation to the original scaffold are found, inform the
scaffolding supervisor and prevents others from using the scaffold by do not use
boards until it is re-inspected by the scaffolding supervisor.
6.1.7.36 Removal of scaffold shall be done through Permit-To-Work.
6.1.8 Use of scaffold:
6.1.8.1 Person who use scaffolds shall be trained. The scope of the training shall include
the appropriate safe working practices for the work to be performed and
guidance on assessing hazards and selecting the proper protective measures.
6.1.8.2 Personnel working below and passersby shall be protected from overhead
hazards.
6.1.8.3 Safe access shall be provided for scaffold users. Cross-bracing shall not be used
for access. End frames shall not be used for access unless they were designed
for use as access.
6.1.8.4 Person who use scaffolds shall assess the hazards posed by working on them
and take appropriate precautions to mitigate the hazards.
6.1.8.5 No scaffold shall be loaded beyond the working load for which it is intended.
6.1.8.6 Person shall use appropriate fall-arrest equipment in accordance with Standard
on “Full body harness and fall protection system” on scaffolds not equipped with
standard top rail, mid rail, toe guard and complete decking.
6.1.9 Storage and inspection of Scaffold materials
6.1.9.1 All scaffolding material shall be stored at designated location to protect them
from adverse environment conditions such as corrosion, weather according the
manufacturer’s recommendations and /or as per instructions of scaffolding
supervisor.
6.1.9.2 Storage racks/ Locations/ areas shall be clearly identified. Long term storage of
scaffolding material may be at a single location.
6.1.9.3 From designated storage, the requisite material should be moved to the location,
as transit storage, for immediate use for erection of scaffolding.
6.1.9.4 The dismantled scaffolding material should not be allowed to pile up in the plant
area. Storage facility of scaffold material shall be properly constructed for its
stability and load bearing capability.
6.1.9.5 Scaffolding material such as tubular, planks, clamps etc. shall be inspected
annually by the user department as per Annexure 5 to ensure they are free from
defects. The visual inspection shall cover 100% scaffold materials. The inspected
lot of material should be suitably painted, clearly indicating due date for the next
inspection.
6.1.9.6 Information on inspecting scaffold components and testing scaffolds planking can
be found in the manufacturer’s literature.
7. Records:
11. Exceptions: Any Exception to this procedure shall only be done as per Document Control
.Procedure (TPSMS/GSP/DC/014).
12. Review: Review of this procedure shall be done as and when but not later than once in
every three (03) years. Typical Factors like Changes in legislation, Review of Incident
Reports, Inspection & Audit findings, Feedback from users, Recommendations in Incident
investigation reports may be inputs for the review and revision of the procedure.
13. ATTACHMENTS/APPENDIX :
Refer Sample formats as Annexures attached in next page of this document:
13.1 Annexure-1: Scaffold erection, use and removal process flow Chart
13.2 Annexure-2: Scaffolding request, inspection, certificate and Weekly re-certificate
(TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/001)
Pat-1: Requesting for Scaffolding
Part-2: Inspection Check List for Scaffolding
Part-3: Certificate of Fitness of Scaffolding
Part-4: Weekly Re-Certification for Fitness of Scaffolding
13.3 Annexure-3: Safety Boards.
13.4 Annexure-4: Scaffolding Audit check list (TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/002)
13.5 Annexure-5: Scaffold pipe, Ladder, Plank/Jali, Clamps, Base Plate Check-list
(TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/003)
13.6 Annexure 6: Do’s and Don’ts for Scaffold Safety
Annexure - 1
Scaffold erection, use and removal process flow Chart
Accept Work
User
Issue Work
No
Close Work Close Work Permit
Site review and Permit with Issue Work Permit
Permit for Issue Work Permit for work for Removal of
Decision for Issuing YES site specific with site specific
Erection of on scaffold scaffold
Work Permit Risk Risk assessment
scaffold
Yes
assessment
OK
Maintenance
Scaffold Request
for Scaffold Permit and scaffold for use rectification Permit Request for Accept Work Permit and
Part 1
Erection/ A Check & certify
(Annexure 2)
Modification
Communicate
Contractor
Part 2 & 3
( Annexure 2)
A scaffold Part 2 & 4 Scaffold Removal Communicate Contractor
(Annexure 2)
Remove “Ready
for Use board
Contractor
Annexure - 2
TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/001 (Part: 1 of 4)
Part 1
*Note: The scaffolding width is determined by the width of the boards, the minimum width
allowed for two boards is 600 mm but a more typical four-board scaffold would be 870 mm
wide from standard to standard. More heavy-duty scaffolding can require 5, 6 or even up to 8
boards width
Annexure - 2
TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/001 (Part: 2 of 4)
Part 2
S. Yes/ No/
Checks Points Remarks
No NA
S. Yes/ No/
Checks Points Remarks
No NA
Annexure - 2
TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/001 (Part: 3 of 4)
Part 3
I hereby certify that the scaffolding erected for work permit no. ------------------- is ready and fit
for use. I further certify that it is intended for light duty/ General purpose (Medium duty)/
Heavy duty or special duty (tick whatever applicable) service and fit for a load of ……………..
Kg and should not be overloaded.
Date: ____________
Annexure - 2
TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/001 (Part: 4 of 4)
Part 4
Scaffolding is
Scaffolding Name and
inspected as per Name & sign
Certification is safe for sign of
Date part 2 of Competent
for use scaffolding
(any new Person
( Yes/ No) supervisor
observation)
2nd week
3rd week
4th week
5th week
6th week
7th week
8th week
9th week
10th week
Annexure - 3
Safety Boards
Scaffold No:_________
SCAFFOLDING
INCOMPLETE
DO NOT USE
Name of Contractor :
Scaffold No:__________
SCAFFOLDING
COMPLETE
READY FOR USE
Name of Contractor :
Date of Inspection :
Name of Scaffold Inspector:
Annexure – 4
TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/002 Page: 1 of 2
Scaffolding Audit Check List
S. Yes/ NO/
Checks Points Remarks
No NA
1. Has the request for scaffolding been signed by authorized person?
2. Has the 'certificate of fitness of scaffolding' been signed by a
scaffolding supervisor and maintenance engineer?
3. Are the scaffoldings erected as per the load duty requested?
4. Is every work platform fitted with handrail (top rail 1200mm and mid
rail at 600 mm high) and a toe board (150mm) secured to the
platform sides?
5. Are the scaffolding in plumb and level?
6. Are the gratings placed in order without undue gaps and
anchored?
7. Are the footing / anchorage for scaffolds sound and the bay lengths
maintained as per the maximum intended load?
8. Are the poles, legs or uprights of scaffolding are securely braced to
prevent swaying / displacement?
9. Are the base plates (100 x 100 x 3 mm) provided for scaffolding
posts?
10. Are the base plates are supported by sole plate
(300 x 300 x 6 mm) at unpaved area?
11. Is kicker lift (at distance 150mm from ground/base) provided for
scaffold of height more than 6.0 meter?
12. If the scaffolding is erected above walkways or work areas, are the
space between toe boards and railings screened?
13. If work is done over men who are working on scaffolding, is
overhead protection provided?
14. Has the scaffolding area suitably barricaded during erection /
usage / dismantling? As far as practicable, barricades shall be
provided by keeping a clear distance of 1.0 meter from scaffold
structure.
15. Is free standing scaffolding tower protected from tipping by guying
or other means?
16. Is there a safe and convenient means of access? If a ladder is
used, is it rising at least 1050mm above the platform
17. Are relevant status boards (tags) attached to the scaffolding
completed / under erection as applicable?
Annexure – 4
TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/002 Page: 2 of 2
S. Yes/ NO/
Checks Points Remarks
No NA
18. Is safe access to equipment or emergency egress restricted by
scaffolds?
19. Are wall scaffolding anchored every 10 m of length and 8 m of
height?
20. Are landing platforms provided for access ladders more than 9
meters height?
21. If two pipes are connected, Are they overlapped at least 600 mm
and at least two clamps are used?
Annexure – 5
TPSMS/CSP/SCAF/007/FORM/003
Annexure – 6
Do’s
- Use only certified scaffolding, tagged with “Scaffolding Complete, Ready for Use”
- Maintain three-point-contact while climbing up or down the ladder.
- Use rope or container or other suitable means for carrying material from or to ground.
- Maintain good housekeeping, especially at elevated working platform and near the
access.
- Do take special precautions while working in vicinity of mobile cranes or electrical
overhead lines.
- Wear full body safety harness with double lanyard/ personal fall arrest system or other
equally effective means while ascending or descending the ladder or scaffolding
working platform is not fully guarded.
- Do check for emergency approach/ evacuation, especially adequacy means of egress.
- Use safe material handling ways while shifting the material.
- Do report “At-risk conditions” e.g. missing ladder, incomplete decking, improper
guarding, no landing platform, loosely clamped ladder, etc. to your supervisor.
- Do check weekly certification of scaffold at random
Don’ts
- Do not use any part of operational line or pressurized piping as a support, or tie point
for scaffolds or staging.
Do not permit mixing of scaffold types in any one structure (e.g., steel/aluminum
couplers, wooden boards/metal grid boards).
- During the possibility of a thunderstorm, no work shall be executed at a height where a
person can be exposed to lightning.
- Never keep loose tools, materials etc at height in a way it may roll off and fall from
height.
- Do not use cross-bracing or end-frame (unless specially designed) for access.
- Avoid overloading and impact loading
- Never alter or modify or dismantle any part of the scaffold without permission from
scaffolding supervisor or Tata Power personnel.
- Do not throw tools or scaffolding materials from height.
- Do not use “Incomplete Scaffold”.